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China'sSpaceActivitiesinBEIJING,Dec.27(Xinhua)--TheInformationChina'sSpaceActivitiesinBEIJING,Dec.27(Xinhua)--TheInformationOfficeoftheStateCouncilonTuesdaypublishedwhitepaperonChina'sspaceactivitiesinFollowingisthefullChina'sSpaceActivitiesinTheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople'sRepublicofDecemberFirstEditionI.Purposes,VisionandPrinciplesofII.MajorDevelopmentsSinceIII.MajorTasksfortheNextFiveIV.PoliciesandMeasuresforV.InternationalExchangesandV.InternationalExchangesandSpaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghi-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman'sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Currently,moreandmorecountries,includingdevelopingones,aremakingthedevelopmentofspaceactivitiesanimportantstrategicchoice.ThusspaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareTheChinesegovernmenttakesthespaceindustryasanimportantpartofthenation'soveralldevelopmentstrategy,andadherestotheprincipleofexplorationandutilizationofouterspaceforpeacefulpurposes.Overthepast60yearsofremarkabledevelopmentsinceitsspaceindustrywasestablishedin1956,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinthissphere,includingthedevelopmentofatomicandhydrogenbombs,missiles,man-madesatellites,mannedspaceflightandlunarprobe.Ithasopenedupapathofself-relianceandindependentinnovation,andhascreatedthespiritofChina'sspaceindustry.Tocarryforwardthisspiritandstimulateenthusiasmforinnovation,theChinesegovernmentsetApril24asChina'sSpaceDayin"Toexplorethevastcosmos,developthespaceindustryandbuildChinaintoaspacepowerisadreamwepursueunremittingly."InthenextfiveyearsandbeyondChinawillupholdtheconceptsofinnovative,balanced,green,openandshareddevelopment,andpromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofspacescience,spacetechnologyandspaceapplications,soastocontributemoretobothservingnationaldevelopmentandimprovingthewell-beingofToenabletheworldcommunitytobetterunderstandChina'sspaceindustry,wearepublishingthiswhitepapertoofferabriefintroductiontothemajorachievementsChinahasmadeinthisfieldsince2011,itsmaintasksinthenextfiveyears,anditsinternationalexchangesandcooperationI.Purposes,VisionandPrinciplesof1.Toexploreouterspaceandenhanceunderstandingoftheearthandthecosmos;toutilizeouterspaceforpeacefulpurposes,promotehumancivilizationandsocialprogress,andbenefitthewholeofmankind;tomeetthedemandsofeconomic,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopment,nationalsecurityandsocialprogress;andtoimprovethescientificandculturallevelsoftheChinesepeople,protectChina'snationalrightsandinterests,andbuildupitsoverall2.TobuildChinaintoaspacepowerinallrespects,withthecapabilitiestomakeinnovationsindependently,tomakescientificdiscoveryandresearchatthecuttingedge,topromotestrongandsustainedeconomicandsocialdevelopment,toeffectivelyandreliablyguaranteenationalsecurity,toexercisesoundandefficientgovernance,andtocarryoutmutuallybeneficialinternationalexchangesandcooperation;tohaveanadvancedandopenspacescienceandtechnologyindustry,stableandreliablespaceinfrastructure,pioneeringandinnovativeprofessionals,andarichandprofoundspacespirit;to2.TobuildChinaintoaspacepowerinallrespects,withthecapabilitiestomakeinnovationsindependently,tomakescientificdiscoveryandresearchatthecuttingedge,topromotestrongandsustainedeconomicandsocialdevelopment,toeffectivelyandreliablyguaranteenationalsecurity,toexercisesoundandefficientgovernance,andtocarryoutmutuallybeneficialinternationalexchangesandcooperation;tohaveanadvancedandopenspacescienceandtechnologyindustry,stableandreliablespaceinfrastructure,pioneeringandinnovativeprofessionals,andarichandprofoundspacespirit;toprovidestrongsupportfortherealizationoftheChineseDreamoftherenewaloftheChinesenation,andmakepositivecontributionstohumancivilizationand3.China'sspaceindustryissubjecttoandservesthenationaloveralldevelopmentstrategy,adherestotheprinciplesofinnovative,coordinated,peacefulandopen-Innovativedevelopment.Chinatakesindependentinnovationasthecoreofthedevelopmentofitsspaceindustry.Itimplementsmajorspacescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengthensscientificexplorationandtechnologicalinnovation,deepensinstitutionalreforms,andstimulatesinnovationandcreativity,workingtopromoterapiddevelopmentofthespace-Coordinateddevelopment.Chinarationallyallocatesvariousresources,encouragesandguidessocialforcestotake-Coordinateddevelopment.Chinarationallyallocatesvariousresources,encouragesandguidessocialforcestotakeanorderlypartinspacedevelopment.Allspaceactivitiesarecoordinatedunderanoverallplanofthestatetopromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofspacescience,spacetechnologyandspaceapplications,andtoimprovethequalityandefficiencyofoverallspace-Peacefuldevelopment.Chinaalwaysadherestotheprincipleoftheuseofouterspaceforpeacefulpurposes,andopposestheweaponizationoforanarmsraceinouterspace.Thecountrydevelopsandutilizesspaceresourcesinaprudentmanner,takeseffectivemeasurestoprotectthespaceenvironmenttoensureapeacefulandcleanouterspaceandguaranteethatitsspaceactivitiesbenefitthewholeof-Opendevelopment.Chinapersistsincombiningindependenceandself-reliancewithopeningtotheoutsideworldandinternationalcooperation.Itactivelyengagesininternationalexchangesandcooperationonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit,peacefulutilization,andinclusivedevelopment,strivingtopromoteprogressofspaceindustryformankindasawholeanditslong-termsustainableII.MajorDevelopmentsSinceSince2011China'sspaceindustryhaswitnessedrapidprogressmanifestedbymarkedlyenhancedcapacityinindependentinnovationandaccesstoouterspace,constantimprovementinspaceinfrastructure,smoothimplementationofmajorprojectssuchasmannedspaceflight,lunarexploration,theBeidouNavigationSystemandhigh-resolutionearthobservationsystem,andsubstantialachievementsinspacescience,technologyand1.Space1.SpacetransportationFrom2011toNovember2016theLongMarchcarrierrocketseriescompleted86launchmissions,sendingover100spacecraftintotargetorbitwithasuccessrateof97.67percent,indicationofincreasingeffectivenessandhigh-densitylaunchingcapabilityofcarrierrockets.TheLongMarch5(CZ-5),China'snewestgenerationofcarrierrocketswithamaximumcarryingcapacity,madeitsmaidenflight,andincreasedthediameterofliquidfuelrocketfrom3.35mto5m,withamaximumpayloadcapacityofabout25tonstolowearthorbitandabout14tonstogeostationarytransferorbit,significantlyimprovingthecarryingcapacityoftheLongMarchrocketfamilyandbecomingasymboloftheupgradingofChina'scarrierrockets.Thedevelopmentofthe120-tonliquidoxygenandkeroseneenginewastestfired,whichpoweredLongMarch6andLongMarch7ontheirmaidenflights.TheLongMarch11,asolid-fuelcarrierrocket,alsomadeasuccessfulmaidenlaunch,furtherenrichingtheLongMarchrocket2.Man-made(1)Earthobservationsatellites.ThefunctionoftheFengyun(WindandCloud),Haiyang(Ocean),Ziyuan(Resources),Gaofen(HighResolution),Yaogan(Remote-Sensing)andTianhui(SpaceMapping)satelliteseriesandconstellationofsmallsatellitesforenvironmentanddisastermonitoringandforecastinghasbeenimproved.TheFengyunpolarorbitmeteorologicalsatellitehassucceededinnetworkingobservationbymorningandafternoonsatellites,whileitsgeostationaryearthorbit(GEO)meteorologicalsatellitehasformedabusinessmodeofsatellitesinorbit,satellitesinorbit,coordinatedoperation,mutualbackupandencryptionattheappropriatetime."TheHaiyang-2satelliteiscapableofall-weather,full-timeandhigh-accuracyobservationofmarinedynamicparameterssuchasseaheight,seawaveandseasurfacewind.TheZiyuan-102Csatellitewaslaunched,theZiyuan-301and02stereomappingsatelliteshaveachieveddoublestarnetworkingandoperating.TheChinaHigh-resolutionEarthObservationSystemprogramhasbeenfullyimplemented;theGaofen-2iscapableofsub-meteropticalremote-sensingobservation,theGaofen-3hasaSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)imaginginstrumentthatisaccuratetoonemeterandtheGaofen-4isChina'sfirstgeosynchronousorbithigh-resolutionearthobservationsatellite.SatelliteCoftheenvironmentanddisastermonitoringandforecastingsmallsatelliteconstellationhasbeenputintouse.ThesuccessfullaunchingoftheKuaizhou-1andKuaizhou-2,whichadoptedintegrateddesignofthesatelliteandthelaunchvehicle,hasimprovedChina'semergencyresponsecapabilityinspace.TheJilin-1,ahigh-resolutionremote-sensingsatelliteforcommercialusehasbeenlaunchedandputinto(2)Communicationsandbroadcastingsatellites.Chinahascomprehensivelyadvancedtheconstructionoffixed,mobileanddatarelaysatellitesystems.ThesuccessfullaunchofcommunicationssatellitessuchasYataiandZhongxingrepresentedthecompletionofafixedcommunicationssatellitesupportsystemwhosecommunicationsservicescoverallofChina'sterritoryaswellasmajorareasoftheworld.TheTiantong-1,China'sfirstmobilecommunicationssatellite,hasbeensuccessfullylaunched.Thefirst-generationdatarelaysatellitesystemcomposedofthreeTianlian-1satelliteshasbeencompleted,andhigh-speedcommunicationtestofsatellite-groundlaserlinkhasbeencrownedwithsuccess.Inaddition,thedevelopmentoftheDFH-5supercommunicationssatelliteplatformisgoing(3)Navigationandpositioningsatellites.TheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(Beidou-2)hasbeencompleted,withthenetworkingof14Beidounavigationsatellites,officiallyofferingpositioning,velocitymeasurement,timing,wideareadifferenceandshort-messagecommunicationserviceto(3)Navigationandpositioningsatellites.TheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(Beidou-2)hasbeencompleted,withthenetworkingof14Beidounavigationsatellites,officiallyofferingpositioning,velocitymeasurement,timing,wideareadifferenceandshort-messagecommunicationservicetocustomersintheAsia-Pacificregion.Beidou'sglobalsatellitenavigationsystemisundergoingsmooth(4)Newtechnologicaltestsatellites.ChinahaslaunchedtheShijian-9satelliteseriestechnologicalexperiments,providinganimportantwaytotestnew3.MannedInJune2012andJune2013,theShenzhou-9andShenzhou-10mannedspacecraftwerelaunchedtodockwiththetargetspacecraftTiangong-1.Theyusedmanualandautomaticoperationsrespectively,symbolizingbreakthroughsforChinainspacecraftrendezvousanddockingtechnologyandfullsuccessinitsfirstoperationofamannedspacetransportationsystem.InSeptemberandOctober2016theTiangong-2spacelaboratoryandShenzhou-11mannedspacecraftwerelaunchedandformedanassemblythatoperatessteadily,withthemissionofcarryingoutscienceandtechnologyexperimentsinspace,indicatingthatChinahasmasteredtechnologiesconcerningastronauts'mid-termstayinorbit,andlong-termgroundmissionsupport.Currently,Chinahasmasteredmajorspacetechnologiessuchasmannedspacetransportation,spaceextravehicularactivity,spacedocking,operatinginassemblyandastronauts'mid-termstayin4.Deepspace4.DeepspaceInDecember2012theChang'e-2lunarprobemadeasuccessfulobservationtripoverasteroid4179(Toutatis).InDecember2013theChang'e-3realizedthefirstsoftlandingonthesurfaceofanextraterrestrialbodybyaChinesespacecraftandcompletedpatrolandexplorationonthesurfaceofthemoon.InNovember2014Chinaachievedsuccessinthereentryandreturnflighttestofthethird-phaselunarexplorationengineering,indicatingthatChinahasmasteredthekeytechnologyofspacecraftreentryandreturnflightinaspeedclosetosecondcosmicTheLunarExplorationProgramhelpedmankindtoacquireahigh-resolutionmapofthemoonandahigh-definitionimageofSinusIridum,andconductedresearchoflunarsurfacemorphology,lunarstructure,elementalcompositionofthelunarsurface,lunarsurfaceenvironment,lunarspaceenvironmentandmoon-basedastronomical212年12月，“嫦娥二號(hào)”月球探測(cè)器成功實(shí)施圖塔蒂斯小行星飛越探測(cè)。203年2月，“嫦娥三號(hào)”月球探測(cè)器首次實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)航天器在地外天體軟著陸，完成月球表面巡視探測(cè)。0年115.SpacelaunchInJune2016theWenchangLaunchSitehelditsfirstlaunch,markinganew-generationlaunchsitedesignedandbuiltbyChina.Thesiteisenvironmentallyfriendlyandmadebreakthroughsininnovation.RenovationshavealsobeenaccomplishedintheJiuquan,TaiyuanandXichanglaunchsites,formingalaunchsitenetworkcoveringbothcoastalandinlandareas,highandlowaltitudes,andvarioustrajectoriestosatisfythelaunchneedsofmannedspaceships,spacelaboratorycoremodules,deepspaceprobesandallkindsof6.SpaceTelemetry,TrackingandCommandTheTianlian-1datarelaysatelliteserieshaveachievedglobalnetworkingandoperating.TheYuanwang-7,aspacecrafttrackingshiphasmadeitsmaidenvoyage.DeepspaceTT&Cstationshavebeenbuiltandputintouse.Chinaisconstantlyimprovingitsspacetelemetry,trackingandcommandsetups,andestablishedamulti-functioningTT&Cnetworkfeaturingspace,marineandgroundintegrationwithaproperscale.Theflightcontrolabilityofspacecrafthasbeengraduallyimproved,completingtheTT&CmissionsoftheShenzhouspacecraftseries,Tiangong-1targetspacecraft,Chang'elunarprobeseriesandearthorbit7.Space(1)Applicationofearthobservationsatellites.Thegroundsystemandapplicationsofearthobservationsatellitesareimproving,thefieldsandlevelsinwhichthesesatellitesareusedareexpandingandtheapplicationbenefitsaregrowing.Thegroundstationsreceivingdatafromland,oceanandmeteorologicalobservationsatellitesareoperatingbasedoncomprehensiveplanning,asatellitedatagroundnetworkwiththecapacityofreceivingdatafromhigh-andlow-orbitsatellitesandreasonablearrangementathomeandabroad.Chinahasalsoestablished,basedoncomprehensiveplanning,agrounddataprocessingsystemforearthobservationsatellites,commonapplicationsupportingplatform,andmulti-levelnetworkdatadistributionsystem,greatlyincreasingitsabilityindataprocessing,archiving,distribution,servicesprovisionandquantitativeapplications.Industrialapplicationsystembuildingisinfullswing,havingcompleted18industrialandtworegionalapplicationdemonstrationsystems,andsetup26provincial-leveldataandapplicationcenters.Anintegratedinformationservicesharingplatformforahigh-resolutionearthobservationsystemhasbeenbuilt.Earthobservationsatellitedataisnowwidelyusedinindustrial,regionalandpublicservicesforeconomicandsocial(2)Applicationofcommunicationsandbroadcastingsatellites.ThegroundfacilitiessuchasTT&Cstation,gatewaystation,uplinkstationandcalibrationfieldofcommunicationssatelliteshavebeenimproved.AsatellitecommunicationsnetworkandsatelliteradioandTVnetworkofadequatescaletomeettheneedsofcertainserviceshavebeenbuilt,furtherimprovingthecommunicationsserviceability.Theseapplicationsplayanimportantroleinradioandtelevisionservices,distanceeducationandtelemedicine.Theemergencysatellitecommunicationssystemhasprovidedimportantsupportforthefightagainstfloodanddrought,forrescueandreliefwork,andforhandlingmajor(3)Applicationofnavigationandpositioningsatellites.TheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemhassignificantlyimproveditsaccuracyandreliability,bringingintoplayanindependent,controllable,completeandmatureBeidouindustrialchainandthethreesystemsofBeidouindustrialguarantee,applicationpromotionandinnovation.TheBeidouNavigationSystemiswidelyusedintransportation,maritimefisheries,hydrologicalmonitoring,weatherforecasting,surveyingandmapping,forestfireprevention,timesynchronizationofcommunication,powerdispatching,disasterreductionandreliefandemergencyrescue,influencingallaspectsofpeople'slifeandproduction,andinjectingnewvitalityintoglobaleconomicandsocial(4)Transformationandapplication(4)Transformationandapplicationofspacetechnology.AnewbusinessmodelfeaturingtheInternetplussatelliteapplicationsiscomingintobeing,providingmoreconvenientandhigh-qualityservicestothepublic.Secondarydevelopment,transformationandapplicationsofspacetechnologymakepossibletheprovisionofhigh-qualityproductsandservicestorelevantindustries,andhelptosupportandpropelthedevelopmentofnewmaterials,intelligentmanufacturingandelectronicinformation,among8.Space(1)Spacesciencesatellites.ChinahassuccessfullylaunchedtheDarkMatterParticleExplorer,Shijian-10andQuantumScienceExperimentSatellite,offeringimportantmeansforscientific(2)Spaceenvironmentscientificexperiments.Chinahascarriedoutaseriesofspacescienceexperimentsusingspacesciencesatellites,Chang'elunarprobe,ShenzhouspacecraftseriesandTiangong-1targetaircraft,deepeningtheunderstandingofthemechanismofbiologicalgrowthandmaterialspreparationundertheconditionsofspacemicrogravityandintenseradiation,andachievingsomeinfluentialresearch(3)Spaceenvironmentdetectionandforecast.Chinahasidentifiedthespaceenvironment'smajorparametersandeffectsusingspacesciencesatellitesandtheShenzhouspacecraftseriestoprovidespaceenvironmentalmonitoringandforecastingservicesforthesafeoperationof9.9.SpaceChinahasimprovedthemonitoringandmitigationofandearlywarningandprotectionagainstspacedebris.Ithasalsoenhancedstandardsandregulationsinthisregard.Themonitoringofandearlywarningagainstspacedebrishavebeenputintoregularoperation,ensuringthesafeoperationofspacecraftinorbit.Chinahasalsomadebreakthroughsinprotectiondesigntechnologies,applyingthemtotheprotectionprojectsofspacecraftagainstspacedebris.Inaddition,allLongMarchcarrierrocketshaveupperstagepassivation,anddiscardedspacecraftaremovedoutoforbittoprotectthespaceIII.MajorTasksfortheNextFiveInthenextfiveyearsChinaplanstoexpeditethedevelopmentofitsspaceendeavorsbycontinuingtoenhancethebasiccapacitiesofitsspaceindustry,strengthenresearchintokeyandcutting-edgetechnologies,andimplementmannedspaceflight,lunarexploration,theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem,high-resolutionearthobservationsystem,new-generationlaunchvehiclesandotherimportantprojects.Furthermore,thecountryistolaunchnewkeyscientificandtechnologicalprogramsandmajorprojects,complete,byandlarge,itsspaceinfrastructuresystem,expanditsspaceapplicationsinbreadthanddepth,andfurtherconductresearchintospacescience,promotingtheintegrateddevelopmentofspacescience,technologyand1.SpacetransportWewilldevelopand1.SpacetransportWewilldevelopandlaunchmedium-liftlaunchvehicleswhicharenon-toxicandpollution-improvethenew-generationlaunchvehiclefamily,andenhancetheirEndeavorswillbemadetoresearchkeytechnologiesandfurtherstudytheplansfordevelopingheavy-liftlaunchvehicles.Breakthroughsareexpectedinkeytechnologiesfortheoverallsystem,high-thrustliquidoxygenandkeroseneengines,andoxygenandhydrogenenginesofsuchlaunchvehicles.Thereaftertheheavy-liftlaunchvehicleprojectwillbeChinawillconductresearchintothetechnologiesforlow-costlaunchvehicles,newupperandthereusablespacetransportationsystembetweentheearthandlow-earth2.SpaceChinaistoimproveitssatellitesystemsandtheirbasicrelateditems,developthethreemajorsatellitesystemsofremote-sensing,communicationsandbroadcasting,andnavigationandpositioning,andbuildaspace-groundintegratedinformationnetwork.Inthisway,aspaceinfrastructuresystemcapableofprovidingsteadyandsustainedserviceswilltakeshape,boostingthesatelliteandrelatedapplicationsindustrial(1)Satelliteremote-sensingsystem.Inaccordancewiththepolicyguidelinefordevelopingmulti-functionalsatellites,andcreatingnetworksofsatellitesandintegratingthem,wewillfocusonseriesofsatellitesforobservingtheland,oceanandatmosphere,respectively.Chinaistoandlaunchsatellitescapableofhigh-resolutionmulti-modeopticalobservation,L-banddifferentialinterferometricsyntheticapertureradarimaging,carbonmonitoringoftheterritorialecosystem,atmosphericLidardetection,andlaunchsatellitescapableofhigh-resolutionmulti-modeopticalobservation,L-banddifferentialinterferometricsyntheticapertureradarimaging,carbonmonitoringoftheterritorialecosystem,atmosphericLidardetection,oceansalinitydetectionandnew-typeoceancolorobservation.Wewilltakestepstobuildourcapabilitiesofhighlyefficient,comprehensiveglobalobservationanddataacquisitionwitharationalallocationoflow-,medium-andhigh-spatialresolutiontechnologies,andanoptimizedcombinationofmultipleobservationmethods.Chinawillmakeoverallconstructionandimprovementonremote-sensingsatellitereceivingstationnetworks,calibrationandvalidationfields,datacenters,data-sharingplatformsandcommonapplicationsupportingplatformstoprovideremote-sensingsatellitedatareceivingservicesacrossthe(2)Satellitecommunicationsandbroadcastingsystem.Thissystemisorientedtowardindustrialandmarketapplications,andmainlyoperatesthroughbusinessmodelswhilemeetingpublicwelfareneeds.Chinawilldevelopbothfixedandmobilecommunicationsandbroadcastingaswellasdatarelaysatellites,buildaspace-groundintegratedinformationnetworkconsistingofspace-basedsystemssuchashigh-earth-orbitbroadbandsatellitesystemsandlow-earth-orbitmobilesatellitesystems,andground-basedsystemssuchassatellite-accessstations.TT&Cstations,gatewaystations,uplinkstations,calibrationfieldsandothersatellitegroundfacilitiesaretobebuiltsynchronously.Theseeffortsareexpectedtobringaboutacomprehensivesystemcapableofprovidingbroadbandcommunications,fixedcommunications,direct-broadcasttelevision,mobilecommunicationsandmobilemultimediabroadcastservices.Aglobalsatellitecommunicationsandbroadcastingsystemintegratedwiththegroundcommunicationsnetworkwillbeestablishedstepby(3)Satellitenavigationsystem.ChinaistocontinuouslyenhancetheservicecapacitiesoftheBeidou-2.WithsustainedeffortsinbuildingtheBeidouglobalsystem,weplantostartbasicservicestocountriesalongtheSilkRoadEconomicBeltand21st-centuryMaritimeSilkin2018,formanetworkconsistingin2018,formanetworkconsistingof35satellitesforglobalservicesby2020,andprovideclientswithmoreaccurateandmorereliableservicesthroughadvancingtheground-basedandsatellite-basedaugmentationsystemsinanintegratedway.3.MannedChinaplanstolaunchtheTianzhou-1cargospacecrafttodockwiththeearth-orbitingTiangong-spacelaboratory,andresearchandmasterkeytechnologiesforcargotransportandreplenishmenttoaccumulateexperienceinbuildingandoperatingaspacestation.Weaimtocompletethemainresearchanddevelopmentworkonthespacestationmodules,startassemblyandoperationofthespaceWestrivetoacquirekeytechnologiesandconductexperimentsonsuchtechnologiestoraisemannedspaceflightcapacity,layingafoundationforexploringanddevelopingcislunar4.Deep-spaceChinawillcontinueitslunarexplorationproject,andstrivetoattaintheautomatedextraterrestrialsamplingandreturningtechnologybyspaceexplorers.Weplantofulfillthethreestrategicstepsof"orbiting,landingandreturning"forthelunarexplorationprojectbylaunchingtheChang'e-5lunarprobebytheendof2017andrealizingregionalsoftlanding,samplingandreturn.WewilllaunchtheChang'e-4lunarprobearound2018toachievemankind'sfirstsoftlandingonthefarsideofthemoon,andconductinsituandrovingdetectionandrelaycommunicationsatearth-moonL2Throughthelunarexplorationproject,topographicandgeologicalsurveyswillbeimplementedandlaboratoryresearchconductedonlunarsamples;geologicalsurveyandresearchaswellaslow-frequencyradioThroughthelunarexplorationproject,topographicandgeologicalsurveyswillbeimplementedandlaboratoryresearchconductedonlunarsamples;geologicalsurveyandresearchaswellaslow-frequencyradioastronomyobservationandresearchwillbecarriedouttargetingthelandingonthefarsideofthemoonforabetterunderstandingoftheformationandevolutionofthe標(biāo)。218嫦娥四號(hào)展原位和巡視探測(cè)，以及地月L點(diǎn)中繼通信。通過(guò)月球探測(cè)工程的實(shí)施，開(kāi)展月表形貌探ChinaintendstoexecuteitsfirstMarsexplorationoperation,andgraspkeytechnologiesfororbiting,landingandrovingexploration.ItplanstolaunchthefirstMarsprobeby2020tocarryoutorbitingandrovingexploration.ItwillconductfurtherstudiesandkeytechnologicalresearchonthebringingbackofsamplesfromMars,asteroidexploration,explorationoftheJupitersystemandplanetfly-byexploration.Whenconditionsallow,relatedprojectswillbeimplementedtoconductresearchintomajorscientificquestionssuchastheoriginandevolutionofthesolarsystem,andsearchforextraterrestrial5.ExperimentsonnewspaceChinaistoperformexperimentsonnewspacetechnologiestoprovidesolidtechnologicalforitsspaceChinawilldevelopandlaunchtechnologyexperimentsatellites,includingtheShijian-13,Shijian-17andShijian-18,andaglobalcarbondioxidemonitoringsatellite,andconductexperimentsonkeytechnologiesfornewelectricpropulsion,lasercommunicationsandcommonplatformsofnew-generationcommunicationssatellites.Itplanstobuildin-orbitservicingandmaintenancesystemsforspacecraftandmakein-orbitexperimentsonnewtheories,technologiesandproductsbytappingvarious6.SpacelaunchChinawillimproveitsexistingspacelaunchsitesbyraisingthereliabilityandITapplicationlevelandconductingadaptiveimprovementstogroundfacilitiesandequipment,andincreasingthecomplementarityofmissionenforcementandbackupcapacitiesofspacelaunchsites,equippingthemwithbasiccapacitiestocarryoutvariouslaunchmissions.Itwillexploreandadvancethebuildingofspacelaunchsitesthatareopentocooperationandsharing,formanewspacelaunchsystemfeaturingrationaldivisionofwork,mutualcomplementarity,smoothcoordination,securityandreliability.Theintegratedcapacitiesandfunctionsofspacelaunchsiteswillbeenhancedandexploitedtomeetvarious7.SpaceChinawillenhanceitsexistingspaceTT&Csystems.Itaimstobuildandoperateasecond-generationrelaysatellitesystem,raisetheaccuracyoftheorbitdeterminationprocessforspacecraft,improveitsTT&Ccapabilitiesinmanagingin-orbitspacecraft,andstrengthenintegratedandefficientutilizationofTT&Cresources,tobuildaspace-