NAATI-考試復(fù)習(xí)題庫(kù)(英文)

PAGEPAGE56OutsourcingQuestionsAnsweredThesimpleanswertothequestionof“Whatistooimportanttooutsource?”is“Whatevermakesyourbusinessunique”.Toputitanotherway,“Whatevergivesyourbusinessitscompetitiveadvantage?”Everythingelseshouldbeconsiderednon-coreandthenthequestioniscanIdothisfunctionusinginhouseresourcesbetter,morecosteffectivelyandwithlessriskthananexternalserviceprovider?Itisoftenwrongtoassumethatthereismoreriskgettinganexternalprovidertoperformcertainbusinessactivitiesthankeepingtheminhouse.Agoodanalogyisthatmostpeopleintheirpersonalliveschoosetooutsourcethediagnosisandtreatmentoflifethreateningsituationstomedicalpractitioners,ratherthankeepingitin-house,becausewerightlybelievethatanexternalserviceproviderofferslessriskthandoingitourselves.Inmyexperience,themajorrisksinvolvedinoutsourcingcriticalprojectsisthattheactivitiesthattheoutsourceriscontractedtoperformbecomedisconnectedfromthecriticalbusinessoutcomestheywereoriginallysetuptosupport.ThistypicallycomesaboutbecausethetraditionaloutsourcingmodelasdepictedinFigure1belowhasseenenterprisesretainresponsibilityforbusinessoutcomes,whilstgivingcontroloftheactivitiesthatdeterminethesebusinessoutcomestoanexternaloutsourcingcompany.Theproblemwiththisapproachisthatbusinessesarerarelystaticandoverthetypicallengthofanoutsourcedproject,businesseschangeandevolve,leadingtoadisconnectbetweentheoutcomesabusinessrequiresovertimeandtheactivitiesthatanoutsourceriscontractedtoundertake.LightAdvantageousforDiabeticsSleepingwiththelightsonmaybethenextadvicefordiabeticsaccordingtoacurrentpublication.Scientistssuggestnight-timeilluminationcouldhelppreventtheonsetofdiabeticretinopathy,aconditionwhichcanresultinseverevisualimpairment.Theconditionaffectsabout25percentofpeoplewhosufferfromdiabetesandisthelargestcauseoftheonsetofadultblindnessinBritain.Diabetescausesimpairedfunctioningofbloodcapillaries,reducingoxygensupplythroughoutthebody.Rodreceptorsintheretina,whichareresponsiblefornightvision,aremostsensitivetothischangebecausetheyhavethehighestoxygendemandofanycellinthebodyatlowlevelsofillumination.Ahumaneyeexposedtobrightlightthentotaldarknesscanrampupitslightsensitivitybyafactorofabout100,000timesin30minutes.Thisdarkadaptationisachievedmainlybyneuralandchemicalprocessesintheretina.Rodreceptorsusedfornightvisionaresodependentuponadequateoxygensupplythatdarkadaptationofnormaleyeshasbeenreportedtobediminishedatmoderatealtitudesabovesealevelduetotheslightreductioninavailableoxygen.Thenormaleyeisonlyjustcapableofprovidingadequateoxygentotheretinaduringnightvision.Eveninearlystagesofthedisease,diabeticssufferalackofoxygen(hypoxia)duringdarkadaptation.Thiswouldbeexpectedtooccurinthevicinityoftherods,inthedeeperlayersoftheretina,buttheretinopathydevelopsnearertothesurfaceoftheretina.EarthwormsEarthwormshavelongbeenassociatedwithproductivesoils.Over100yearsago,CharlesDarwindiscoveredthatearthwormscanreprocesstheirownweightinsoilandorganicmatterinoneday.Thevalueofearthwormstoagricultureliesintheirabilitytochangethephysicalandchemicalcompositionofthesoil.Physicallytheychangethesoilbyaeratingitandincreasingwaterholdingcapacity,chemicallytheycarrysoilnutrientsfromthesoilsurfacetoplantroots.?Earthwormsmayalsoreflectenvironmentalchangesthatarenotreadilyrecognizedwithphysicalorchemicalmeasures.Theymayprovideanearlywarningofsoildegradationandcontamination.InEuropeselectedearthwormspeciesprovideasensitivemeasureofsoilpollution.?ResearchonEarthwormsCurrentresearchintheDivisionsofCSIROLand&WaterandCSIROEntomologyisevaluatingthepotentialforimprovingsoilstructureandcropproductivitythroughthemanagementofearthworms.Objectivesoftheresearchare:?Todeterminethedistributionsandpopulationdynamicsofearthwormsinagriculturalsoils,especiallybeneathpastures,horticulturalandcerealcropsinsouth-easternAustralia.Todemonstratetheeffectsofselectedearthwormsonsoilstructure,fertilityso,andplantproduction.?Toidentifymeansofenhancingearthwormperformance,eitherbyagriculturalmanagementpracticesorintroductionofnewspecies/strains.?Toinvestigatetheuseofcompostingwormstoreduceorganicwastesandtheuseofworm-workedwasteasasoilconditioner?Resultssofarhavebeenpromising.Currentstudieswithselectedearthwormspecieshaveshownincreasesincerealyieldsbymorethan35%.Selectedearthwormspecieshavealsobeenshowntoimprovecropquality,withhigherlevelsofgrainprotein.(259Words)BLOOD-THERHESUSFACTORWeallfallintofourmainbloodgroups:A,B,ABandO.Thetypesrefertodifferentantigensthatsitonthesurfaceofthemillionsofredbloodcellsinourbodies.Anantigenisaproteinthatpromptsthebodytoproduceanantibody.

IfyouhavebloodtypeA,yourplasmacarriesBantibodiessothatifyoucomeintocontactwithtype-Bblood,theantibodiesseekanddestroytheBredbloodcells.Contactbetweenthetwobloodtypescanhaveseriousconsequences,includingkidneyfailureandshock.PeoplewithtypeABhavebothAandBantigenswhileOtypebloodhaveneither.

AnAustrianpathologistidentifiedthefirsttworedcellantigens,AandB,in1900.Inthe1940s,heidentifiedafurtherclassofantigen,therhesus(Rh)factor,namedafterthemonkeysinwhichthediscoverywasmade.

Rhesusfactorisintheredbloodcellsofmostpeople,butabout15percentofpeoplearerhesus-negative.Ifyouarerhesus-negativeandreceiverhesus-positiveblood,youwillproduceanti-rhesusantibodies.

Thefirsttimeisnotusuallycrucial,becausebythenthedonatedbloodisdiluted.ButifyoureceivefurthertransfusionsofRh-positiveblood,theanti-rhesusantibodieswillattackthepositivebloodcells,causingagglutinationorclumping,whichcanbefatal.

Thebiggestproblemarisesduringpregnancy.AnRh-negativewomanwithanRh-positivepartnerislikelytoconceiveanRh-positivebaby.Inlatepregnancy,smallamountsofthebaby'sblood,withitsRh-positivecells,canslipacrosstheplacentaandintothemother'sbloodstream.Themotherwillstarttoproduceanti-Rhantibodies,whichproliferateafterthebabyisborn.EducationMustBeAPriorityAustralians,whosepresentcomfortwasbuiltlargelybythesheerphysicallaboroffarmersandminers,havenottraditionallyplacedahighvalueonformaleducation.Perhapsthoseearlyvaluesarestillreflectedinourgovernments’spendingpriorities.AccordingtoanOECDreport,Australiaspendslessoneducation(primary,secondaryandtertiary)thanmostotherWesterncountries.Canada,theUnitedStates,FranceandSweden–thekindofcountriesweliketocompareourselvesto–devoteahigherproportionoftheirgrossdomesticproducttoeducationthanwedo,eventhroughwehaveahigherproportionofschoolagechildren.Thoughitmightbeexpectedthatwewouldspendmoreoneducationbecauseofouryoungerpopulation,Australia,with24percentmorechildren,spendsabout10percentlessoneducationthanthegroup’saverage.WealsolagwellbehindmostotherOECDcountriesintheproportionofstudentsremainingatschoolpastthemandatoryage.WorldBankstudiesofthecausesofdevelopmenthaveconcludedthateducationisthesinglemostimportantfactorinensuringahighstandardoflivingforacountryanditsindividuals.Thatbeingso,theOECDfindingsarecauseforconcern.Admittedly,thereportisbasedon1986–87figures,andsincethentherehasbeenaverysignificantimprovementintheschoolretentionrateandaslightimprovementineducationfunding.ButtherelativelylowprioritystillaccordedtoeducationonAustralia’sspendinglistindicatesaremarkableshort-sightedness.Words:252HyperactivitydrugsandcocaineuseCONTROVERSYhasflaredupagainovertheclaimthatthedrugsusedtotreathyperactivechildren"prime"themtoabusecocaine.Thelateststudiessuggestthatdrugtreatmentactuallymakeschildrenwithattentiondeficit-hyperactivitydisorderlesslikelytobecomecocaineusers.

ChildrenwithADHD-mostlyboys-constantlyfidgetandstruggletoconcentrate.Theirsymptomscanbeeasedbycertainstimulantdrugs,themostcommonbeingRitalin.Butin1995,brainscanssuggestedthatthedistributionofRitalininthebrainwasjustlikethatofcocaine.Sincethen,researchershavebeenstudyingchildrenwithADHDtoseeifthereisalinkbetweendrugtreatmentandlatercocaineabuse.Worryingly,astudyofmorethan5000childrenwithADHDdonebytheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleysuggestedthatthosewhotookRitalinwerethreetimesmorelikelytousecocaineinadulthood.Buttheresultshavestillnotbeenpublishedandotherresearchershavearguedthatthegroupwhoweretreatedwithdrugsmayhavebeendifferent-forinstance,theirADHDmayhavebeenmoresevere.

ResearchersattheMassachusettsGeneral(word:255)MarketDominanceMarketdominanceconferspower（onbigcompanies）oversuppliersandemployeesandopensmoreopportunitiesforcostshifting.Whenamarketisdominatedbyoneorafewhugecompanies,suppliersriskbeingputoutofbusinessiftheydon'tbuckletothedemandsoftheirbigcustomers.Withtheconnivanceofanideologicallycommittedgovernment,employeeshavewatchedtheirworkingconditions,jobsecurity,benefitsandentitlementsdisappearinfrontoftheireyes.Ifemployeescontinuetoaskforwhatwe,asasociety,usedtobeabletoaffordtoofferthem,thenbigcorporationsmaysimply（just）shifttheiroperationsoverseaswherelabourisdirt-cheapandlabourandenvironmentalprotectionsarevirtuallynon-existent.Thuslowpricestocustomersarenotproofthatabusinessisoperatingefficiently.Thesedayslowpricesareaslikelytobeasignofexploitationofemployees,suppliers,customers,thebroadercommunityandtheenvironment.Whenproducersdonotpaythefullcostsofproduction,themarketmechanismfailsatafundamentallevel,andthisformoffailureisnowpervasive.Thiswayofdoingbusinessisnotsustainable.

Actinginconcertwiththisshort-sightedbusinessapproachhasbeenanovertpolicyofwithdrawalofgovernmentservicesandinvestments.RecentgovernmentshavegonebeyondeventhisagendatoexplicitlyattackinstitutionsthatresistorquestionthedirectionofpolicyinAustralia.Thecommonthemeunderlyingthesedevelopments,inbothprivateandpublicsectors,istheideologythatcompetitivefreemarketsautomaticallydeliverefficientanddesirableoutcomes.

ThelistofareasofAustraliansocietythathavebeenadverselyaffectedbythevariousmanifestationsofthisideologygrowslongerbytheweek.GlassCeilingforWomenAccordingtoonecalculation,atthecurrentpaceofchange,itwilltake177yearsforwomeninAustraliatoholdasmanyseniorbusinessmanagementrolesasmen.Howcanthatchangebeaccelerated?Severalwomenwhohavemadeittothetopvaryintheirphilosophiesonhowitcanbedone.Someseniorwomeninbusinessthinktheglassceiling(thetermforaninvisiblebarriertopromotion)doesnotexist;othersbelievetheyhavebrokenthroughit.Somesupportaffirmative-actionprograms;othersbelievethatestablishingaquotaofwomenonboardsisaformoftokenism.Allciteflexibility,peoplemanagement,communication,determinationandaviewofthebigpictureaskeyelementsinmanagementsuccess.

ThestateroundsoftheTelstraBusinessWomen'sAwards,heldinJuneandJuly,providesnapshotsofthesuccessesof,andchallengesto,womeninbusiness.Thestatewinnersareadiversegroup:ahorsetrainer,afoodindustrymanagingdirector,theheadofasuperannuationfund,apsychiatrist,acoffeeretailer,achildren'sclothingdesigner,thechiefexecutiveoftheFederalGovernment'sAustralianSportsDrugAgencyandafarmer.Allaresuccessstories,buttheirattitudestobusiness-andwomeninbusiness-areasdiverseastheindustriesinwhichtheywork.

Womenhavebeenverysuccessfulatgainingseniorrolesinsomepartsoforganisations,suchashumanresources,lawandpublicaffairs,butthoserolesarenotcoreoperationalpositionsandaregenerallynotapathtothemanagingdirector'schair.(256Words)

WhyAustraliaMustStopExportingJobsMuchhasbeenpublishedbytheeconomistsofthiscountryandacteduponbytheFederalGovernmentonthesubjectoftheso-calledlevelplayingfield.Whilemany,ifnotmost,othercountrieshavedeclinedorhavebeenslowtoimplementmeasuresinsupportofsuchtheoreticalpolicy,Australiaappearstohavemovedwithunrivalledrapidity.Wehaveimplementedpoliciesoftariffreductionsorremoval,whichhavehadadisastrouseffectuponlocalindustriesandconsequentseriousunemployment.TherotstartedwiththeWhitlamGovernmentinitsnaivetyandignorance,removingtariffbarriersacrosstheboardofupto25percent.Theresultwasaseriousblowtomanyindustries,resultinginasuddenincreaseinunemployment.Inthe’50sand’60sthiscountryproducedmuchofitsconsumergoods.Industriesdevelopedduringthewarwereconvertedfromwarproductiontoconsumerrequirements.Ourlargepercentageofworkers,comprisingskilled,semi-skilledandunskilled,wereusefullyandgainfullyemployedproducingthebasicday-to-dayneedsofthenation.Nowwehavelargepoolsofunemployedpeopleunabletoobtainajob.Thesepeopledonotwanthighereducation,theywanttoearnaliving.Ofcourse,theconsequenceofthisfoolishpolicyisthatourimportbillhasrisentoastronomicalproportionsandouroverseadebtisoutofcontrol.Thosewhoclaimthatthelevelplayingfieldpolicyisnecessarytoensureweexportminerals,primaryproductsand,toalesserextent,manufacturedgoodsarecompletelywrong.CholesterolCholesterolisafattysubstancewhichisessentialforlife.Allcellsinthebodyrequirecholesterolfortheirsurroundingwallormembraneaswellasforinternalmembranes.Thebodymakesallthecholesterolitneeds,thismeanswedon'tneedtoeatanyinourdiet.Highlevelsofcholesterolareariskfactorforcoronaryarterydisease(heartattacksandangina).Ifyourcholesterollevelis6.5mmol/Lorgreateryourriskofheartdiseaseisabout4timesgreaterthanthatofapersonwithacholesterollevelof4mmol/L.Howevernotallpeoplewithhighcholesterollevelsgetheartdiseaseasonlyabout30%ofthecommunitywilldieofheartdiseaseoverall.Mostofthesewillbeover65yearsold.Heartdiseasetakes60-70yearstodevelopsoifyoudiscoveryourcholesterollevelishighthereisnourgencytoreduceit,ie.seeyourdoctorwithinthenext2-3months,nottomorrow!Otherriskfactorsforheartdiseaseincludesmoking,highbloodpressureandobesity.

Howhighishigh?Ifyourcholesterolisbetween5.5and6.5yourriskofheartdiseaseisonlyincreasedbyasmallamount.Don’tpanic!Justmakeafewmoderatechangestoyourdiet.Howeverifyoualreadyhaveheartdiseaseoryourmotherorfatherdevelopedheartdiseaseatanearlyage(atlessthan55yearsofage)thenyouneedtomakebiggerchanges.Ifyourcholesterolishigherthan6.5thenyouneedtomakemorechanges.Ifdespitechangestoyourdietyourcholesterollevelremainsabove6.5youmayneedmedication,especiallyifyouhavetheotherriskfactorsmentionedoryouhaveabadfamilyhistoryofheartdisease.Seeyourfamilydoctor.297ComplaintsaboutSolicitorsWhatYouNeedToKnowDisputeswithandcomplaintsaboutsolicitorscoverawiderangeofissues.Sometimesclientsthinkthattheyhavebeenoverchargedorthattheirsolicitorhasnotcommunicatedsufficientlywiththemorthatheorshehasbeennegligent,incompetentorunethical.Ifyouhaveadisputeorcomplaintrelatingtoanyoftheseissues,discussitwithyoursolicitor.Oftenafrankdiscussionwillresolvetheproblem.Ifafterspeakingtoyoursolicitoryouarestillnotsatisfied,orifyoudonotwishtodiscussthematterfurtherwithyoursolicitor,youcanrequesttheProfessionalStandardsdepartmenttoassist.HowCanProfessionalStandardsAssistYou?Ifyourproblemrelatestoadisputewithyoursolicitoraboutmoney-eitherlegalcostsorfinanciallossresultingfromthesolicitor'smishandlingofyourmatter-ProfessionalStandardswillattempttoresolveyourdispute.Ifanagreementisreachedtoyoursatisfaction,awrittenrecordoftheagreementwillbepreparedbyProfessionalStandardswhichcanbeenforcedasacourtorder.Ifagreementcannotbereached,youcanreferyourdisputetotheLegalProfessionTribunal.TheLegalProfessionTribunalisindependentandhasbeensetuptohearanddecidesolicitor-clientdisputesanddisciplinarychargesbroughtagainstsolicitors.TheTribunalischairedbyaretiredjudgeanditsmembers,includingalayperson,areappointedforfiveyearterms.TheservicesoutlinedaboveareprovidedfreeofchargebyProfessionalStandards.(251words)LotsofFruitinChildhoodCutsAdultCancerRiskAdultswhohadbeenfedplentyoffruitwhentheywerechildrenarelesslikelytosufferfromcertaintypesofcancer,BritishscientistssaidonWednesday.Amedicalstudyofnearly4,000menandwomenshowedthatthemorefruitstheadultshadeatenwhentheywereyoungthelesslikelytheyweretosufferfromlung,bowelandbreastcancer."Thisstudyshowsthatchildhoodfruitconsumptionmayhavealongtermprotectiveeffectoncancerriskinadulthood,"Dr.MariaMaynardoftheMedicalResearchCouncilinLondonsaid.Alloftheadultsinthestudyhadfilledinafoodinventoryduringthe1930sforaresearchstudylookingintotheeatinghabitsoffamiliesinruralandurbanareasofEnglandandScotland.MaynardandhercolleaguesstudiedthemedicalrecordsofthegroupuptoJuly2000,bywhichtime483casesofcancerhadbeendiagnosed.Inadditiontofewercasesofcancer,ahighconsumptionoffruitwasassociatedwithalowerdeathratefromallcauses.Fruitsareloadedwithantioxidants,vitaminsandothernutrients,whichcanhelptopreventgeneticdamagethatcanleadtothedevelopmentofcancer.ThescientistsalsostudiedtheimpactofvitaminsC,Eandbetacaroteneoncancerbuttheydidnotfindanyevidencethatindividualantioxidantswereasprotectiveasfruit.BackyardbiodiversityThegreatAustralianbackyardisabouttobetransformedfromtraditionalmanicuredlawnsandrosegardensintosanctuariesfornativespecies.Anetworkofgardencentresandnurseriesacrossthecountrywillbeginanationalcampaigntoencouragegardenerstoplantnativeplantsinsteadofexotics.Theideaistobringbacknativebirds,frogs,lizardsandbutterfliesintotheestimatedonemillionsuburbanbackyards.“Ourresearchshowspeoplewanttodotherightthingandarelookingforpracticalthingstodointheirbackyards.”Wewanttoencouragepeopletoreturnsomenativebiodiversitytothebackyard,whetheritjustbeplantinggrevillianexttotherosebushorcompletelyrippingoutthegardenandstartingagain.TheprojectisbackedbytheFederalGovernmenttocounterthedeclineinnativespecies.A$500,000granthasbeenawardedtothenurseryindustrybyEnvironmentMinisterRobertHillundertheNaturalHeritageTrusttokick-starttheFloraandFaunaproject,whichwillofficiallybegininNovemberandhasalreadyattractedmorethan200gardencentres.Theaimistoretrainnurserystafftoadvisecustomerswhatsortofnativeplantswouldbebestsuitedtotheirgardensandwhatsortofanimalstheywouldattract.Allnativespecieswillalsobesubjecttoauniformlabelingsystemthroughoutgardencentres.Awebsitewillalsobedevelopedwithanextensivelistofallnativeplantspeciesandthenativefaunaspeciesthatwouldusethem.WordCount:251wordsScienceaskeytoprosperityThecorrelationbetweeneconomicprospectsandexpertiseintheso-calledenablingsciencesisalmostaspreciseastheequationsthatexpressthosedisciplinesofmathematics,physicsandchemistry(and,byextension,engineering).Knowledgeeconomiesthatletthesciencesslipareafflictedbyrelativedecline.Enablingsciencesarethefoundationsofscientificdiscoveryandtechnologicaladvancement,thebuildingblocksofenhancedlivingstandards.DespitewarningshotsacrossthebowsofAustralianshipsofstate,however,thesesciencesarestuckinamireofgovernmentinactionandpublicennui.ThelatestcalltoactioncomesfromaCanberrameetingofindustry,researchandbureaucracy.ItincludedawarningfromQueensland'schiefscientist,PeterAndrews,thatAustralianeedsanextra75,000scientists(mostwithPhDsintheenablingsciences)withinsixyearsjusttokeeppacewiththeresearchcapabilitiesofcomparablemoderneconomies.Since1969thenumberofPhDchemistrygraduateshashalvedasaproportionofthepopulation.Theimpactonresearchisharsh.Thenumbersofpeopledoinghighersciencedegreesbycoursework,forexample,increasedby122percentoverthepast10years,comparedwitha5.5percentriseinthenumberpursuinghigherdegreesthroughresearch.Whatcanbedone?Strategiesarebeingdevelopedtoraisescience'svocationalprofileandaparliamentarycommitteeisinvestigatingwaystomaketheschool-to-universitytransitionmoreseamlessandtheencouragementtodosomoreconsistentandvigorous.ButEuropeandNorthAmericahavebeenmoreinnovativeincounteringsimilartrends.Australia'sfirststepsshouldbetoacknowledgetheproblemandtomusterenthusiasmtoconfrontit.Onlythenwillrealreformstakeroot.WordCount:279Source:SydneyMorningHerald,12August2004CAPITALISEONSCIENCESKILLSMediacoverageofformerseniorCSIRO(CommonwealthScience&IndustrialResearchOrganisation)scientist’sviewsontheCSIROispartofabiggerandongoingdebatethatneedsextensivepublicdiscussion.Aharshtruthneedstobeconfronted:Australiaisaleaderinmanyfieldsofsciencebutremainspooratthebusinessofscience.

Itisinthiscontextthatwemustassessscientists'concernsaboutthefundingofpublic-sectorscience,thethreatofdecliningstrategicandbasicresearchrelativetoappliedscience,andspecificissuessuchasexternalearningstargetsforCSIRO.

Australiacontinuestositonintellectualproperty,notknowingwhattodowithit,orgivesitawaytomoreentrepreneurialnations.Thisisnotduetolackoffundingbutlackofappropriatelyplacedbusinessexpertise.Thisispartlyduetofactorsofcultureandattitude.

WhenAustralianscienceisdeployedwiththesupportofveryscarcedomesticventurecapital,itoftenendsupintrouble.Whenoursciencelinkstointernationalventurecapital,wetendnottosecureapartnershipthatallowsustocapturethebenefitanddevelopcommercialisationcompetencies.

Giventheattitudesofscientistsandpublic-sectorsciencemanagers,thisshortcomingisnosurprise.AnendemicculturalantipathyexistsbetweenAustralianpublic-sectorandacademicscientistsandtheworldofbusiness.WhilethisisnotexclusivetoAustralia,itseemstobeparticularlystronghere.Therearesomeexceptions,butasageneralphenomenonitisdifficulttooverstatetheproblem.

Whyisthishappening?Whatarethedrivers?Australiadoessufferfrom"uglyentrepreneursyndrome",whileforAmericans,withwhomoursciencecompetes,"entrepreneur"haspositiveassociations.WHOrevisesSARScasedefinitionWHOhastodayupdateditscasedefinitionforSARStotakeintoaccounttheappropriateuseofresultsfromlaboratorytests.SeveraldiagnostictestshavebeendevelopedbyvariouslaboratoriesforthedetectionoftheSARSvirusandantibodiestothevirus.However,allpresentlyavailabletestshavespecificstrengthsandweaknesses.Forthisreason,WHOcontinuestoadvisecliniciansthatpatientsshouldnothavetheircasedefinitioncategorydowngradedwhileawaitingresultsoflaboratorytestingoronthebasisofnegativeresults.WHOisconcernedthatinappropriateuseoflaboratoryresultscanhaveanegativeimpactonpatientmanagementandselectionofanappropriatelevelofinfectioncontrol.Therefore,negativetestresultsfortheSARSviruscannotbeusedtoexcludeinfectionineithersuspectorprobablecases.Incontrast,positiveresultsofquality–assuredlaboratorytestingcanaddtotheefficacyofSARScasemanagement,providedtestsareproperlyconductedandinterpreted.Positivevirusresultsfromlabtestsdemonstratethatthepatientisexcretingvirus,oritsgeneticmaterial,andthusmightposeariskofdiseasetransmissiontoothers.Consequently,suspectSARScaseswithapositivelabresult(virusisolationorPCR)shouldbeclassifiedandreportedasprobablecases.來(lái)自實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)的陽(yáng)性病毒檢測(cè)結(jié)果證明病患會(huì)不斷分泌病毒，或者病毒的遺傳物質(zhì)，因此可能造成把疾病傳播給他人的危險(xiǎn)。WHO,supportedbymembersofitslaboratorynetworkforSARSdiagnosisandtheRobert-KochInstitute,Germany,ismakingstandardizedreagentsavailabletoimprovereliabilityandsupportthequalityassuranceofdiagnostictestsforSARS.得到其非典型性肺炎診斷實(shí)驗(yàn)室網(wǎng)絡(luò)成員們以及德國(guó)羅伯特-考茨學(xué)院支持的世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO），正在制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化試劑，這種試劑可以改善非典型性肺炎診斷實(shí)驗(yàn)的可靠性并為此項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的質(zhì)量保障提供支持。WordCount:243Source:/csr/don/20030501/en/Category:HealthDeregulatedairportstobenefitinvestment解除管制機(jī)場(chǎng)以使投資收益TheFederalGovernment’sdecisiontoderegulateairportchargeswillboosttheincomeofinvestmentfundsexposedtotheairportindustry,accordingtoanalysts.據(jù)分析家說(shuō)，聯(lián)邦政府解除管制機(jī)場(chǎng)費(fèi)用的決定將增加受機(jī)場(chǎng)行業(yè)影響的投資基金的收入。AustralianInfrastructureFund,whichhasexposuretoMelbourne,PerthandthreeNorthernTerritoryairports,willbethemostimmediatebeneficiaryasatleasttwoofthemareexpectedtoputupchargessignificantlyinthesecondhalfoftheyear.擁有位于墨爾本，帕斯，及三個(gè)北部地區(qū)機(jī)場(chǎng)的澳大利亞基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)基金（AustralianInfrastructureFund），將是最快的收益人。因?yàn)槿藗冾A(yù)計(jì)這些機(jī)場(chǎng)中至少有兩個(gè)會(huì)在今年下半年大幅提高收費(fèi)。FollowingareportbytheProductivityCommission,theFederalGovernmentwillscrapthepresentpriceregulations