肺部感染護(hù)理查房英文

EnglishPPTcoursewarefornursingroundsofpulmo2023-12-31IntroductionSymptomsandsignsofpulmonaryinfectionDiagnosisandevaluationNursingandtreatmentofpulmonaryinfectionsPreventionandreimbursementofpulmonaryinfectionsCasesharinganddiscussioncontents目錄CHAPTERIntroduction01PurposeToprovideEnglishPowerPointcoursewarefornursestobetterunderstandthenursingcareofpulmonaryinfectionsBackgroundWiththeincreasingvalidityofpulmonaryinfections,effectivenursingcareiscriticaltoimprovepatientoutcomesHowever,limitedEnglishspeakingnursingresourcesareavailabletoaddressthisneedPurposeandbackgroundPulmonaryinfectionsrefertoinfectionsthataffectthelungs,suchaspneumonia,bronchitis,andtuberculosisDefinitionofpulmonaryinfectionsPulmonaryinfectionscanbeclassifiedbasedonthetypeofmicrobiology,severity,anddurationofsymptomsClassificationDefinitionandclassificationCHAPTERSymptomsandsignsofpulmonaryinfection02Cough01Itisacommonsymptomofpulmonaryinfection,whichmaybedryorproductiveFever02Feverisacommonsignofpulmonaryinfection,whichmaybeacceptedbychildrenDyspnea03Dyspneaisacommonsymptomofpulmonaryinfection,whichmaybecausedbytheincreaseofairwayresistanceorthedecreaseoflungcomplianceCommonsyntaxTachypneaisacommonsignofpulmonaryinfection,whichreferstotherespiratoryratehigherthannormalTachypneaTachycardiaisacommonsignofpulmonaryinfection,whichreferstotheheartratehigherthannormalTachycardiaCracklesarecommonsignsofpulmonaryinfection,whicharecausedbytheincreaseinairwaysecretsorthethickeningofairwaymucosaCracklesSignPleuraleffectPleuraleffectisacommoncomplicationofpulmonaryinfection,whichmaycauseshortnessofbreathandchestpainHeartdiseaseHeartdiseaseisacommoncomplicationofpulmonaryinfection,whichmaycauseparalysisandshortnessofbreathPulmonaryembolismPulmonaryembolismisaseriesofcomplicationsofpulmonaryinfection,whichmaybecausedbysuddenshortnessofbreadandchestpainComplicationsCHAPTERDiagnosisandevaluation03PhysicalexaminationCheckthepatient'svitalsigns,includingtemperature,heartrate,respiratoryrate,bloodpressure,andoxygensaturationObservethepatient'sgeneralcondition,includingskincolor,dyspnea,andcyanosisImagingexaminationUseChestX-rayorCTtocheckthepatient'slunglesionsandcharacteristicsLaboratoryexaminationCollectblood,sputum,orsimplefusionsamplesfortestingtoidentifythecauseofthepulmonaryinfectionDiagnosticmethodAssessthepatient'sconditionbasedontheirsymptoms,physicalexamination,imagingexamination,andlaboratoryexaminationresultsClassifytheseverityofthepulmonaryinfectionanddeterminetheappropriatetreatmentplanMonitorthepatient'svitalsignsandsymptomscloselytoassesstheirresponsetotreatmentandadjustthetreatmentplanaccordinglyAssesstheconditionDifferentialdiagnosisshouldbemadeforotherrespiratorydiseaseswithsimilarsymptoms,suchasasthma,chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD),andlungcancerDifferentialdiagnosisshouldalsoconsiderothernonrespiratorydiseasesthatmaycausesimilarsymptoms,suchasheartdiseaseanddiabetesDifferentialdiagnosisCHAPTERNursingandtreatmentofpulmonaryinfections04NumberingmeasuresMonitorvitalsigns:Regularlycheckandrecordpatients'vitalsigns,includingtemperature,respiration,andbloodpressure,toassesstheseverityofthepulmonaryinfectionAssessoxygenstatus:MonitoroxygensaturationlevelstoensureequaloxygendeliverytothelungsAdministeroxygenifnecessaryAssistwithcoachingandexpectation:EnhancepatientstocoughandclearsecretsfromtheirairwaysProvidesuctioningorotherairclearancetechniquesifnecessaryProvidecomfortmeasures:Assistpatientswithpaymanagement,maintaincomfort,andprovideemotionalsupportduringtheirIllnessAntibiotictherapy:AdministerappropriateantibioticstokillthebacteriacausingthepulmonaryinfectionAntibioticsareselectedbasedontheidentifiedmicrobiologyanditssensitivitytodifferentantibioticsTreatmentprinciples要點三SymptomaticreliefProvidemedicinetorelievesymptomssuchasfever,cough,andpain要點一要點二SupportingcareProvidefluidsandelectrolytestomaintainhydrationandnormalelectrolytebalanceMonitorandcorrectanyelectrolyteimbalancesManagementofcomplicationsAssessandmanageanyunderlyingconditionsthatmayaffectthecourseofthepulmonaryinfection,suchaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)orheartdisease要點三TreatmentprinciplesTreatmentplanInitialevaluation:Assessthepatient'sconditiononadmissionandidentifythetypeofpulmonaryinfection(e.g.,bacterial,viral,orfungal)Diagnostictests:OrderdiagnosticteststoconfirmthediagnosisandidentifythemicrobiologycausingtheinfectionCommontestsincludesputumcultures,bloodcultures,andChestX-raysTreatmentduration:Determinethelengthofantimicrobialtherapybasedonthetypeofmicrobiology,severityofinfection,andpatientresponsetotreatmentFollowupcare:Schedulefollowupappointmentstomonitorthepatient'sprogress,assessresponsetotreatment,andadjustmanagementplanifnecessaryCHAPTERPreventionandreimbursementofpulmonaryinfections05WearmasksinpublicplacestoreducetheriskofrespiratorytractinfectionsIncreasephysicalexercisetoimprovethebody'simmunesystemandreducetheriskofrespiratorytractinfectionsRegularlycleanandinspectthehomeenvironmenttoidentifypotentialsourcesofinfectionEatabalanceddietoensuresufficientnutritionandresistancetorespiratorytractinfectionsPreventivemeasureRehabilitationguidance01Providepatientswithrehabilitationtrainingtoimprovetheirrespiratoryfunctionandqualityoflife02Assistpatientsinlearningtoadjusttheirlifestyles,includingsmokingtreatment,weightloss,andstressmanagement03Providepatientswithpsychologicalsupporttohelpthemovercometheimpactofpulmonaryinfectionsontheirmentalhealth04Monitorpatients'progressandadjustrevisionplansaccordingtoensureeffectiverevisionProvideinformationonthepreventionandtreatmentofpulmonaryinfections,includingthecauses,symptoms,andtreatmentmethodsofdifferenttypesofpulmonaryinfectionsHealthEducationTeachpatientshowtomaintaingoodrespiratoryhygieneandhealthlifestylestopreventrespiratorytractinfectionsInstructionpatientsonhowtorecognizetheearlysymptomsofpulmonaryinfectionsandseektimelymedicalattentionEncouragepatientstoparticipateinpulmonaryinfectionpreventionandcontrolactivitiestoenhancetheirawarenessandknowledgeofthesubjectHealthEducationCHAPTERCasesharinganddiscussion06ApatientwithseverepneumoniawhorequiresICUadmissionduetorespiratoryfailureCase1ApatientwithcommunityacquiredpneumoniawhorecoveredfullyafterappropriatetreatmentandcareCase2ApatientwithvendorassociatedpneumoniawhofaceschallengesinweighingfromthevendorCase3IntroductiontoTypicalCas