人工合成基因組課件

人工生命—artificiallife2007年6月美國科學(xué)家克雷格?文特爾和他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組宣布，他們首次實現(xiàn)了完整的基因組在物種間的移植，這一成功為首個「人造生命」的降生奏響了序曲。文特爾說，這次成功讓他向著制造出首個「人造生命」又邁進一步，他將在幾個月內(nèi)利用人工合成的基因組展開類似的移植試驗，實現(xiàn)科研史上零的突破。如果試驗成功，文特爾就能宣布他造出全球第一個「合成生命」形式。2010年5月20日

J.CraigVenterInstitute(JCVI),anot-for-profitgenomicresearchorganization,publishedresultstodaydescribingthesuccessfulconstructionofthefirstself-replicating,syntheticbacterialcell.Theteamsynthesizedthe1.08millionbasepair(1080kb)chromosomeofamodifiedMycoplasmamycoidesgenome.ThesyntheticcelliscalledMycoplasmamycoidesJCVI-syn1.0andistheproofofprinciplethatgenomescanbedesignedinthecomputer,chemicallymadeinthelaboratoryandtransplantedintoarecipientcelltoproduceanewself-replicatingcellcontrolledonlybythesyntheticgenome.ThisresearchwillbepublishedbyDanielGibsonetalintheMay20theditionofScienceExpressandwillappearinanupcomingprintissueofScience.

Genometransplantationinbacteria:changingonespeciestoanother天然完整基因組種間轉(zhuǎn)移:Asasteptowardpropagationofsyntheticgenomes,wecompletelyreplacedthegenomeofabacterialcellwithonefromanotherspeciesbytransplantingawholegenomeasnakedDNA.IntactgenomicDNAfromMycoplasmamycoides（蕈狀支原體

）largecolony(LC),virtuallyfreeofprotein,wastransplantedintoMycoplasmacapricolum（山羊支原體）

cellsbypolyethyleneglycol(PEG)-mediatedtransformation.Cellsselectedfortetracyclineresistance,carriedbytheM.mycoidesLCchromosome,containthecompletedonorgenomeandarefreeofdetectablerecipientgenomicsequences.ThesecellsthatresultfromgenometransplantationarephenotypicallyidenticaltotheM.mycoidesLCdonorstrainasjudgedbyseveralcriteria.---Science.2007Aug3;317:632-8合成基因組---Science論文Science2July2010:Vol.329.no.5987,pp.52-56CreationofaBacterialCellControlledbyaChemicallySynthesizedGenomeDanielG.Gibson,1JohnI.GlassetalWereportthedesign,synthesis,andassemblyofthe1.08–mega–basepairMycoplasmamycoidesJCVI-syn1.0genomestartingfromdigitizedgenomesequenceinformationanditstransplantationintoaM.capricolumrecipientcelltocreatenewM.mycoidescellsthatarecontrolledonlybythesyntheticchromosome.TheonlyDNAinthecellsisthedesignedsyntheticDNAsequence,including"watermark"sequencesandotherdesignedgenedeletionsandpolymorphisms,andmutationsacquiredduringthebuildingprocess.Thenewcellshaveexpectedphenotypicpropertiesandarecapableofcontinuousself-replication.合成生命的基本操作程序酵母中克隆細菌全基因組策略NucleicAcidsResearch,2010,Vol.38,No.8酵母中克隆支原體全基因組NucleicAcidsResearch,2010,Vol.38,No.8合成基因組結(jié)構(gòu)圖人工合成基因組中的水印Thesecretaminoacidmessagescontainedin"watermarks"thatwereembeddedintheworld’sfirstmanmadebacterialgenome.NCBIcheckedintothegeneticsequencesubmittedbyVenter’sInstituteandfoundthewatermarkshiddeninplainsight.Thefivecodedmessagesthatwillgodowninhistoryasembeddedinthefir