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目錄
2000年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語
真題及詳解
2001年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語
真題及詳解
2002年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語
真題及詳解
2003年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語
真題及詳解
2004年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語
真題及詳解
2005年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語
真題及詳解
2006年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語
真題及詳解
2007年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語
真題及詳解
2008年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院725基礎(chǔ)英
語真題及詳解
2009年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院723基礎(chǔ)英
語真題及詳解
2010年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院740基礎(chǔ)英
語真題及詳解
2011年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院724基礎(chǔ)英
語真題及詳解
2012年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院734基礎(chǔ)英
語真題及詳解
2000年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語真題及詳解
PartI.Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences(10%):
1.Whengettingoutofbed,histoehitthedresser.
【答案】When(hewas)gettingoutofbed,histoehitthedresser.
【解析】本句的主句和分句主語不一致,分句主語不能省略。
2.Tothinkclearly,somelogicisimportant.
【答案】Tothinkclearly,some(delete)logicisimportant.
【解析】這里的logic是指作為整體的邏輯,表示整體不用some。
3.Afterhehadlecturedthirtyyears,theaveragestudentstillseemed
average.
【答案】Afterhehadlectured(for)thirtyyears,theaveragestudentstill
seemedaverage.
【解析】過去完成時應(yīng)該用可持續(xù)的時間狀語,所以加for表示一段時
間。
4.Mauricedecidedtocompletehissecondyearatcollege,lookforajob,
andthenheandEvawouldgetmarried.
【答案】Mauricedecidedtocompletehissecondyearatcollege,look
(looking)forajob,andthenheandEvawouldgetmarried.
【解析】從句中不能出現(xiàn)look這種獨立的謂語結(jié)構(gòu),必須變成分詞形式
looking。
5.Anexampleofhersnobberyiswhenshecriticizesherneighborsfortheir
ungrammaticalspeech.
【答案】Anexampleofhersnobberyiswhen(that)shecriticizesher
neighborsfortheirungrammaticalspeech.
【解析】本句的主語是example,表語應(yīng)該是名詞性從句,所以不能用
when引導(dǎo)。
6.Thereasonthebrakesfailedisbecausethebrakefluidwasaccidentally
removed.
【答案】Thereasonthebrakesfailedisbecause(that)thebrakefluidwas
accidentallyremoved.
【解析】thereason與because重復(fù),去掉一個即可。
7.Ispenthoursworkingoutadetailedbudget,butitdidnotsolvemy
financialproblems.
【答案】Ispenthoursworkingoutadetailedbudget,butitdid(could)not
solvemyfinancialproblems.
【解析】這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我做出的預(yù)算能不能解決財政問題,而不是有沒
有解決。
8.Thecousinsfoughtondifferentsidesinthewar,whichtoretheirfamily
apart.
【答案】Thecousinsfoughtondifferent(opposite)sidesinthewar,which
toretheirfamilyapart.
【解析】戰(zhàn)爭只有兩方,而different可以代表多方,所以用opposite。
9.Afterhoursoffrustratingdiscussion,anagreementontheverdictwas
finallyreachedbythejury.
【答案】Afterhoursoffrustratingdiscussion,anagreementontheverdict
wasfinallyreachedby(between)thejury.
【解析】jury是一個可以作單數(shù)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,在這里指判決結(jié)
果在陪審團(tuán)的成員中達(dá)成一致,那么這里的jury即表示復(fù)數(shù)(陪審團(tuán)的
所有成員),介詞用between。
10.Susanhatedmathinhighschooleventhoughshemajoredinstatisticsat
university.
【答案】(Eventhough)Susanhatedmathinhighschooleventhoughshe
majoredinstatisticsatuniversity.
【解析】本句的時間順序顛倒,所以應(yīng)將條件從句改為第一分句。
PartII.Cloze(20%):
Directions:Fillinthefollowingblankswithappropriatewords.Thefirst
letterofeachwordhasalreadybeengiven.
Ifteachingistober_____astheimportantjobthatitis,pridemustfirstbe
generatedwithintheprofessionitself.Onewaytodothiswouldbetohavea
morerigorousandeffectivesetofcriteriathatapplicantsmustm_____
beforetheyareallowede_____intotheprofession.MarleenC.Pugachofthe
UniversityofIllinoishasrecommendedasetofcriteriathatwouldfunction
togethertoprovide“entry-levelhurdlestoencourageselfselection,toserve
asinitialpointsintheprocessofcontinuousjudgmentofstudentp_____,and
toassistfacultymembersinmakingd___,betweenapplicantsbasedon
multifaceteddata.”Pugachrecommendstheseselectioncriteria:(1)basic
skillstesting,c_____ofentry-leveltestsinreading,mathematics,andwritten
andoralcommunication;(2)aminimumgradepointa_____;(3)astructured
interviewtoa_____theapplicant’spersonalqualities.
AnothercriterionusedinuniversitiessuchasOregonStateandNorthern
Kentuckyisalsohelpfulinselectings_____candidates.Studentsmust
successfullycompleteatwo-tofive-dayfull-responsibilityteaching
experiencep_____tobeingacceptedintoateacher-trainingprogram.The
numberofdrop-outsi_____fromapproximately5%to25%.C_____,such
intensives_____policieswouldbeastrongforceina_____applicantswho
seriouslywishtop_____teaching:Atthesametime,thesepolicieswould
d_____studentswhonowcasuallydriftintoteachereducation,suchasthose
Io_____intheundergraduatelounge.Thes_____ofpersonalachievement
thatwouldcomefromgainingentrancetoaf_____withsuchhighentrance
standardswouldcontributetoafeelingofprofessionalismamongc_____.
【答案與解析】
1.read
(bereadas,被解讀為……。)
2.meet
(meet在這里指達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的意思。)
3.engage
(engage表示從事于某項職業(yè)。)
4.progress
(前面有judgement,評價是對學(xué)生進(jìn)步的評價。)
5.decisions
(makedecision,做出決定。)
6.courses
(閱讀、數(shù)學(xué)、寫作和口語都是一些基本課程。)
7.a(chǎn)ppointment
(appointment在這里表示指定,在全文中表示最低分?jǐn)?shù)限定。)
8.a(chǎn)ssure
(assure…quality,保證……的質(zhì)量。)
9.student
(根據(jù)上文,這里指的是學(xué)生投考者。)
10.prior
(priorto,優(yōu)先的,在…之前。)
11.increases
(后面的數(shù)字呈增長趨勢,所以用increase。)
12.Currently
(這里表示時間且可以做獨立分句的只能是時間副詞currently。)
13.selection
(嚴(yán)格的政策在于挑選人才,所以用selection。)
14.a(chǎn)ddressing
(address在這里表示從事,忙于某事。)
15.pursue
(pursue,追求、從事于某種事業(yè)。)
16.disuse
(disuse,淘汰,不被使用。)
17.observed
(observe,觀察到,看到。)
18.standard
(此處意為個人成績的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),所以用standard。)
19.fulfillment
(fulfillment表示實行、履行。)
20.candidates
(根據(jù)上文,本文著重講的是學(xué)生投考者。)
PartIII.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(20%)
Todayitisoutofvoguetospeakintermsofcharacter.Butthereisnomore
essentialaspectofanyperson.
Characterismadeupofthoseprinciplesandvaluesthatgiveyourlife
direction,meaninganddepth.Theseconstituteyourinnersenseofwhat’s
rightandwrongbasednotonlawsorrulesofconductbutonwhoyouare.
Theyincludesuchtraitsasintegrity,honesty,courage,fairnessand
generosity—whicharisefromthehardchoiceswehavetomakeinlife.So
wrongissimplyindoingwrong,notingettingcaught.
Yetsomepeoplewonderifourinnervaluesmatteranymore.Afterall,hasn’t
ournotedbankexecutive,theonewhoisbrightandcharismaticandwhohad
risenfromtheranksonlytoseehisinstitutionfaltering,succeededinevery
possibleway,despitehistransgressions?
Thisquestiondemonstratesaquandaryofourmodernlife.Manyhavecome
tobelievethattheonlythingsweneedforsuccessaretalent,energyand
personality.Buthistoryhastaughtusthatoverthelonghaul,whoweare
moreimportantthanwhoweappeartobe.
Duringthenation’sfirstcenturyandahalf,almosteverythingintheliterature
ofsuccessandself-helpfocusedonwhatcouldbecalledthecharacterethic.
SucheminentfiguresasBenjaminFranklinandThomasJeffersonmadeclear
theirbeliefthatwecanonlyexperiencetruesuccessandhappinessby
makingcharacterthebedrockofourlives.
AfterwemoveintotheindustrialageandafterWorldWarI,thebasicview
ofsuccessshiftedtowhatwecouldcallthepersonalityethic.Successbecame
moreafunctionofcharm,skillsandtechniquesthat,atleastonthesurface,
lubricatetheprocessofhumaninteraction.Ratherthanstrugglewiththorny
issuesofrightandwrong,weturnedtomakingthingsrunsmoothly.
Someofthatphilosophyexpresseditselfwithharmlessbutsuperficial
maximssuchas“smilingwinsmorefriendsthanfrowning.”O(jiān)therideaswere
clearlymanipulativeorevendeceptive—fakinginterestinothers’hobbiesso
thattheywilllikeyou,forinstances.
Withavaluesystembasedsolelyonskillandpersonality,wefindheroesin
athletes,musiciansandinpowerfulbusinessexecutives.Butdespitethe
admirationwefeelfortheseachievers,weshouldn’tnecessarilylookupon
themasrolemodels.Whileskilliscertainlyneededforsuccess,itcannever
guaranteehappinessandfulfillment.Thesecomefromdevelopingcharacter.
【參考譯文】
今天拿性格來說事已經(jīng)不時髦了,但是對于所有人來說,沒有比這更本
質(zhì)的方面了。
性格是由一些原則和價值組成,而它們能夠為你指導(dǎo)人生的方向、意義
和深度。它們組成了你對是非對錯的內(nèi)在認(rèn)知,而這不是基于法律和行
為規(guī)則,而是基于你是什么樣的人。它們包括如下特征,例如正直、誠
實、勇氣、公正和慷慨,而這些都來自于我們在生活中不得不面對的艱
難選擇。所以,犯錯誤就是犯錯誤,不是在被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后才承認(rèn)。
然而有些人會想我們的內(nèi)在價值觀現(xiàn)在還重要嗎?我們著名的銀行長
官,他聰明能干、魅力超群,出身寒微、成績顯赫,雖然他犯了一些
罪,但是無論如何不能否認(rèn)他在每一個可能的方面的成功。
這個問題展示了我們現(xiàn)代生活的兩難困境。很多人相信要達(dá)到成功,所
需要的只有天賦、能量和人格。但是歷史已經(jīng)告訴我們,在其漫長的進(jìn)
程中,我們是什么樣的人比我們看起來像什么樣的人更加重要。
在國家的前一個半世紀(jì)中,文學(xué)的成功和自助的所有方面都集中在性格
規(guī)范上。一些像本杰明·富蘭克林和湯姆斯·杰斐遜等著名人物明確了他
們的信念,那就是:只有將性格作為生活的根基,我們才能夠體驗到真
正的成功和幸福。
在我們邁入工業(yè)化時代之后以及在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,成功的基本觀
點轉(zhuǎn)向了人格規(guī)范。成功的魅力更多地在于魅力、技巧和技術(shù)。至少在
表面上,它們促進(jìn)了人類互動的進(jìn)程。我們轉(zhuǎn)向了讓事情運作更加順利
的模式,而不是掙扎在那些關(guān)于是非對錯的痛苦問題上。
一些哲學(xué)用無傷大雅但卻膚淺的格言來表達(dá)自己,例如“微笑比皺眉能
贏得更多的朋友”。而其他的觀點明顯是操縱性的甚至是欺騙性的,例
如,裝作對別人的嗜好感興趣,他們就會喜歡你。
當(dāng)我們的價值體系只是建立在技巧和人格上時,我們能發(fā)現(xiàn)運動員、音
樂家以及經(jīng)濟(jì)主管領(lǐng)域中的英雄。但是除了我們對這些成功人士由衷的
贊揚,我們不能只是把他們看作角色模范。當(dāng)技巧是成功的必需品格
時,它就不能保證快樂和充實。這些是來源于性格的發(fā)展。
PartIV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(20%)
“……我們夜宿廊下,仰首靜觀檐底黑影,看涼月出沒云里,星斗時隱
時現(xiàn)。人工自然,悠然融合入夢,滋味深長。”這是林徽因梁思成夫婦
做晉汾之游,考查古建筑時寫下的話。
有人曾稱林徽因為“今之女學(xué)士,才學(xué)至少在謝冰心輩之上。”今天且不
將她同別的什么人作比較,只要讀她的文字,就會讓人動心。她的散文
娟秀聞婉,充滿才情,所謂文質(zhì)彬彬,大概就是這樣的。她寫的悼念徐
志摩的文章,情深意切,讀起來是那樣的磊落感懷,對于研究者來說,
則是揣度林、徐關(guān)系的一個很好的佐證。
林徽因?qū)懙男≌f并不多,但是每一篇都展示了那個時代女作家所具備的
卓越才華,就是放在今天,也因為文字的達(dá)練、氣氛的逼真、細(xì)節(jié)的生
動,特別是作者的美麗而又洞察一切的胸襟而讓人感動。
她的詩歌更象一串串珠子一樣的,比如那首著名的《你是人間的四月
天》:“你是四月早天里的云煙/黃昏吹著風(fēng)的軟,星子在/無意中
閃,細(xì)雨點點灑在花前?!?/p>
對于她的建筑文字,不是專家自然不能妄加評論,但作為普通讀者,則
可以從中了解到許多建筑專業(yè)方面的知識,而她那美好的文筆用在了專
業(yè)闡述上,倒是別有一種風(fēng)格呢。
【參考譯文】
“Werestunderthecorridoratnight,raisingourheadstowatchtheshadow
undertheeavesandthemooncoveredbydriftingclouds,aswellasthe
shiningstars.Itmadeusfeeleloquentthattheartificialbuildingcombined
withnatureleisurelycametoliveinourdreams.”Thewordsaboveisthe
writingsofCoupleLinHuiyinandLiangSichengwhentheywereseeing
abouttheancientbuildingsinShanxiProvince.
LinHuiyinhasbeencalled“today’sfemalescholarwhosescholarshipisat
leastabovethelevelofscholarssuchasXieBingxin”.Wedon’tcompareher
withothers.Aslongasreadingherwords,wewouldbedeeplymoved.Her
essaysarebeautifulandgraceful,fullwithtalentandpassion.Theyare
reflectionoftheword“wenzhibinbin”whichmeansheressaysareelegant
andrefinedingoodmanner.HerarticleaboutmourningforXuZhimois
heartfeltandrecalledwithemotion,whichisagoodevidenceforresearchers
toconjecturetherelationshipbetweenLinandXu.
LinHuiyindidn’twritetoomuchnovels,buteveryoneofthembringsforth
thetalentsoccupiedbythefemalewritersofthatage.Nowadays,wecanbe
deeplymovedbytheconcisewords,therealatmosphereandthevivid
details,especiallythebeautyandpercipienceoftheauthor.
HerpoetsislikestringsofbeadsjustasthefamousYouareMyAprilDays
goes,“youare,leisurelycloudsinthesky,roaming,inmurmursofduskyair,
andstarssparklecasually,whenmistyrainfalls,uponflowers.”
Asforherwordsonarchitecture,I’mnotsoexperttogivejudgment.Butas
anordinaryreader,Icanlearnlotsofprofessionalknowledgeonarchitecture.
Ithasauniquestylewhensheaddedherelegantstyleofwritingto
professionalexpatiation.
PartV.Writeacompositionofabout500wordsunderthetitle(20%)
SomeReflectionsontheMajorEventsoftheLatterHalfofthe20thCentury
【參考范文】
SomeReflectionsontheMajorEventsoftheLatterHalfofthe20thCentury
Nowwehavesteppedintothe21stcentury,enjoyingthepeaceoftheworld
andtheadvantageofhightechnology,aswellasfeelingtherapidspeedof
developmentoftheworld.Lookingbacktowardsthelatterhalfofthe20th
century,manyhugeeventswhichhaveaffectedthefateoftheworldhave
occurred,bringingussurprises,astonishmentorevenshock,aswellasjoy
andsorrow.Weshouldlearnalotfromtheseseriesofevents,andwearedue
todobetteratthenextcentury.
Thecoldwartookthepoliticalarenaoftheworldinthelatterhalfofthe20th
century.ThecompetitionbetweenUSSRandtheUSAprovedtobethe
attainmentforworlddominationamongsuperpowers.Withtheendofcold
warin1991,theworld’spowerpatternchangedsharply.Thepatternofdual-
polarizationofworldsystemhaschangedintomulti-polarization.Manyother
bigpowerscameuptostandonthearenaofworldpolitics.
Meanwhile,thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyhasbeenchanging
theworldinarapidandwidely-affectedway.Thecomputershavecometo
ordinaryfamiliesandindividualsfordoingalmosteverything.Theinvention
oftheinternetprovidespeoplewithmanypossibilitiesandopportunitiesof
life.Peoplecanenjoythenoveltyofmakingfriendsontheinternetaswellas
buyingstaffs,readingnewsandplayinggames.People’slifestylehas
changedagreatdealwithcomputersandtheinternet.Withitsmoreandmore
rapiddevelopmentinthefuture,whatkindoflifewillpeopleleadtowiththe
helpofinformationtechnology?
Theexplorationtothespaceisanothermarvelouseventofthe20thcentury.
Ashumanbeingssteppedonthesurfaceofthemoon,anewerahadstarted.
Itprovedtousthatnothingisimpossible.Italsogivesusthespaceof
imaginationthatatoneday,wehumanbeingswouldbesuretoliveinsome
otherplanetsinthespace,aswellastravelingaroundtheuniversity.
However,thereisnotalwaysgoodnewsbroughtbythelatterhalfofthe20th
century.Manydevelopmentsofeconomyareatthepriceofnaturalresources
andenvironment.Thereservesofnaturalresources,suchasoilandgas,have
reducedsharplywhiletheneedsforthemincreaseinanincrediblespeed.
Withtheoveruseofnaturalresources,theenvironmenthasbeendestroyed
seriously.Theglobalwarminghasthreatenedourlifeinamortalway.The
sealevelwillrisesincetheiceoftheNorthandSouthPolehasstartedto
melt.Asaresult,thepeoplelivingbytheseahavetomovetootherplaces.
Wecannolongerenjoythebeautyofnature,sincetherearefactoriesand
buildingseverywhere.Theearthisindanger,aswellaspeople’slives.
Inall,therearesomanysignificanteventshappenedinthelatterhalfofthe
20thcenturythatIdon’thaveenoughtimeandspacetoillustrateallofthem.
Weshouldfeelhappytobeborninthiseratoexperiencesomanynewthings
andevents.The20thcenturyhasbecomehistory,leavingusvariouspriceless
treasures.Weshouldmoveontothenextneweratoachievemoreglorious
accomplishment.
2001年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語真題及詳解
PartI.Cloze(10%):
Directions:Fillinthefollowingblankswithappropriatewords.Thefirst
letterofeachwordhasalreadybeengiven.
Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasaman,buttomywork—alife’s
workintheagonyandsweatofthehumanspirit,notforgloryandl_____of
allforprofit,buttocreateoutofthematerialsofthehumanspiritsomething
whichdidnotexistbefore.Sothisawardisonlymineint_____.Itwillnot
bedifficulttofindadedicationforthemoneypartofitc_____withthe
purposeandsignificanceofitsorigin.ButIwouldliketodothesamewith
theacclaimtoo,byusingthismomentasap_____fromwhichImightbe
listenedtobytheyoungmenandwomenalreadyd_____tothesameanguish
andtravail,amongwhomisalreadythatonewhowillsomedaystandhere
whereIamstanding.
Ourtragedytodayisageneralanduniversalphysicalfearsolongs______by
nowthatwecanevenbearit.Therearenolongerp_____ofthespirit.There
isonlythequestion:WhenwillIbeb_____up?Becauseofthis,theyoung
manorwomanwritingtodayhasforgottentheproblemsofhumanheartin
conflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatis
worthwritingabout,worththeagonyandthesweat.
Hemustlearnthemagain.Hemustteachhimselfthattheb_____ofall
thingsistobeafraid;and,teachinghimselfthat,forgetitforever,leavingno
roominhisworkshopforanythingbuttheoldveritiesandtruthsoftheheart,
theolduniversaltruthsl_____whichanystoryisephemeralanddoomed—
loveandhonorandpityandcompassionandsacrifice.Untilhedoesso,he
l_____underacurse.Hewritesnotoflovebutoflust,ofdefeatsinwhich
nobodylosesanythingofvalue,ofvictorieswithouthopeand,w_____ofall,
withoutpityorcompassion.Hisgriefsgrieveonnouniversalbones,leaving
noscars.Hewritesnotoftheheartbutoftheglands.
Untilherelearnsthesethings,hewillwriteasthoughhestoodamongand
watchedtheendofman.Id_____toaccepttheendofman.Itiseasyenough
tosaythatmanisi_____simplybecausehewillendure:thatwhenthelast
dingdongofdoomhaschangedandfadedfromthelastworthlessrock
hangingtidelessinthelastredanddyingevening,thateventhentherewill
stillbeonemoresound:thatofhispunyinexhaustiblevoice,stilltalking.I
refusetoacceptthis.Ibelievethatmanwillnotm_____endure:hewill
prevail.Heisimmortal,notbecausehealoneamongcreatureshasan
inexhaustiblevoice,butbecausehehass_____,aspiritcallableof
compassionandsacrificeandendurance.Thepoet’s,thewriter’s,dutyisto
writeaboutthesethings,Itishisp_____tohelpmanendurebyl_____his
heart,byr_____himofthecourageandhonorandhopeandprideand
compassionandpityandsacrificewhichhavebeenthegloryofhispast.The
poet’svoiceneednotmerelybether_____ofman,itcanbeoneofthe
props,thepillarstohelphimendureandprevail.
【答案與解析】
1.least
(leastofall,最不。)
2.trust
(intrust,被托管。)
3.commensurate
(commensuratewithsth.,與……相稱,相當(dāng)。)
4.pinnacle
(句意;把這一時刻看作一個頂點,可能獻(xiàn)身于同樣艱苦事業(yè)的年輕人
會聽我的話。pinnacle,頂點。)
5.dedicated
(dedicatetosth.,獻(xiàn)身于某項事業(yè)。)
6.sustained
(句意:我們的悲劇是普遍的生理恐懼,它持續(xù)地如此久以致于到現(xiàn)在
我們還要承受。sustained,持續(xù)不變地,相同地。)
7.problems
(句意:這再也不是精神世界上的問題。)
8.blown
(句意;我什么時候會被炸毀?)
9.basest
(句意:所有事情中最低級的是恐懼。basest,base的最高級。)
10.lacking
(句意:缺乏這些古老普遍的真理,任何故事都將是短暫而命定的。)
11.labors
(句意:他一直在詛咒下辛勤勞作,直到他那樣做為止。)
12.worst
(worstofall,最糟糕的是。)
13.decline
(declineto,下降到。)
14.immortal
(immortal,不朽的。)
15.merely
(merely,僅僅,只不過。)
16.soul
(由下文的“aspiritcallableofcompassionandsacrificeandendurance”推
出應(yīng)填soul。)
17.privilege
(privilege,特權(quán),特別待遇。)
18.lifting
(liftone’sheart,提升某人的心靈。)
19.reminding
(remindsb.ofsth.,提醒某人注意某事。)
20.record
(record,記錄,檔案。)
PartII.Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences(10%):
1.ItisdifferentthanIexpected.
【答案】Itisdifferentthan(fromwhat)Iexpected.
【解析】bedifferentfrom,與……不同。
2.Thejudgewasuninterestedandperfectlyfair.
【答案】Thejudgewasuninterested(uninteresting)andperfectlyfair.
【解析】法官雖然很無趣,但極其公正。uninteresting,無趣的。
3.Heresignedduetoillness.
【答案】Heresigneddueto(his)illness.
【解析】illness前缺少代詞,加his。
4.Heaggravatedhismother.
【答案】Heaggravated(irritated)hismother.
【解析】aggravate和irritate都有“激怒”的意思,aggravate為口語詞,多
指長時間的反復(fù)言行而引起不快,此處并無類似的情境。因此,使用
irritate更為合適。
5.WhileIlikeher,Idon’tadmireher.
【答案】While(Although)Ilikeher,Idon’tadmireher.
【解析】while有“雖然”的意思,但后句要加but,或者直接將while改為
although。
6.Heneverworethehat,whichhiswifehated.
【答案】Heneverworethehat,(delete)whichhiswifehated.
【解析】簡單句不必用非限制性定語從句,直接去掉逗號即可。
7.Thisisapaperthatisausefulresourcefortheresearchpaperthatyouare
writingontheinfluencethatthemassmediahaveonpublicopinion.
【答案】Thisisapaperthatisausefulresourcefortheresearchpaperthat
youarewriting(,whichfocuses)ontheinfluencethatthemassmediahave
onpublicopinion.
【解析】多重定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,用重組句子或拆分的方法將其
簡單化。
8.Wheneverheisfacedwithtalkingtoalargegroupiswhenhebreaksout
inanervousrash.
【答案】Wheneverheisfacedwithtalkingtoalargegroup,iswhen(delete)
hebreaksoutinanervousrash.
【解析】Whenever引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,后面不必繼續(xù)用時間狀語從句做
表語。
9.Heonlylikedmysterystories.
【答案】Helikedmysterystories(story).
【解析】mysterystory,怪誕小說,泛指一類小說,前面無冠詞和修飾
詞,應(yīng)使用單數(shù)。
10.Thesideroadswereimpassable,whilethehighwayswereclear.
【答案】Thesideroadswereimpassable(congested),whilethehighways
wereclear.
【解析】句意:輔路交通擁堵而主路行駛順暢。而impassable意為無法
通過的,與句意不符。
PartIII.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(30%)
A
ThingslikethecontinuanceofBritishruleinIndia,theRussianpurgesand
deportations,thedroppingoftheatomicbombsonJapan,canindeedbe
defended,butonlybyargumentswhicharetoobrutalformostpeopletoface,
andwhichdonotsquarewiththeprofessedaimsofpoliticalparties.Thus
politicallanguagehastoconsistlargelyofeuphemism,question-begging,and
sheercloudyvagueness.Defenselessvillagesarebombardedfromtheair,the
inhabitantsdrivenoutintothecountryside,thecattlemachine-gunned,the
hutssetonfirewithincendiarybullets:thisiscalledpacification.Millionsof
peasantsarerobbedoftheirfarmsandsenttrudgingalongtheroadswithno
morethantheycancarry:thisiscalledtransferofpopulationorrectification
offrontiers.Peopleareimprisonedforyearswithouttrial,orshotintheback
oftheneck,orsenttodieofscurvyinArcticlumbercamps:thisiscalled
eliminationofunreliableelements.
【參考譯文】
有些事情的確可以被辯護(hù),像英國持續(xù)統(tǒng)治印度,俄羅斯的肅清和流放
運動,在日本投下原子彈等,但是只能靠那些太殘忍以致于大部分人無
法面對的,以及那些與政黨公開聲稱的目標(biāo)不一致的爭論。因此政治語
言必須包括大量的委婉說法、問題詢問以及烏云遮蔽式的含糊曖昧。完
全沒有防備的村莊從空中被炮轟,居民被趕到鄉(xiāng)下,牲畜被機(jī)關(guān)槍射
殺,木屋被縱火犯的子彈燒著,這就叫做和解。上千萬的農(nóng)民被趕出農(nóng)
田,身無長物地跋涉在道路上,這就叫做人口遷移或邊境整流。人們被
監(jiān)禁數(shù)年而不被審判,或者從背后被射殺,或者死去被送去骯臟的北極
廢物堆,這就叫做排除不可靠的因素。
B
ThelandscapeoutofAuntCharlotte’swindowwasasflatasanyinmy
memory;therewasnotahillock,notarock,todisturbthemonotonous
platitudeofitshorizon.Aserene,dead-straightalleyofluxuriantchestnut
treesstretchedfromthelittlecastletothecountryroad.Totheleft,stood
somedilapidatedbuildingsthathadonceservedasstablesandservants’
quarters.Theoldgreenhousetotherightoftheentrancehadalsobeen
abandonedsincethewar,whenthefamilyfortunedeclinedsharply.Inthe
flowerbedscirclingaboutthecastle’sentrance,onlythesimplestandmost
tenaciousofflowers—hydrangeas,geraniums—foughttheirwaynobly
throughtallclumpsofweeds.
【參考譯文】
夏洛特阿姨窗外的景色很平坦,正如在我的記憶中一樣。沒有一個小丘
或巖石來打擾地平線的單調(diào)。一條種滿長著累累果實的栗子樹的平靜呆
板的筆直小徑從小城堡延伸到鄉(xiāng)村小路。左邊是一些荒廢的建筑,曾經(jīng)
是馬廄和仆人的住處。入口右邊的溫室從戰(zhàn)爭時就被遺棄了,那時家族
財富迅速衰敗。在環(huán)繞城堡入口的花壇中,只有像八仙花屬和天竺葵等
最簡單最頑強(qiáng)的花,還在高高叢生的雜草之中高貴地掙扎。
C
Assoonasthepigeonsdiscoverasufficiencyoffoodtoenticethemtoalight,
theyflyroundincircles,reviewingthecountrybelow.Duringtheir
evolutions,onsuchoccasions,thedensemasswhichtheyformexhibitsa
beautifulappearance,asitchangesdirection,nowdisplayingaglistening
sheetofazure,whenthebacksofthebirdscomesimultaneouslyintoview,
andanon,suddenlypresentingamassofrichdeeppurple.Theythenpass
lower,overthewoods,andforamomentarelostamongthefoliage,but
againemerge,andareseenglidingaloft.Theynowalight,butthenext
moment,asifsuddenlyalarmed,theytaketowing,producingbythe
flappingsoftheirwingsanoiseliketheroarofdistantthunder,andsweep
throughtheforeststoseeifdangerisnear.Hunger,however,soonbrings
themtotheground.
【參考譯文】
鴿子一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)能誘使它們落地的充足食物,它們會繞圈飛行,環(huán)顧則下
面的土地。在它們演變的過程中,在這種場合下,它們形成的密集群流
展示著美麗的外形,當(dāng)它變換方向的時候,又展現(xiàn)出一片閃耀的蔚藍(lán)天
空,當(dāng)后面的鳥兒同時出現(xiàn),突然間呈現(xiàn)一抹又濃又深的紫色。然后它
們低飛著穿過樹叢,一會消失在樹葉之中,一會又出現(xiàn)在高處流暢地飛
行。他們現(xiàn)在落下,但就在下一刻,仿佛突然警醒一樣,它們展開雙
翼,拍動翅膀發(fā)出像遠(yuǎn)處的雷聲一樣的咆哮,然后掠過森林查看是否危
險臨近。然而,一會兒饑餓就迫使它們降落地面。
PartIV.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(30%)
以前到過歐洲大陸,不管是法國人、德國人,還是荷蘭、比利時、意大
利人,都穿得十分隨便,很少有人衣冠楚楚地穿西裝??墒沁@次一到英
國,發(fā)現(xiàn)那里卻是例外。倫敦街頭到處可見西裝革履的英國人,慢條斯
理、心無旁鶩,走起路來一副紳士派頭,自我感覺特別好。我的一位住
在倫敦的朋友告訴我,有一次他請他的英國鄰居到他家來吃頓便飯,不
料那一家子來時男的西裝筆挺,女的濃妝艷抹,使他著實地吃了一驚。
不就是隔壁鄰居過來吃頓便飯,干嗎這么正規(guī)?不想英國人自有他的道
理,他說:“萬一你還請了其他客人,我隨隨便便進(jìn)來,人家就會想,
你怎么交了這么個沒有禮貌不懂規(guī)矩的人當(dāng)朋友,豈不影響了你的聲
譽?”這是英國人的思維。
我的那位朋友告訴我他剛工作時的一件事,說是英國人每天上午10時要
休息一刻鐘來喝咖啡,單位里有一位年輕的女服務(wù)員負(fù)責(zé)煮咖啡和倒咖
啡,因為人多,她顯然有些忙不過來,我的那位朋友就主動幫她,她沒
有道謝反而有些不高興。第二天,他照例又去幫她,那女服務(wù)員就
說:“我的工作就是倒咖啡,你也來倒,不是正說明我沒有能力勝任這
份工作,我該被老板炒魷魚了?”
倫敦塔其實不是塔,而是一座小城堡,這里是英國早年的皇宮,皇宮搬
到白金漢宮后,照我們的習(xí)慣這里應(yīng)當(dāng)成為博物館或紀(jì)念館,想不到它
的下一個用途卻是成為動物園。動物園搬遷后又成了造幣廠,再以后就
成為了監(jiān)獄,現(xiàn)在監(jiān)獄又搬了,這地方又成為珠寶館。一座皇宮,以后
的用途卻是動物園、造幣廠、監(jiān)獄和珠寶館,這里面有什么內(nèi)在的聯(lián)
系?以我們的思維來看,這是一條雜亂無章的邏輯線,沒有任何道理。
可是在英國人看來,這是再明白不過的事情,因為這5種用途有一共同
的特點,那就是都需要嚴(yán)格的保衛(wèi)和看守,才不會出問題。要不然,皇
上會不安全,野獸會逃出來傷人,錢幣會被盜,罪犯會越獄,珍寶也有
失竊的危險,只有倫敦塔這座堅固的城堡,才能勝任這些項目的功能的
要求。
【參考譯文】
IhadbeentoEuropebefore,IfoundthatmostEuropeansdressverycasually,
nomattertheyareFrenches,Germans,DutchesorItalians,fewofwhich
dressbusinesssuitneatly.However,whenIarrivedinBritain,Ifounditisan
exception.ThereareBritonsdressedneatlyinbusinesssuiteverywhereon
thestreetofLondon.Theywalkleisurelyandintentlyinthemannerof
gentlemen,feelingverygoodofthemselves.Oneofmyfriendslivingin
Londontoldmeastory.Onceheinvitedhisneighborstohavedinnerinhis
house,itshockedhimthatthemandressedveryneatlyinbusinesssuitand
thewomanhadheavydressingformally.Whyitshouldbesonormalforjust
aneighbor’sinvitation?TheEnglishmanhadhisownreason.“Ifyouinvited
otherguestsandIdressedverycasually,theotherguestswouldthinkthat
youhavemadeafriendwithbadmanner.Thiswouldhaveabadeffecton
yourreputation.”ThisisBritons’wayofthinking.
Thatfriendtoldmeanotherstorywhenhestartedtowork.Atteno’clockin
themorning,Britonsspare15minutestodrinkcoffee.Therewasayoung
chambermaidinchargeofboilingandservingcoffee.Shewastoobusyto
handlesincethereweresomanypeople,somyfriendwenttogiveahandto
her.Shedidn’texpressherthankfulness,evenwasunhappyforhishelp.The
nextdayhewenttohelpher,thechambermaidsaid,“myjobistoserve
coffee,ifyoucometohelpme,isitprovingthatIdon’thavetheabilityto
handlethejobandIshouldbefiredbymyboss?”
TheLondonTowerisnotatoweractually;itisalittlecastlewhichwasearly
palaceofBritain.AfterthepalacewasmovedtoBuckinghamPalace,it
shouldhavebeenamuseumormemorialaccordingtoourcustom.However,
itbecameazoooutofourexpectation.Afterthezoowasmovedout,it
becameamint,andthenaprison.Nowtheprisonhasbeenmoved,it
becomesajewelryshop.Apalacebecomesazoo,mint,prisonandjewelry
shop.Whataretheinternalrelationsamongthem?Itseemstousthatitisout
oflogicandreason.ButintheviewofBritons,itwasveryclearthatthefive
wayshasonecommonfeaturewhichistheyallneedrigoroussafeguardand
warder.Ifnot,thekingwouldbeindanger,thewildanimalswouldcomeout
tohurtpeople,thecriminalswouldbreakout,thejewelryshouldbeindanger
ofbeingstolen.OnlythesolidcastleofLondontowermeetsthedemandsof
theseprojects’functions.
PartV.Writea400-600-wordessayinwhichyoudefendyourposition
(20%):
EssayTopic:Isthecomputerahumanizingordehumanizingfactor?
【參考范文】
Computer:adehumanizingfactor
Ashightechdevelops,theinventionanddevelopmentofcomputerhas
influencedpeople’slifeinagreatdegree.Computerhasbroughtconvenience
andcomforttopeople’slifeaswellassavingvarioustroubles.However,as
thepopularityofcomputergoeson,manysideeffectshaveemergedwhich
canthreatenthehealthandlifequalityofhumanbeings,ofwhichthemost
seriousarethedehumanizingeffectsofcomputer.
First,computerpreventspeoplefromdevelopingtheirbasic
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