反意疑問句用法完全歸納

反意疑問句用法完全歸納一、 基本用法與結(jié)構(gòu)反意疑問句由“陳述句+簡略疑問句”兩部分組成，第一部分提出一種看法，第二部分用來質(zhì)疑或表示證實。陳述部分與疑問部分的動詞時態(tài)和動詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陳述部分為肯定式時，疑問部分用否定式，陳述部分為否定式時，疑問部分用肯定式：HelikesEnglish,doesn’the?他喜歡英語，是嗎？Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish,doeshe?他不喜歡英語，是嗎？若陳述部分含有seldom,hardly,never,few,nothing等否定詞或半否定詞，其疑問部分要用肯定式：Hehasfewfriendshere,hashe?他在這兒幾乎沒什么朋友，是嗎？Shesaidnothing,didshe?她什么也沒說，是不是？若陳述部分含有帶否定前綴的詞，疑問部分仍用否定式：Itisunfair,isn’tit?這不公平，不是嗎？Itisimpossible,isn’tit?那是不可能的，是嗎？二、 反意疑問句的主語問題基本原則：疑問部分的主語應(yīng)與陳述部分主語一致，且只能是代詞：誤：Maryisanurse,isn’tMary?正：Maryisanurse,isn’tshe?瑪麗是護(hù)士，對嗎？當(dāng)陳述部分為為therebe句型時，疑問部分仍用there作“主語”Therewasnothingintheroom,wasthere?房間里什么也沒有，是嗎？當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞時，疑問部分用it,they等代詞：Thatisanewcar,isn’tit?這是一輛新汽車，是嗎？當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是復(fù)合不定代詞時，若陳述部分的主語為somebody,someone,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody等復(fù)合不定代詞，其反意疑問句的主語在正式文體中用he，在口語或非正式文體中通常用they：Nobodywaslate,werethey?沒有一個人遲到，是嗎？當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時，其反意疑問句的主語要用it：Everythingisready,isn’tit?一切都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？Nothingisimportant,isit?沒有什么重要的，不是嗎？三、陳述部分有動詞have的反意疑問句當(dāng)have為助動詞時，其反意疑問句沿用同樣的助動詞：Hehasalreadyleft,hasn’the?他已經(jīng)離開了，是嗎？當(dāng)have為實意動詞時，要分兩種情況：若表示“所有”，反意疑問句可以用have，也可以用do：Hehasalotoffriendshere,hasn’t[doesn’t]he?他在這兒有許多朋友，是嗎？但是若陳述部分用的是have的否定式，反意疑問句用have還是用do,取決于陳述部分的動詞形式：Hehasn’tanymoney,hashe?他沒有錢，是嗎？Hedoesn’thaveanymoney,doeshe?他沒有錢，是嗎？若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思，反意疑問句要用do：Hehassupperat5,doesn’the?他5點吃晚餐，是嗎？Hehadagoodtimeattheparty,didn’the?他在晚會上玩得很開心，是嗎？當(dāng)用于haveto時，通常也有兩種可能：若表示經(jīng)常性的行為，則多用加助動詞do的形式；若表示特定的行為，則多用have：Heoftenhastogetupearly,doesn’the?他經(jīng)常要早起，是嗎？Hehastogotobedlatetonight,hasn’the?他今晚要遲睡，是嗎？四、含情態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句基本原則：在通常情況下，當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞時，疑問部分會重復(fù)前面同樣的情態(tài)動詞：HecanspeakEnglish,can’the？他會說英語，是嗎？Weshouldn’tgo,shouldwe?我們不應(yīng)該去，對不對？當(dāng)陳述部分含有must時，要分兩種情況：若must表示“必須”或“有必要”，疑問部分用mustn’t或needn’t：Youmustleaveatonce,mustn’t[needn’t]you?你必須侑必要）馬上離開，是嗎？但是若陳述部分有mustn’t表示禁止，疑問部分要must：Youmustn’tlaugh,mustyou?你不準(zhǔn)笑，知道嗎？若must表示推測，疑問部分不能用must而應(yīng)根據(jù)must后的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)采用相應(yīng)的動詞形式：Hemustbetired,isn’the?他一定累了，是嗎？五、 陳述部分為祈使句的反意疑問句基本原則：若陳述部分為祈使句，疑問部分通常用willyou：Pleasehelpus,willyou?請幫幫我們，好嗎？Comewithus,willyou?同我們一起去，好嗎？Don’tforgettoposttheletter,willyou?請別忘了寄信。當(dāng)祈使句為Let’s…時，疑問部分總是用shallwe：Let’sgotheretogether,shallwe?我們一起去，好嗎？Let’ssitunderthetree,shallwe?咱們就坐這樹下吧，好不好？當(dāng)祈使句為Letus…時，若表示請求，疑問部分用willyou，若表示建議，疑問部分用shallwe：Letusknowyouraddress,willyou?請把你的地址告訴我們，好嗎?Letusgoswimmingtogether,shallwe?我們一起去游泳好嗎?六、 陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句1.當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句時，疑問部分一般應(yīng)與主句保持一致:Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeit,didn’the?他說他不喜歡它，是不是？HeknowswhereIlive,doesn’the?他知道我住什么地方，是不是？2.當(dāng)陳述部分為Ithink（believe,suppose）that...等時，疑問部分通常與從句保持一致（注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移）：Ithinkthatitistooshort,isn’tit?我認(rèn)為它太短了，對不對（它太短嗎）？Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe?我認(rèn)為他不會來，對嗎（他會來嗎）？【注】這類用法主要限于主語為第一人稱且think等動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時的情形。七、幾種特殊情況的反意疑問句當(dāng)陳述部分是I’m…時，疑問部分通常用aren’tI：I’mwrong,aren’tI?我錯了，是嗎？I’molderthanyou,aren’tI?我年紀(jì)比你大，對不對？當(dāng)陳述部分是Iwish…時，疑問部分通常用mayI：Iwishtogowiththem,mayI?我想同他們一起去，可以嗎？3.當(dāng)陳述部分有hadbetter時，疑問部分用had：He’dbetterleavehere,hadn’the?他最好離開這兒，是嗎？要點歸納：當(dāng)陳述句的主語為anybody,anyone,everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,nobody,noone,these,those時，反意疑問句的主語用they.E.g.everybodyknowswhatIsaid,don’tthey?Nobodysaysawordabouttheincident,don’tthey?Somebodyborrowedyourbikeyesterday,didn’tthey?Anybodycandoit,can’tthey?當(dāng)陳述句的主語為this,that,everything,anything,nothing,something等時，反意疑問句的主語用it。E.g.Everythingisallright,isn’tit?Nothingcanstopusgoingforward,canit?當(dāng)陳述句的主語為one時，反意疑問句的主語在正式情況下用one；在非正式情況下用you。E.g.Oneshouldlearnfromothers,shouldn’tone/you?Onecan’tbeone’sownmaster,canone?Onecannotbetoocareful,canone?當(dāng)陳述句的謂語部分含有hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldlike,oughtto時，反意疑問句的謂語應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的助動詞。E.g.You’dbettergonow,hadn’tyou?You’drathergothereearly,wouldn’tyou?He’dliketogothere,wouldn’the?Sheoughttogotherebytrain,shouldn’t/oughtn’tshe?Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,oughtthey?Heoughttobepunished,oughtn’the?當(dāng)陳述句的謂語是wish時，反意疑問句的謂語用may,而且前后兩個部分都用肯定式。E.g.Iwishtogohomenow,mayI?Iwishtohaveanotherpieceofcake,mayI?當(dāng)陳述句的謂語部分含有haveto,hadto時，反意疑問句的謂語部分用do的適當(dāng)形式。E.g.Wehavetogetthereat8o’clocktomorrow,don’twe?Theyhadtotaketheearlytraintogothere,didn’tthey?當(dāng)陳述句的謂語部分含有usedto時，反意疑問句的謂語部分有兩種表達(dá)方式didn’t/usedn’t。E.g.Heusedtogetupearly,didn’t/usedn’the?當(dāng)陳述句的主語是第一人稱，謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,fancy,imagine,expect，后接賓語從句時，反意疑問句應(yīng)對賓語從句進(jìn)行提問。E.g.Idon’tthinkhecanfinishthework,canhe?Idon’texpectthatshewouldcome,wouldshe?Iimaginethatthestudentslikeher,don’tthey?Idon’tbelievesheknowsit,doesshe?當(dāng)陳述句的主語是第二第三人稱謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,fancy,imagine,expect后接賓語從句時，反意疑問句應(yīng)對主句進(jìn)行提問。E.g.Marythinksyouwillcometothemeeting,doesn’tshe?Youdon’tthinkEnglishisimportant,doyou?Youthinksheisagoodteacher,don’tyou?Yourbrotherthinksthatyoucandothejobwell,doesn’the?10-如果陳述句中出現(xiàn)了表示否定意義的詞few,little,never,hardly,seldom,nobody,rarely,scarcely時，反意疑問句的謂語用肯定式。E.g.Hehasfewgoodreasonsforstaying,hashe?Shehardlywritestoyou,doesshe?Heseldomgoestothecinema,doeshe?Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,isthere?祈使句的各種反意疑問句：1).Let’s…,shallwe?E.g.Let’sgotothefilm,shallwe?2).Letus…,willyou?E.g.Letusgotothepark,willyou?3).Letme…，mayI/willyou/OK/allright?E.g.Letmegotherealone,mayI?/willyou?Ifyouwanthelp-moneyoranything,letmeknow,willyou?4).在否定的祈使句的后面，只能用willyou?E.g.Don’ttellanyone,willyou?5).表示“請求”意思的祈使句，反意疑問句用willyou?E.g.Passmethedictionary,willyou?Stopthatnoise,willyou?5).表示“邀請”，“勸誘”意思的祈使句，反意疑問句用won’tyou?E.g.Joinusinthesinging,won’tyou?陳述句中謂語動詞是must+have+動詞的過去分詞時，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)對過去情況的推測,依據(jù)是(句中有過去的時間狀語)，反意疑問句根據(jù)動詞用didn’t/wasn’t/weren’t+主語。E.g.Youmusthavereadthestorylastterm,didn’tyou?Hemusthavemetheryesterday,didn’the?陳述句中謂語動詞是must+have+動詞的過去分詞時，如果只強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成反意疑問句用haven’t/hasn’t+主語。E.g.Shemusthavearrivedthere,hasn’tshe?Youmusthaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?陳述句中謂語動詞是must+動詞原形的情況：Youmustseethedoctor,needn’tyou?Youmustn’tdothatagain,mustyou?Thefoodmustbenice,isn’tit?當(dāng)陳述句的主語為each時，反意疑問句的主語用he。E.g.Eachhashisstrongpoints,hasn’the?/doesn’the?當(dāng)陳述句的主語為eachofus,eachofyou,eachofthem時，反意疑問句的主語用we,you,they。E.g.Eachofushasbeenhere,haven’twe?EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary,haven’tthey?并列句的反意疑問句謂語的時態(tài)要求和后一個句子的時態(tài)保持一致.E.g.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet,isn’tit?Tomhasbeenwritinglettersallafternoon,butshehasn’tfinishnow,hasshe?Wemuststartatonceorwecan’tgetthereontime,canwe?Heisateacherbuthiswifeisn’tateacher,isshe?帶有定語從句，同位語從句，狀語從句，賓語從句的復(fù)合句，反意疑問句與主句在時態(tài)上保持一致。E.g.Sheisnotsostupidasshelooks,isshe?Lucydreamedthatshewasinthemoon,didn’tshe?陳述句主語為such時，反意疑問句的主語單數(shù)用it，復(fù)數(shù)用they。E.g.Suchishistrick,isn’tit?Suchareyourexcuses,aren’tthey?當(dāng)陳述句的主語為eachof…結(jié)構(gòu)時，反意疑問句的主語用he,she,it強(qiáng)調(diào)個體，用we,you,they強(qiáng)調(diào)全體E.g.Eachofthesenovelsistobediscussedthisterm,isn’tit?Eachofushavegottheprize,haven’twe?當(dāng)陳述句是Iam…結(jié)構(gòu)時；反意疑問句用aren’t。E.g.Iamright,aren’tI?Iamlate,aren’tI?如果陳述句中的否定式僅僅是帶有否定的詞綴，反意疑問句仍用否定。E.g.Heisunfitforhisjob,isn’the?Thafsunfair,isn’tit?當(dāng)陳述句部分是thereusedtobe…結(jié)構(gòu)時，反意疑問句用wasn’t(weren’t)there,E.g.Thereusedtobethreepinetreesintheyard,weren’tthere?Thereusedtobeshopatthecornerofthestreet,wasn’tthere?陳述句中謂語動詞是may/might時，反意疑問句用mayn’t/mightn’t構(gòu)成。E.g.Imaycomeandborrowyourbiketomorrow,mayn’tI?Theexperiencemayhavebeenlonginyourmemory,mayn’tit?反意疑問句專項練習(xí)題I.單項選擇?You’dratherwatchTVthisevening, ?A.isn’titB.hadn’tyouC.wouldn’tyouD.won’tyouIsupposeyou’renotgoingtoday,?A.areyouB.doyouC.don’tyouD.aren’tyouIwishtoshakehandswithyou, ?A.shallB.mayIC.doID.willIThreehoursoughttobeenoughtime,?A.oughtn’tthreehoursB.didn’ttheyC.shouldn’titD.shouldn’tthreehoursTheyhavetostudyalot,?A.don’ttheyB.haven’ttheyC.didtheyD.hadn’ttheyWhenthecarcrashed,yourbrotherescapedbeinghurt,?A.didn’theB.didheC.diditD.didn’titI’msuredirty,?A.amIB.isn’tIC.aren’tID.amnotIIdon’tthinkyoujudgedyourabilityobjectivelywhenyouappliedforit,you?A.doB.didC.don’tD?didn’tThat’sthesortofthebookyouwant,?A.isitB.isn’tthatC.isthatD.isn’titAllthesedictionariesareagreathelptoyou,?A.aretheyB.aren’ttheyC.areallthesedictionariesD.aren’tallthesedictionariesThemoviethatwesawlastweekwasquiteinteresting,?A.wasn’titB.wasitC.didn’tweD.weren’tweTomhasbeenwritinglettersallafternoon,butheshouldhavefinishedthembynow,?A.hasn’theB.hasheC.shouldn’theD.didn’tyouDavidtoldmethatyouwouldtakeatriptoAmerica,?A.wouldyouB.wouldn’tyouC.didyouD.didn’tyouThereappearedtobenobetterway,?A.wasthereB.werethereC.didthereD.didn’tthereYouhadsometroublefindingwhereIlive,?A.didn’tyouB.hadn’tyouC.doID.don’tIHehashishaircuteverymonth,?A.hasheB.hasn’theC.doesheD.doesn’theYourfriendneedstocomeearlier,?A.doesheB.doesn’theC.needheD.needn’theThelittleboydarenotgotochurch,?A.dareheB.daren’theC.doesheD.doesn’theSusan’dhaveworkedabroadifshe’dhadtheChance,?A.hassheB.hadn’tsheC.wouldsheD.wouldn’tsheEveryone’shavingagoodtime,?A.isheB.isn’teveryoneC.doesheD.aren’ttheyAnyonecanjointheclub,?A.cananyoneB.can’tanyoneC.can’ttheyD.cantheyTellmehowtooperatetheelectroniccomputer,?A.willyouB.shan’tyouC.doyouD.don’tyouMagaretscarcelycomestovisityouonChristmasDay,?A.doesn’tsheB.doessheC.doyouD.don’tyouLet’slistentotheradioprogramthattheteachermentioned,?A.doweB.don’tweC.shallweD.shan’tweYouthinkyou’refunny,?A.didn’tyouB.areyouC.don’tyouD.doyouJanetusedtotakepartinlaborinthatvillage,?A.usedsheB.didsheC.didn’tsheD.shouldsheWhatbeautifulweather,?A.isitB.isn’titC.won’titD.doesn’titHeoughttogotoKwangchowbyplane,?A.shouldheB.shouldn’theC.wouldheD.wouldn’theWeneverdaredtoaskhimaquestion,?A.didweB.didn’tweC.daredweD.daren’tweNobodywillbelievehowdifficulthisworkhasbeen?A.willheB.won’tnobodyC.willtheyD.won’ttheyYoumusthavemadethemistake,?A.mustn’tyouB.haven’tyouC.didn’tyouD.hadn’tyouLearninghowtorepaircomputerstakesalongtime,?A.isn’titB.aren’ttheyC.doesn’titD.don’ttheyJackhascoffeewithbreakfast,?A.hasn’tJackB.hasn’theC.doesn’tJackD.doesn’theTheymusthavestayedathotellastnight,?A.mustn’ttheyB.haven’ttheyC.didn’ttheyD.hadn’ttheyThereisn’tanythingwrongwiththeradio, ?A.isthereB.isitC.doesitD.doesthereYoumustbehungry,?A.mustyouB.mustn’tyouC.areyouD.aren’tyouLet’sdotheexercisesbyourselves,?A.shallweB.shan’tweC.willyouD.willweHerdaughterhadthecarpetsandcurtainscleaned,?A.hadsheB.hadn’tsheC.didn’tsheD.didn’therdaughterTheteacherhadatalkwithyou,?A.hasyo