第6講.完形填空-詞匯填空(教案教學(xué)設(shè)計)

第六講完形填空詞匯填空篇【考點說明】完形填空除了傳統(tǒng)四選一的形式之外，也可能會出現(xiàn)一些變化，如將空缺所需答案放在一起，并給出多余幾個選擇，共同組成一個詞庫，而考生則根據(jù)文章意思以及空缺上下文語境進行選擇填詞，并根據(jù)需要進行詞形的變換，英文名稱為BankCloze，類似于大學(xué)英語四級考試中的15選10題型。北約聯(lián)盟2011年和2012年自招考試英語皆出現(xiàn)了15選10題型。除此之外，2011北約自招英語考試還出現(xiàn)了首字母完形填空題型。盡管完形填空考察形式多樣，但萬變不離其宗，只要掌握了完形填空考查的重點和答題技巧，一切問題皆可迎刃而解?！绢}型特點分析】15選10：方框給出供選擇的15個詞，語篇中留出10個空格，選詞補全語篇。所提供的詞匯詞性主要是名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞四種詞性。解這類題涉及到句子成分、上下文語境、詞匯的詞性和詞義。首字母填空：語篇中留出一定數(shù)量的空格，大多為10個空格，每個空格提供了首字母。解這類題涉及到句子成分、上下文語境、詞匯的詞性和詞義?！窘忸}技巧】通讀全文，抓住中心（首段，首句原則）閱讀選項，詞性分類（注意分析動詞時態(tài)）全盤考慮，靈活選擇（根據(jù)所需詞性縮小范圍）復(fù)讀全文，核查答案（快速復(fù)讀，用語感判斷是否通順準(zhǔn)確）答題技巧一：確定空白處詞性注意：1.遇到動詞進行二次分類：確定時態(tài)，確定是第三人稱單數(shù)還是非第三人稱單數(shù)；但應(yīng)注意動詞+ed型的有兩種可能性，動詞或形容詞；遇到名詞要確定單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。2．不認(rèn)識的單詞，看后綴。構(gòu)詞法中，前綴表明意思，后綴表明詞性。所以看一個詞的后綴，往往能大致分出詞性。3．詞性一時無法確定的，暫時擱置，不必糾纏，影響全局。4．作出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記?？芍苯佑米约鹤钋宄姆柷宄?biāo)在每個詞前后，不清楚的都標(biāo)問號。以下情況，空白處為動詞：n./pron.vt.n./pron.前有名詞后有名詞，中間謂語動詞n./pron.vi.前有名詞后無名詞，謂語動詞不及物n./pron.vi.adv./prep.前有名詞后有介詞副詞，謂語動詞不及物n./pron.linkv./beadj.前有名詞后有形容詞，be動詞或系動詞tov.前有不定式to，后動詞原形注意：確定空白處為動詞，還需根據(jù)上下文確定正確形式以下情況，空白處為分詞：過去分詞：has/have/hadp.p（完成時態(tài)）bep.p（被動語態(tài)）p.pn.或n.p.p（過去分詞做形容詞，表示被動或已發(fā)生）現(xiàn)在分詞：be-ing（進行時態(tài)）-ingn.或n.-ing（現(xiàn)在分詞做形容詞，表示主動或正在進行）prep.–ing（介詞賓語）以下情況，空白處為名詞：（名詞通常作主語或動詞/介詞的賓語）a/then.前有冠詞n.v.空白后為謂語動詞prep.n.空白前為介詞，則空白處為名詞或動名詞（注意：根據(jù)空白處前的冠詞和上下文判斷所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；根據(jù)空白處后的謂語動詞的形式判斷所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)）形容詞：adj.n.n.adj.空白前后是名詞adv.adj.空白前是副詞linkv.／beadj.be動詞或系動詞后接形容詞做表語副詞：adv.v.或v.adv.副詞修飾動詞，表示程度狀態(tài)adv.adj.副詞可修飾形容詞adv.從句，有些副詞做句子的狀語，表示轉(zhuǎn)折因果等邏輯關(guān)系答題技巧二：確定考點需要積極意義還是消極意義，繼而縮小選擇范圍。Sample:Theclassroomoffersopportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith,peacefulones.【解析】根據(jù)語法判斷此處為形容詞，與peaceful一樣具有積極意義，與前文的angry,violent詞義色彩相反，那么comprehensive,cooperative,entire應(yīng)選擇cooperative。答題技巧三：介詞后一定是名詞或動名詞做賓語．注意：to（介詞&動詞不定式）to的短語接動名詞:abandononeselfto（沉溺于）,adhereto（堅持）,stickto（堅持，信守）,clingto（堅持，忠于）,admitto（承認(rèn)）,confessto（承認(rèn)）,contributeto（做貢獻）,feelupto（感覺能勝任）,getdownto（開始著手做）,giveone’smindto（專心）,givewayto（讓步）,yieldto（屈服）,leadto（導(dǎo)致）,lookforwardto（渴望）,objectto（反對）,taketo（開始從事，喜歡）,turnto（求助）,succumbto（屈服）,seeto（照顧，料理）,getusedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,becommittedto,bededicatedto,bedevotedto,beopposedto,bereducedto,besubjectto（受支配的，常遭受）,submitto（順從，屈服）答題技巧四：利用不定冠詞(a/an)判斷考點是否為元音開頭，縮小選擇范圍Sample:Husbandandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a____thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.(scale,potential,gap,extreme,purchase,situation)【解析】作someofthesejobs的同位語，以輔音開頭的名詞。這里的situation意思是：（正〉職業(yè),職位,工作。例：InAugusthewasappointedtothesituationofsecretary.在八月份,他被指定擔(dān)任秘書。答題技巧五：充分利用詞庫中的近義詞或反義詞（注意：若詞庫中出現(xiàn)一對近義或反義詞，其中一個必定是干擾項。反義詞考查學(xué)生對文章語境色彩的辨析，只需要辨析考點單詞是積極還是消極意義，就不難排除。近義詞考查考生對詞匯搭配用法的掌握，需要學(xué)生牢記近義詞的各種用法及搭配。）Sample:A)gravelyB)respectC)limitedD)specializeE)seriouslyF)promotingG)involvesH)relievedI)significantJ)magnificentK)rangeL)issuesM)resultN)determiningO)complicatedTimeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain48.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein49aperson’swell-being.【解析】此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，考查近義詞辨析。takesth.seriously為固定搭配）答題技巧六：注意一詞多性：詞庫中的詞有的既是名詞又是動詞，有些分詞也可以充當(dāng)形容詞，確定空白處所需單詞詞性后要全面考慮詞庫中的單詞詞性，不能遺漏．Sample:respect：n./v.尊敬，尊重result：n.結(jié)果；v.結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生range：n.范圍，幅度，山脈；v.歸類于，延伸典例精講1A)estimate；B)strength；C)deliberately；D)notify；E)tropical；F)phenomenon；G)stable；H)attraction；I)completely；J)destructive；K)starvation；L)bringing；M)exhaustion；N)worth；O)strikeEINinoisthenamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthepacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds(信風(fēng)),whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5℃（degreescentigrade）.Thewarningoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humidairovertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.IntheWestPacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.EINinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1982-83EINinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.The1990EINinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists54thistobethelongestEINinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanEINinowill55,buttheyarestillnot56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.【解析】辨析詞性把十五個選項按詞性分別歸入名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等類別。名詞：B,F,H,K,M（B的后綴th,H、K、M的tion都是名詞后綴）謂語動詞：A,D,O（A的-ate極可能是動詞，D的-fy為動詞后綴）非謂語動詞：L（-ing結(jié)尾）形容詞：E,G,J（E的-cal,G的able,J的tive是形容詞后綴）副詞：C和I（ly加在形容詞后為副詞后綴）注意：即使從沒見過，也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性，詞性有時比詞義還重要。詞性并不總是固定的，有些不認(rèn)識的或無法確定的，如N)worth(adj./n.)，可先擱置，不要過度糾纏。綜合解題將選項分類之后，就得從文章中來尋找對應(yīng)的線索了。選項與文章匹配的因素有兩個，第一是詞性，第二是詞義。所以在讀文章時，要通過各種手段來確定空格的詞性與意義。（一）確定詞性，確定選項的選擇范圍1）關(guān)于動詞的判斷前后都是名詞短語，中間是動詞。根據(jù)一句（包括從句）有且只有一個謂語動詞的原則，其它地方如無謂語動詞，則需要謂語動詞；反之則不需要謂語動詞。Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanElNinowill55,but..(will后面必然是原形動詞，一起構(gòu)成謂語)55.OstrikeScientists54thistobethelongestElNinofor2,000years.（此句后只有一個tobe，是非謂語動詞，故空格必為謂語動詞；且空格前后均為名詞性，也基本確定它是動詞。）54.Aestimate一個完整的句子之后再跟逗號，后面一般是非謂語動詞短語。TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.（前面是一個完整的句子，逗號后跟的，一般是非謂語動詞短語。此題選項中非謂語動詞只有一個。）50.Lbringing2）其它詞的判斷形容詞或名詞修飾名詞，限定詞（the,this,that,a,my之類）后必有名詞Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.（這個/種奇怪的？，需要一個名詞）47.FphenomenonThehot,humidairovertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.（嚴(yán)重的？風(fēng)暴，可能是形容詞，也可能是名詞）49.EtropicalElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1981-83ElNinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.（前面是最高級的修飾語，自然是形容詞。）52.Jdestructive副詞修飾形容詞或動詞…,buttheyarestillnot56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.（修飾形容詞sure,當(dāng)為副詞）56.Icompletely謂語動詞前有名詞主語Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.（happens是謂語動詞，也可知前面為名詞短語，缺一個核心名詞。）47.Fphenomenon介詞后面必有名詞Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5°C.（在介詞in的后面，當(dāng)為名詞無疑，此處整個短語來修飾lessen減少，當(dāng)為在某個方面減少。）48.Bstrength（二）句里句外，猜測詞義一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾詞直接的搭配關(guān)系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被什么修飾，與什么形成主謂賓關(guān)系?？匆环N關(guān)系不行就看另一個，靈活處之。Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.（strange修飾47，也許看不出來是什么，再看47與happen形成主謂關(guān)系，能夠發(fā)生的是什么？最好的當(dāng)然是現(xiàn)象。）47.Fphenomenon二看邏輯：1．句內(nèi)(狀語從句，解釋，并列等)Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5°C.（此句有一個狀語從句，as表示的時間或因果關(guān)系，是重要的解題線索。風(fēng)的什么減少，溫度就上升，當(dāng)然是風(fēng)的速度或風(fēng)力。）48.BstrengthSowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.（空格與前面兩個名詞并列，意味著意思相近。與干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易選出starvation饑荒。）51.Kstarvation前文（指代等、句間連詞）Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.（This告訴我們，此處是重提前面講到過的某個事物。前面講到過的核心概念就是ElNino,無疑是一種天氣“現(xiàn)象”。）47.Fphenomenon表示可從前文找相應(yīng)線索的有兩類。與this一大類的還有：this/these/such;thesame/similar;worse/better/more/less等。還有就是表示邏輯關(guān)系的句間連詞，或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下：遞進：Moreover/furthermore/what’smore/besides/inaddition/even/also轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but/rather/instead因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence3．后文ElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1981-83ElNinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.段落開始部分，提出一個總的概括性的說法。往往在下文有分述。ElNino究竟帶來的是什么樣的天氣，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52.Jdestructive(dead,damage)三看習(xí)慣用法：固定搭配Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.（此處考的是worth這個詞的特殊用法。它本是一個形容詞，但可用…worthofsth.,來表明價值某物的某東西。）53.Nworthe.g.Thefirecausedthousandsofpounds'worthofdamage.三、帶項檢查帶入已選答案，重新通讀文章以核對其是否邏輯語意正確。2invest,justify,activity,basically,run,inside,opportunity,interest,generally,offer,design,urban,translate,theme,lead,focus,conduct,build,entertainment,baseTheExpo2010-ShanghaiChinaisessentiallyaWorld'sfair.Atthisfair,189countries1structures,called：."pavilions",toshowcasethearchitecture,styleand2ofthepavilions,aswellaspresentdisplays,presentations,andavarietyofprogramming3thepavilions.TherearealsomanyorganizationsandcorporationsthatparticipateintheExpobybuildingpavilionsrelatedtotheirownspecial4.ThemainpurposeoftheExpoistoshowcasewhateveritisthateachcountryhasto5withhopesthatpeopleorcorporationsfromothercountrieswillbeimpressedanddecideto6business.inthatcountry.Thearchitecture,thethemes,andthedisplaysinsideofthepavilionsareall7topromotethebenefitsofthevariouscountries.8，thecountriesaretryingto"brand"or"sell"themselvestotherestoftheworldwithhopesthatitwill9intomoreopportunitiesfortheircountries.Althoughtheamazingarchitectureofthepavilionsalonewould10avisittoExpo2010，peoplecanalsoseeKungFushows,parades,musicalperformances,andplentyofadditional11ThelocationofExpo2010coversmorethan2squaremilesandislocatedontheshoresoftheHuangpuRiverinShanghai.TheExpo12fromMay1，2010throughOctober31，2010.ThethemeoftheExpois"BetterCity,BetterLife",andmanyofthethemesare13onsustainability,betterqualityoflife,andotherpositive14growthmessages.Expo2010reallypresentsagood15tolearnfromothercountries,toseewhattheyfocuson,whattheythinkisimportant,andhowtheydealwithvariousissues.(南京大學(xué)2008，改編)【答案】build【解析】在2010年上海世博會上，有189個國家建造展館……【答案】theme【解析】每個展館都有自己的建筑特點、風(fēng)格和主題?！敬鸢浮縤nside【解析】顯然此空應(yīng)該選擇一個介詞，表示“在世博館里面”的意思。【答案】interests【解析】建造者根據(jù)自己特別的興趣建造世博館，因此每個世博館都各有特色，風(fēng)格迥異?！敬鸢浮縪ffer【解析】舉辦世博會的主要目的就是真實地展示每個國家提供的任何東西?！敬鸢浮縞onduct【解析】conductbusiness屬于固定搭配，表示“經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)”?！敬鸢浮縟esigned【解析】bedesignedto表示“為某目的或用途而制造或者計劃”?！敬鸢浮緽asically【解析】此空應(yīng)選擇副詞，為了強調(diào)接下來的命題，basically表示“本質(zhì)上、實際上”的意思?！敬鸢浮縯ranslate【解析】如果AtranslatesintoB，那么B的發(fā)生是由A引起的。【答案】justify【解析】justifyavisit表示“很值得去參觀”?！敬鸢浮縠ntertainment【解析】此空與前面的show,parades,performance等詞對應(yīng)，是這些詞的概括?！敬鸢浮縭uns【解析】run表示“持續(xù)不中斷多長時間”?！敬鸢浮縡ocused【解析】世博會的主題聚焦于持續(xù)發(fā)展、更美好的生活和其他積極的城市發(fā)展的訊息。【答案】urban【解析】2力1?年世博會的主題是“城市，讓生活更美好”，因此這里應(yīng)該是urban?！敬鸢浮縪pportunity【解析】-presentopportunity表示“提供機會”的意思。3encourage,approach,meaningful,put,feedback,outlook,process,lack,powerful,purpose,useful,access,mean,stimulate,have,overcoming,conscious,information,intention,positiveTounderstandwhatapersonaldevelopmentcoachdoes,youmustfirstunderstandwhatpersonaldevelopment1Personaldevelopmentisapathtowardswellbeingthroughbehaviormodificationandself-improvementtechniques.Simply2，itisbeingabletoenjoyyourlifeina3waybyimprovingyourselfandcircumstances.Itcanbeimprovingyourselfinoneareaoracompleteoverhaul(徹底檢查）ofyourlife.Typically,personalgrowthisaconsistent4donepurposelydaily.Formanypeople,self-improvementisacontinualnecessary5Byimprovingourselves,wedramaticallyimproveouroutcomesandopportunities.Butformanywishingtochange,they6theknowledgeortoolstodoso.Thisiswherepersonaldevelopmentcoachescameaboard.Personaldevelopmentcoachingwascreatedespeciallytoeducateand7individualswhodesireda8visionfortheirlife.Called"LifeCoaches”，theseteachersembrace9strategiesforself-managementandpersonalgrowth.Therearedifferentcategoriesoflifecoaches.Eachlifecoachhashisspecialtyareaandunique10.Someteachhowtochangehabits,whilesomeembracemorespiritualdesignplatforms.Personaldevelopmentcoachingcanincludeanythingfromhowtoimproveyourrelationshipsto11publicspeaking.Whateverweakareasexistinyourlife,alifecoachcanbecalledintostrengthenandencourage.Alifecoachcanhelpyouredefineyour12forliving.Theyhavetheskillandresourcesneededtore-directyourlifeintoamore13existence.Everybodyneedsastrongsupportsystemandreinforcingpositive14.Itisthefoodnecessaryforgoodmentalhealth,andforpersonalgrowth.Noteverybodyhas15toaqualitysupportsystem.Justasapersonalbodytrainerwhipsapersonintophysicalshape,alifecoachwhipsaperson'slifeintoshape.(南京大學(xué)2008，改編）【答案】means【解析】此空的下一句給出了personaldevelopment(個人發(fā)展）的定義，顯然這里應(yīng)該選擇means(意思是）?！敬鸢浮縫ut【解析】simplyput屬于固定搭配，常單獨使用，表示“簡單地說”?！敬鸢浮縞onscious【解析】前面提到的behaviormodification(行為的改善）和self-improvementtechniques（自身提高的技術(shù)），這些都是人們有意識的行為方式?！敬鸢浮縤ntention【解析】此空需要一個名詞，并且和后面的purposefully在意思上接近，因此選擇intention,表示“意圖，目的”?！敬鸢浮縫rocess【解析】自我提升不是一蹴而就的事情，有一個持續(xù)的必要的過程?！敬鸢浮縧ack【解析】此空前面的介詞短語前出現(xiàn)了but，可以判斷出此處表示他們（那些希望發(fā)生變化的人)缺乏相關(guān)知識?！敬鸢浮縠ncourage【解析】此空和前面的educate呈現(xiàn)并列關(guān)系，因此在意思上應(yīng)該較為接近。【答案】positive【解析】既然想提高自身，自然對生活有著積極的想象?！敬鸢浮縫owerful【解析】既然能成為教練，當(dāng)然有一套行之有效的教學(xué)策略?！敬鸢浮縜pproach【解析】從后面的句子來看，此空應(yīng)該選擇approach(教學(xué)方法）。【答案】overcoming【解析】overcomepublicspeaking表示“克服在公共場所講話的焦慮或者恐懼”。【答案】purpose【解析】生活教練的最大作用就是幫助你找到活著的方向和目標(biāo)?！敬鸢浮縨eaningful【解析】經(jīng)過生活教練的訓(xùn)練，找到生活目的的人會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的存在更有意義。【答案】feedback【解析】reinforcepositivefeedback表示“加強積極的反饋”?！敬鸢浮縜ccess【解析】haveaccessto屬于固定搭配，表示“接觸，獲得”?！菊骖}模擬題訓(xùn)練】AA.happensB.professionsC.senseD.neverthelessE.fashionedF.distanceG.immediateH.usuallyI.occupationsJ.preservedK.imitateL.provideM.thereforeNreserved0.contributeLookingbackonyearsoflivinginaworking-classhomeintheNorthofEngland,Ishouldsaythatagoodlivingroommust11threeprincipalthings:homeliness,warmthandplentyofgoodfood.Theliving-roomisthewarmheartofthefamilyand12oftenslightlystuffytoamiddle-classvisitor.Itisnotasocialcentrebutafamilycenter;littleentertaininggoesonthereorinthefrontroom,ifthere13tobeone;youdonotentertaininanythingapproachingthemiddle-class14Thewife'ssociallifeoutsideher15familyisfoundoverthewashing-line,atthelittleshoponthecorner,visitingrelativesatamoderate16occasionally,andperhapsnowandagainavisitwithherhusbandtohispuborclub.Apartfromthesetwoplaces,hehasjusthisworkandhisfootballmatches.Theywillhave,eachofthem,friendsatalltheseplaces,whomaywellnotknowwhattheinsideoftheirhouseislike,havingnever"steppedacrossthethreshold,"astheold17phrasehasit.Thefamilyhearthis18forthefamilyitself,andthosewhoare"somethingtous"(anotherfavoriteformula)andwholookinforatalkorjusttosit.Muchofthefreetimeofamanandhiswifewill19bepassedatthathearth.Juststayinginisstilloneofthemostcommonleisure-time20.Keys:11.L12.M13.A14.C15.G16.F17.E18.N19.H20.IBA.signsB.sufficientlyC.locatingD.affectE.merelyF.magicG.hintsH.carefullyI.findingJ.messageK.flightL.probableM.revealingN.basedO.informationFlyingoveradesertareainanairplane,twoscientistslookeddownwithtrainedeyesattreesandbushes.Afteranhour's11oneofthescientistswroteinhisbook,"Lookherefor12metal."Scientistsinanotherairplane,flyingoveramountainregion,senta13tootherscientistsontheground,"Goldpossible."Walkingacrosshillyground,fourscientistsreported,"Thisgroundshouldbesearchedformetals."Fromanairplaneoverahillywastelandascientistsentbackbyradiooneword,"Uranium."NoneofthescientistshadX-rayeyes:theyhadno14powersforlookingdownbelowtheearth'ssurface.Theywere15puttingtouseoneofthenewestmethodsof16mineralsintheground—usingtreesandplantsas17thatcertainmineralsmayliebeneaththegroundonwhichthetreesandplantsaregrowing.Thisnewestmethodofsearchingformineralsis18onthefactthatmineralsdeepintheearthmay19thekindofbushesandtreesthatgrowonthesurface.AtWatsonBarCreek,abrooksixthousandfeethighinthemountainsofBritishColumbia,Canada,amineralsearchgroupgatheredbagsoftreeseeds.Boxeswerefilledwithsmallbranchesfromthetrees.Rootsweredugandputintoboxes.Eachbagandboxwas20marked.Inascientificlaboratorythepartsoftheforesttreeswereburnedtoashesandtested.Eachsmallpartwasexaminedtolearnwhetherthereweremineralsinit.Keys:11.K12.L13.J14.F15.E16.C17.A18.N19.D20.HCA.everB.escapeC.intenseD.responseE.avoidsF.evenG.expressH.realizationI.severeJ.lessenK.denseL.periodM.harmN.lackO.normalWhenapersonfeelslow,blue,ordownintheclumps,itusuallymeanshehasbeenhurt,disappointed,orsaddenedbysomethingthatcausesaconfusedandlistlessfeeling.Thereis11atypeofmusiccalled"theblue",alow,mournful,sadsoundto12theseuniversalhumanfeelings.Depressionisanothernameforthismood.Feelingdepressedisanormalandnatural13toexperiencesofloss,failure,andundeservedbadluck.Indeed,ithasbeenpointedoutthatwithoutdepression,wewould14muchoftheworld'sgreattragicliterature,music,andart.Insomecases,however,depressionbecomessomethingmorethanjust15feelingsofbluesorletdown.Alargenumberofpeoplesufferfromwhatpsychiatristscall"depressiveillness."Depressiveillnessismore16andlastslongerthancommonlistlessfeelings.Sometimesaserious17ofdepressioncanbeginwiththelossofalovedoneorachangeofjob.Manytimes,invery18cases,theredoesn'tseemtobeanycircumstanceseriousenoughtohavecausedthedepression.Somepsychiatristssuggestthatthekeyfeatureindepressionischange.Thepersonbecomesdifferentfromthewaybeforethe