寧波大學外國語學院244英語（二外）歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2005年寧波大學218英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（A卷）

2006年寧波大學218英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（A卷）

2007年寧波大學218英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（A卷）

2009年寧波大學218英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（A卷）

2010年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（A卷）

2011年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（A卷）

2012年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（A卷）

2013年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（B卷）

2014年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（B卷）

2015年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（B卷）

2016年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（B卷）

2017年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（B卷）

2018年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（A卷）

2019年寧波大學244英語（二外）考研真題及詳解（B卷）

2005年寧波大學218英語（二外）

考研真題及詳解（A卷）

Ⅰ.MatchthewordsunderColumnAwiththedefinitionsunderColumnB.

(10%)

【答案與解析】

1.ecampaign競選活動；戰(zhàn)役

2.kconservation對自然環(huán)境的保護；保存

3.melite精華；精銳；精英

4.hfieldschool教學與科研實驗基地

5.rnervousbreakdown精神崩潰

6.ppayroll工資單

7.cthebottomline底線；本質(zhì)內(nèi)容

8.qthanksto由于；幸虧

9.brefreshing提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的

10.spsychology心理狀態(tài)；心理特點；心理影響

11.oeliminate排除；消除，除掉

12.ahabitat產(chǎn)地；（動物的）棲息地

13.jbeyondone’swildestdreams大大超過所望的；大大出乎意料的

14.fconsequence推論；結(jié)果；成果

15.lcollide碰撞；沖突；抵觸

16.gcollaboration合作

17.tperspective透鏡，望遠鏡；觀點

18.din-service在職的，在職期間進行的，不脫產(chǎn)的

19.nunrealistic不現(xiàn)實的

20.iunethical不道德的

Ⅱ.Fillintheblankswithwordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwhere

necessary.(10%)

1.Localgovernmentsmusttakethe_____toregulatetheloansinorderto

preventanotherroundofinvestmentrobust.

2.Duringthepasttenmonths,thetax_____fromthesefirmsstoodat715.1

billionyuan(86billionUSdollars),up22.5percentyear-on-year.

3.ColdairforminginSiberiawillcomeandcoolthecapitalcitydown.Rain

andsleetremaina_____.

4.Deliberatebirthdateselectionwillproducesmall-scalebabyboom,_____

meanshighcompetitionineducation,jobmarket,socialwelfareandother

fieldsforthegeneration.

5._____itsenginedieddidIrealizewhathadmadethecarsospecial.

6.Iseefourkindsof_____workingoncollegestudentstoday:economic

pressure,parentalpressure,peerpressure,andself-inducedpressure.

7.Students’_____inteaching,socialserviceandotheraltruisticfieldsisata

low,whileenrollmentinbusinessprograms,engineeringandcomputer

scienceiswayup.

8.Frankly,I’mproudoftheyoungwoman—notofherattitude,butofher

_____.

9.Whensomeonehasusedacomputertowriteworkthatissuperiorto

Dante’s,andwhenthis_____isproventobeduetotheuseofacomputer,

thenIwillspeakofcomputerswithamorerespectfultoneofvoice.

10.TheAmericanhabitofconductingbusinessatbreakfasthasreached

Europe,butIdoubtitwilleverreally_____.

11.HavingtastedofthewineofKnowledge,Icouldnotnowaltermy_____.

12.Arecent_____isthenationwideinterestingoodhealth,butmanyfads

comefromthistrend:specialdiets,importedwater,andthelike.

13.Itiswell-acceptedthatmenandwomenshouldbeequally_____for

bringingupchildren.

14.Therearenosimple_____totheproblemofoverpopulation.

15.Icarryyourideafurther,oransweryourquestionsorobjections,or_____

orquestionyou.

16.TheChinesegovernmenthasattachedgreat_____totradecooperation

withCuba.

17.Withthenewyearfast_____,manyworkersmightalsobethinkingabout

afreshstart.

18.Wehopetheywillfeelmoreatease_____workingoverseas.

19.Morethan7billionUSdollarsworthofinsurancefundswillbeallowed

toinvest_____intothestockmarket.

20.Inorderto_____theseproblems,itiscrucialtocontinueimplementing

themacroeconomiccontrolpolicies.

【答案與解析】

1.initiatives

（句意：為了阻止另一輪強勁投資出現(xiàn)，當?shù)卣鲃硬扇〈胧┕芸刭J

款。taketheinitiativestodosth....主動采取措施做……。）

2.collection

（該句大意為“這些銀行的賦稅已達7151億元”。taxcollection征稅，賦

稅。）

3.superiority

（句意：西伯利亞冷空氣即將來襲，以雨夾雪為主。故此處填

superiority。）

4.which

（逗號前為完整的句子，逗號后面有謂語賓語，因此這里是非限定定語

從句，缺少關系代詞作主語。故該空填which。）

5.Notuntil

（該句有倒裝成分，后面能接倒裝是notuntil。）

6.pressures

（后面提到四種壓力，因此用復數(shù)形式pressures。）

7.interest

（句意：學生對教書、社會服務和其他利于他人專業(yè)的興趣降到了一個

很低的水平。故此處填interest。）

8.success

（句意：我為年輕女性感到自豪，不為她的態(tài)度，而為她的成功?？芍?/p>

該空是一個名詞。故此處填success。）

9.possibly

（分析原句成分可知該空應為副詞，后文表示一種可能要是可以證實是

使用電腦的緣故，我就會用更加禮貌的語氣來談電腦，故此處填

possibly。）

10.catchon

（catchon流行起來。句意：美國人邊吃早餐邊做生意的習慣已經(jīng)傳到歐

洲，我懷疑它是否真的能流行起來。）

11.course

（句意：已經(jīng)品嘗過知識的美酒，已經(jīng)無法改變我前進的方向了。course

道路；航向。故該空填course。）

12.trend

（后面提到許多潮流都是來自這個趨勢，因此前文的空應為trend，前后

呼應。）

13.responsible

（大家普遍接受，男人和女人對撫養(yǎng)孩子具有一樣的責任。be

responsiblefor對……負責。）

14.solutions

（句意：對于人口過剩問題，沒有簡單的解決辦法?？芍?，該空填名詞

復數(shù)形式solutions。）

15.challenge

（從后文“questionyou”，可知該空應與question并列。故此處填

challenge。）

16.importance

（attachgreatimportanceto...對……看重。）

17.approaching

（句意：隨著新年腳步快速臨近，許多員工希望有一個新的開始。此處

為“with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞”句式作伴隨狀語，該空填approaching。）

18.when

（句意：我們希望他們在國外工作的時候，能更加輕松。可知這里缺少

時間狀語。故填when。）

19.directly

（句意：價值超過七十億美元的保險基金將直接投資到股票市場。故該

空填directly。）

20.tackle

（根據(jù)后文的problems可知，此處指需要解決一些問題。故填tackle。）

Ⅲ.Ineachitem,chooseonewordorphrasethatbestkeepsthemeaningof

thesentenceifitissubstitutedfortheboldfacedwordorphrase.(10%)

1.ThefarmministersfromEuropeancountriesscheduledanemergency

meetinginLuxemburginhopesofeasingtheworldwide“madcow”panic.

A.shock

B.fear

C.confusion

D.disaster

【答案】B

【解析】句意：歐洲國家農(nóng)業(yè)部長們在盧森堡召開緊急會議，希望能緩

解全球瘋牛病引起的恐慌。panic恐慌，驚慌。fear害怕，恐懼。兩者意

義最接近。shock震驚。confusion疑惑。disaster災難。因此本題最佳選

項為B。

2.Speechesanddiscussionsconcentrateonthepresentsituationofthe

broadcastmediaanditstrendofdevelopment.

A.developalong

B.goaround

C.focuson

D.holdon

【答案】C

【解析】句意：演講和討論內(nèi)容主要關注于目前廣播媒體現(xiàn)狀及其發(fā)展

情況。concentrateon集中精力于；關注。focuson集中精力于；關注。

兩者意義相近且用法相同。developalong隨著……發(fā)展。goaround四處

走動；（消息）流傳。holdon等一下；繼續(xù)。因此本題答案選C。

3.Thetwo-dayeventwillalsohighlighteconomicandtechnologicalties,

globalsecurityandthefightagainstterrorismandcorruption.

A.indicate

B.show

C.layemphasison

D.concern

【答案】C

【解析】句意：為期兩天的活動也將著重關注于經(jīng)濟與科技的紐帶關

系、全球安全性問題以及反恐反腐敗問題。highlight強調(diào)，注重。lay

emphasison強調(diào)，注重。indicate表明。show展現(xiàn)出。concern涉及。因

此本題最佳選項為C。

4.Thetwoleadersreachedextensiveconsensusonfurtherstrengtheningties

betweenChinaandIndonesia.

A.identity

B.aspects

C.discussion

D.agreement

【答案】D

【解析】句意：雙方領導人就中印雙方進一步合作發(fā)展達成一致。reach

consensuson就……達成共識。reachagreementon就……達成一致。其余

不能直接搭配。因此本題正確答案選D。

5.Earlier,thegroupsubmittedanannualrecommendationreportonregional

cooperationtotheleaders.

A.produced

B.presented

C.addressed

D.delivered

【答案】D

【解析】句意：早前，小組將關于區(qū)域合作的年度推薦報告交給領導

了。submit呈遞。deliver提交，交付。present呈報。produce產(chǎn)生。因

此，本題正確選項選D。

6.ThroughthenewprogramjointlysponsoredbytheChineseMinistryof

FinanceandtheWorldBank,Chinawillhostseveraltrainingprojects,hold

forumsandsponsorresearchprojects.

A.hosted

B.signed

C.held

D.funded

【答案】D

【解析】句意：通過中國財政部和世界銀行聯(lián)合贊助的新項目，中國將

負責幾項培訓項目，主持論壇活動以及贊助研究項目等。sponsor贊助。

fund資助。host主持。sign簽訂。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

7.ChinaandtheASEANwillcontinuetoprioritizethemajorareas,namely

agriculture,informationtechnology,andhumanresourcedevelopment.

A.highlight

B.project

C.enforce

D.survey

【答案】A。

【解析】句意：中國和東盟將繼續(xù)優(yōu)先發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)、信息技術和人力資源

等重要領域。prioritize優(yōu)先于。highlight著重于。project設計；計劃。

enforce執(zhí)行。survey調(diào)查。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

8.ChinahasreactedangrilytoaUSmovetoincreasetradebarriersonits

textileproducts.

A.quotas

B.blocks

C.balance

D.surplus

【答案】B

【解析】句意：中國對美國增加紡織品貿(mào)易壁壘的舉動表示不滿。trade

barrier貿(mào)易壁壘。tradeblock貿(mào)易禁令。tradequota貿(mào)易配額。trade

balance貿(mào)易平衡。tradesurplus貿(mào)易順差。因此本題最佳選項為B。

9.Theindependence,sovereignty,nationalunityandterritorialintegrityof

thecountryshouldbeobserved.

A.watched

B.adheredto

C.considered

D.celebrated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：必須遵守國家獨立，國家主權(quán)統(tǒng)一，領土完整的規(guī)定。

observe遵守。adhereto堅持；遵守。watch監(jiān)控。consider考慮。celebrate

慶祝。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

10.Moregraduatesshifttheirattentionfromsalarytotheprospectoftheir

career.

A.promise

B.multitude

C.opportunities

D.possibility

【答案】D

【解析】句意：更多畢業(yè)生將注意力從薪資轉(zhuǎn)向就業(yè)前景上。prospect前

景。possibility未來可能發(fā)生的事。promise承諾；希望。multitude多

數(shù)；群眾。opportunity機會。因此本題最佳選項為D。

11.Ournextstepistoprovidemoretrainingprogramstopotentialoverseas

workers,includingforeignlanguagestraining,workingskillstrainingand

legalassistance.

A.conceivable

B.likely

C.capable

D.possible

【答案】D

【解析】句意：下一步就是給有潛力的海外工作人員提供更多的外語培

訓項目，工作技能培訓項目以及法律資助。potential潛在的；可能的。

possible能勝任的；合適的；可能的。conceivable可想得到的。likely合

適的；可能的。capable有能力的。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

12.Hecalledforthecontinued,sounddevelopmentofbilateralcooperation

invariousareas,includingeconomyandtrade,finance,andscienceand

technology.

A.overall

B.long-term

C.all-round

D.healthy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他要求在經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易，金融以及科技等不同領域進行持續(xù)

健康的合作發(fā)展。sound健康的；合理的。healthy健康的。overall全部

的。long-term長期的。all-round全方面的。因此，本題正確選項為D。

13.Therelatedauthoritiesmustappropriatelyhandletheremainingproblems,

findoutthecausesoftheaccidentandpreventfurtheroccurrenceofsimilar

accidents.

A.resolve

B.dealwith

C.answer

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】句意：相關政府必須適當?shù)慕鉀Q剩下的問題，找到意外發(fā)生的

原因以及進一步阻止類似事故發(fā)生。handle解決；處理。dealwith處

理。resolve決心；解決。answer回答。因此本題選B。

14.Seniorofficialshavemadenosubstantivechangestoaplannedstatement

toendorsetheUNtimetableforelectionsinIraq.

A.material

B.obvious

C.considerate

D.considerable

【答案】D

【解析】句意：高級官員對核實伊拉克選句的聯(lián)合國時間表的計劃聲明

沒有做出重大改變。substantive實質(zhì)性的。considerable相當大的；重要

的。material重要的；物質(zhì)的。obvious明顯的。considerate體貼的；體諒

的。因此，本題正確答案選D。

15.Asolutiontothecrisiswillonlybepossibleifcompromisesaremade,

notonlybetweentherivalpartieswithinUkraine,butalsoamongthe

conflictingviewsintherestoftheworld.

A.concessions

B.giveaway

C.promises

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果烏克蘭雙方敵對黨派做出妥協(xié)，以及其他國家互相

沖突的觀點做出折衷，那就有可能解決危機問題。compromise讓步，妥

協(xié)，折衷。concession讓步。giveaway泄露。promise許諾，允諾。

guarantee保證。因此，本題正確答案選A。

16.Asrequired,theenterprisesshouldreportthestatusoftheholding

company’sprogresswiththeassetdisposalandmajorproblemstheyface.

A.place

B.course

C.state

D.achievement

【答案】C

【解析】句意：按照規(guī)定，企業(yè)應當報告控股公司資產(chǎn)處置進展情況以

及企業(yè)面臨的主要問題。status狀態(tài)；情形。place地方。course課程；進

程。state國家；情形。achievement成就；完成。因此，本題最佳選項為

C。

17.Tocopewithcripplingenergyshortage,Chinalaunchedacomprehensive

energysavingplanTuesday,effectivefromnowto2020.

A.staged

B.accepted

C.sent

D.mappedout

【答案】D

【解析】句意：為解決能源減少問題，中國在周二發(fā)布了一項全面的能

源節(jié)約計劃，有效期至2020年。launch發(fā)起，發(fā)動。mapout籌劃。stage

舉行；籌劃。accept接受。sent送，寄出。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

18.Duringthenextthreedays,thetemperatureisexpectedtodrop4to6

degreesConaveragewithmoderatewinds.

A.strong

B.violent

C.warm

D.mild

【答案】D

【解析】句意：未來三天，氣溫將平均下降四至六度，并伴有溫和微

風。moderate溫和的。mild溫和的。兩者詞意相近。strong強烈的。

violent猛烈的。warm溫暖的。因此，本題正確選項為D。

19.Exceptmanyclimatologistsandgreengroupsfeartheywillcometrue

unlessthereisaconcertedglobalefforttoreiningreenhousegasemissions.

A.charge

B.discharge

C.waste

D.increase

【答案】B

【解析】句意：很多氣候?qū)W家和綠色組織擔心這一切會變成現(xiàn)實，除非

全球的人們能夠達成共識，協(xié)力控制溫室氣體的排放。emission排放。

discharge排放。charge費用；電荷。waste消耗，浪費。increase增加。因

此，本題正確答案選B。

20.Asoneofthefastestgrowingandmostintriguingtourismdestinationsin

theworld,Chinaisbecomingamagnetfortravel-relatedbusinesses.

A.adestination

B.atourist

C.anattraction

D.ascenicspot

【答案】C

【解析】句意：作為世界上發(fā)展最快最吸引人的旅游業(yè)之一的國家，中

國將成為吸引旅游相關行業(yè)的磁石。magnet磁石。attraction吸引人的

（人或事）。destination目的地。tourist旅行者。scenicspot景點。因

此，本題答案選C。

Ⅳ.ReadingComprehension(40%)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand

writeitontheAnswerSheet.

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveand

respectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofan

elevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.Whyareuniformsso

popularintheUnitedStates?

Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmost

peopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian（百姓的）clothes.People

havebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsa

uniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremore

trustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagarage

mechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,a

policeman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity（身份）thanto

stepoutofuniform?

Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.They

saveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible（可減稅的）.Theyareoften

morecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.

Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyand

theconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwear

them.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticular

typeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeople

lookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.

Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-

lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.

Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldry

cleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilian

clothes.

1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality

_____.

A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes

B.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard

C.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity

D.willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform

2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform_____.

A.suggestsqualitywork

B.discardshissocialidentity

C.appearstobemorepractical

D.lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes

3.Thechieffunctionofauniformisto_____.

A.providepracticalbenefitstothewearer

B.makethewearercatchthepubliceye

C.inspirethewearer’sconfidenceinhimself

D.providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms_____.

A.areusuallyhelpful

B.havelittleornoindividualfreedom

C.tendtolosetheirindividuality

D.enjoygreaterpopularity

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.

A.UniformsandSociety

B.TheImportanceofWearingaUniform

C.PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniform

D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniforms

【答案與解析】

1.B根據(jù)文章第一段可知，美國人以其多樣性以及個性為傲，但對統(tǒng)一

制服卻有著愛意和尊重。因此，本題正確答案選B。

2.A結(jié)合第二段第一、二句話“...lookmoreprofessionalthancivilian

clothes”“expectsuperiorquality”可知，穿制服的人看起來更專業(yè)，一般

認為穿制服的人都從事高質(zhì)量行業(yè)。因此，正確答案選A。

3.D根據(jù)第二段最后一句話可知不同行業(yè)的制服可以表明自己的身份。

4.C根據(jù)文章第四段第一句話可知，有些人覺得穿制服缺乏多樣性，會

喪失個性。故本題正確答案選C。

5.D分析全文可知，第二段主要講制服的優(yōu)點，第四、五段主要講缺

點。因此本題正確選項為D，制服的優(yōu)缺點。

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Brazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld’sgreatsuccessesatreducing

populationgrowth—butmorebyaccidentthandesign.Whilecountriessuch

asIndiahavemadejointeffortstoreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadbetter

resultwithoutreallytrying,saysGeorgeMartineatHarvard.

Brazil’spopulationgrowthratehasdroppedfrom2.99%ayearbetween1951

and1960to1.93%ayearbetween1981and1990,andBrazilianwomennow

haveonly2.7childrenonaverage.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallen

stillfurthersince1990,anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyother

ThirdWorldcountries.

Martineputsitdownto,amongotherthings,soapoperas（肥皂劇）and

installment（分期付款）plansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedan

important,althoughindirect,roleinloweringthebirthrate.Brazilisoneof

theworld’sbiggestproducersofsoapoperas.Globo,Brazil’smostpopular

televisionnetwork,showsthreehoursofsoapssixnightsaweek,whilethree

othersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedonwealthy

characterslivingthehighlifeinbigcities.

“Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinamessagetowardsthe

problemsofreproduction,theydescribemiddleandupperclassvalues—not

manychildren,womenworking,”saysMartine.“Theysentthisimagetoall

partsofBrazilandmadepeopleconsciousofotherpatternsofbehaviorand

othervalues,whichwereputintoaveryattractivepackage.”

Meanwhile,theinstallmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecome

consumers.“Thisledtoanenormouschangeinconsumptionpatternsand

consumptionwasincompatible（不相容的）withunlimitedreproduction,”

saysMartine.

6.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilhaslowereditspopulationgrowth_____.

A.byeducatingitscitizens

B.bycarefulfamilyplanning

C.bydevelopingTVprogrammes

D.bychance

7.Accordingtothepassage,manyThirdWorldcountries_____.

A.haven’tattachedmuchattentiontobirthcontrol

B.wouldsoonjoinBrazilincontrollingtheirbirthrate

C.haven’tyetfoundaneffectivemeasuretocontroltheirpopulation

D.neglectedtheroleofTVplaysinfamilyplanning

8.Thephrase“putsitdownto”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto“_____”.

A.attributesitto

B.findsitareasonfor

C.sumsitupas

D.comparesitto

9.SoapoperashavehelpedinloweringBrazil’sbirthratebecause_____.

A.theykeeppeoplesittinglonghourswatchingTV

B.theyhavegraduallychangedpeople’swayoflife

C.peoplearedrawntotheirattractivepackage

D.theypopularizebirthcontrolmeasures

10.WhatisMartine’sconclusionaboutBrazil’spopulationgrowth?

A.Theincreaseinbirthratewillincreaseconsumption.

B.Thedesireforconsumptionhelpstoreducebirthrate.

C.Consumptionpatternsandreproductionpatternsarecontradictory

D.Acountry’sproductionislimitedbyitspopulationgrowth.

【答案與解析】

6.D根據(jù)文章第一段第一句后半部分“byaccident”可知，巴西成功減緩

人口增長速度只是意外。因此，本題正確選項選D。

7.C根據(jù)第二段最后一句“anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmany

otherThirdWorldcountries.”暗示，這些國家做的都不如巴西成功。故答

案選C。

8.A由第三段上下文確定“putitdownto”中的“it”是指巴西成功減緩人口

增加的事實，句中“to”后接的是導致這一事實的兩大原因，前后顯然構(gòu)

成一種因果關系，故答案選A。

9.C根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句話“thisimage...wereputintoavery

attractivepackage.”可知，這些形象送往巴西各處，進行很吸引人的包

裝，因此本題正確答案選C。

10.B根據(jù)第三段首句，Martin給巴西的人口增長的緩慢總結(jié)了兩條：肥

皂劇與分期付款計劃。分期付款計劃就是指人們的消費欲望。

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Solongasteachersfailtodistinguishbetweenteachingandlearning,they

willcontinuetoundertaketodoforchildrenthatwhichonlychildrencando

forthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.It

iscertainlynotendlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutreading.Douglasinsists

that“readingcannotbetaughtdirectlyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtodo

theimpossible.”

Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferin

kindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandthe

climatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficient

systemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsoapublicactivity:It

canbeseenandobserved.

Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestomakesenseofthe

worldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivate,forlearningisan

occupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny.

Ifteacherandlearnerrolesarenotinterchangeable,whatthencanbedone

throughteachingthatwillaidthechildinthequest（探索）forknowledge?

Smithhasoneprincipalruleforallteachinginstructions.“Makelearningto

readeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequent

experienceforchildren.”

Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,andwhen

bothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemappropriately,thenmuchofthepressure

andfeelingoffailureforbothiseliminated.Learningtoreadismadeeasier

whenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventhe

opportunitytosolvetheproblemoflearningtoreadbylearning.

11.Theproblemwiththereadingcourseasmentionedinthefirstparagraph

isthat_____.

A.toomuchtimeisspentinteachingaboutreading

B.readingtasksaregivenwithlittleguidance

C.itisoneofthemostdifficultschoolcourses

D.studentsspendlimitedhoursinreading

12.Theteachingofreadingwillbesuccessfulif_____.

A.teacherscanmaketheirteachingactivitiesobservable

B.teacherscandevisethemostefficientsystemforreading

C.teacherscanimproveconditionsatschoolforthestudents

D.teacherscanenablestudentstodeveloptheirownwayofreading

13.Theword“scrutiny”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans“_____”.

A.suspicion

B.control

C.observation

D.inquiry

14.Accordingtothepassage,learningtoreadwillnolongerbeadifficult

taskwhen_____.

A.teachinghelpschildreninthesearchforknowledge

B.teacherandlearnerrolesareinterchangeable

C.readingenricheschildren’experience

D.childrenbecomehighlymotivated

15.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____.

A.readingismorecomplicatedthangenerallybelievable

B.readingabilityissomethinggainedratherthantaught

C.teachersshouldencouragestudentstoreadaswidelyaspossible

D.teachersshoulddoaslittleaspossibleinhelpingstudentslearntoread

【答案與解析】

11.A根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Itiscertainlynotendlesshoursspentin

activitiesaboutreading.”可知，花在閱讀上的時間太長了。故答案選A。

12.D根據(jù)第三段可知，學習閱讀是很個人的事情，讓每個人都能了解

文字，其過程也不會公開。因此閱讀需要養(yǎng)成自己的閱讀習慣。故答案

選D。

13.C根據(jù)第三段第二句前文說道閱讀是件私事，可推測后文說閱讀過

程是不對外公開的。observation觀察；監(jiān)視。suspicion懷疑。control控

制。inquiry探究；調(diào)查。scrutiny監(jiān)視。故本題答案選C。

14.D根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話和最后一段最后一句“Makelearningto

readeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequent

experienceforchildren.”可知，要想學習閱讀的方法變簡單，就要孩子經(jīng)

常閱讀，自主閱讀，體驗樂趣，調(diào)動積極性。故答案選D。

15.B結(jié)合全文以及最后一段最后一句可知，閱讀能力并不是教出來

的，每個人都有不同的閱讀習慣，而老師需要創(chuàng)造環(huán)境讓孩子自己去閱

讀解決問題。故答案選B。

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bythe

endofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkand

robotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,

they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearly

aspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexas

conversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizethe

shapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwent

wrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparate

thehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,

andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.Anewmovement

inAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayin

whichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudy

evolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventional

computerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewant

toworkwithbraincellsproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareas

promisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementis

slowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural（神經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintheright

direction,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstill

missesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthe

brainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’s

notsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthings

goingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthat

manyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiency

oftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwayto

buildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaround

thesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,theoptionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwareare

fundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthe

brainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConrad

andhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

16.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday_____.

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

17.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom_____.

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-

by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-old

child

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetween

transistorsandbraincells

18.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormous

effortsto_____.

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

19.What’stheauthorsopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

A.ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwill

soondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfuture

prospects.

20.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygame

intown”(Para.4)?

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案與解析】

16.D根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Nevermindsomethingascomplexas

conversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizethe

shapeofanobject…”可知，當今最強大的計算機還在努力學習物體識

別，更別說和人交談這樣復雜的事情了。故本題答案選D。

17.B根據(jù)第二段第二句“AIhasbeentryingtoseparate…duplicatethem

withlogical,step-by-stepprograms.”可知，問題是人工智能試圖分離諸如

語言、數(shù)學這類最高最抽象的思維層次，試圖利用邏輯程序一步步對其

進行復制。后文又提到人工智能的新動向密切注意研究人工智能與自然

之間那種迂回曲折的關系。故該題答案選B。

18.C根據(jù)題意確定答案在第三段，根據(jù)Conrad對自己研究的評述

（says），研究中的發(fā)現(xiàn)（examples），假設（believe）與斷言

（claim），可歸納推斷他們是在智能如何發(fā)展這一方面的研究中做了

巨大的努力。

19.B第二段的最后一句“...heresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromising

astheyarepeculiar...thenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurely

movingtotheforefrontofthefield.”可知，作者認為早期所作的努力是有

希望的，并能成為尖端領域。故本題答案選B。

20.A閱讀中詞語的理解也不能脫離短文主題，game一詞有“游戲、競賽

方法規(guī)則、策略、計謀”等多種釋義，D是短語的簡單改寫，不可能作為

答案，B重點在獲獎也與短文內(nèi)容相距甚遠，也應排除。容易混淆的是

選項C，只是C側(cè)重研究領域，即范圍，而本文主要討論研究方法即途

徑。故本題答案選A。

Ⅴ.ClozeTest(10%)

Directions:Readthewholepassageandchoosethe