高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)名稱結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞基本用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.be動(dòng)詞用am/is/are，后接n./a./prep.often;usually;every…;sometimes;always;never;seldom;once/twice/…aweek/month/year;onSundays/Mondays/….;1)表示現(xiàn)在存在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.Thechildrengotoschoolatseveneverymorning.2)表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力等。Thechildrendrawwell.Doesshelikesports?3)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。Thesunrisesintheeast.Twoplustwomakesfour.Knowledgeispower.4）在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Whentheyleaveschool,theywillgotoworkinTibet.IfYouseehim，willyoutellhimtoringme?We'llvisitthecottonmillifitisfinetomorrow.5）表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作(一般只限于某些表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，arrive,leave，begin,start等)，這種安排很固定，不易改變。Thetrainstartsatteno'clockinthemorning.Thefilmbeginsinaminute.WhendoestheJapaneseYouthdelegationleaveforXi’an?2.行為動(dòng)詞用v.或v.-s、-es.一般過(guò)去時(shí)1．be動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式was或were表示。yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;lastweek/month/year/….;…ago;amomentago;justnow;on/in+過(guò)去的時(shí)間;1)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)WehadagoodswimlastSunday.Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.2)敘述過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事。Hegotupearlyinthemorning，fetchedwater，swepttheyardandthenwentouttowork.3)表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Whenmybrotherwasateenager，heplayedtabletennisalmosteveryday.Itusedtobedifficulttogetdrinkingwaterhere.其他用法：(1)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，由于時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在：Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在這兒。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy．我沒(méi)想到你這么忙。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)(2)表示客氣委婉的現(xiàn)在：Iwonderedifyouwerefreethisevening.不知您今晚是否有空。Ithoughtyoumightlikesomeflowers.我想您也許想要些花?！咀ⅰ磕苓@樣有的動(dòng)詞主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。(3)用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中:It’stimewestarted.我們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。IwishIknewhisname.要是我知道他的名字就好了。I’dratheryoulivedclosertous.我希望你能住得離我們近點(diǎn)?！咀ⅰ吭撚梅ㄖ饕糜趇t’s(high)time,Iwish,I’drather,ifonly,asif,asthough等少數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)后接從句的情形。(4)表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在：IfIhadthemoneynowI’dbuyacar.假若我現(xiàn)在有錢，我就買輛小汽車。(5)當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。IhavelivedinthehousesinceIcametothecity.GreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceIvisitedthecity.2.行為動(dòng)詞用V-ed。特別注意：1.Thisis(Itis)thefirst/secondtimethat…句型中，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在“Itwasthesecondtimethat…”中，也能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。ThisisthesecondtimethatIhaveseenthefilm.ThatwasthethirdtimethatIhadvisitedtheplace.2.Itis(hasbeen)…since句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Itis（hasbeen）threeyearssinceIbegantoworkonthestatefarm.3.在完成時(shí)中，一個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（for,since,howlong等）連用，此時(shí)必須將該瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。buyhaveborrowkeepcatch/getacoldhaveacoldcome/arrive/reach/gettobebecomebegobeputonwearjoinbeingotoschoolbeastudentdiebedeadbegin/startbeonleavebea

ayfallasleepbeasleepopenbeopenclose/shutbeclosedendbeovermarrybemarriedHehascomebackforthreeweeks.(×)Hehasbeenbackforthreeweeks.(√)Thewriterhasdiedfortwoyears.(×)Thewriterhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(√)Hehasleftfor6days.(×)Hehasbeenawayfor6days.(√)過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+p.p（過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去的過(guò)去：by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間；表“過(guò)去某動(dòng)作或時(shí)間以前”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作。Bytheendoflastweekwehadlearnedtenlessons.Intheexhibitionhesawmanyoilpaintingsthathehadneverseenbefore.2)表示由過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。Itrainedyesterdayafterithadbeendryformanymonths.Hesaidthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinhishometownsince1980.3)常用語(yǔ)nosooner…than…和hardly(scarcely)…when…句型的主句中，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。（倒裝）Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.他一到家，就開始下雨了。Hehadhardlygotonthetrainwhenthetrainstartedout.他剛上火車，火車就開了。4)在wouldrather,wouldprefer等后面的從句中，如果表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。I’dratheryouhadbeenhereyesterday.要是你昨晚在這就好了。將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shallhave+p.pby+將來(lái)時(shí)間bythetime+將來(lái)時(shí)間表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。Bytheendofthisweek，Ishallhavefinishedthebook.Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)should/wouldhave+p.p表示在過(guò)去的將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。Hesaidhewouldhavepaidbackthemoneybytheendoftheweek.Wetoldhimthatweshouldhavereturnedtothecampbyfouro'clock.IhopedshewouldhavefinishedtheworkbeforeIgotback.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)名稱結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeen+v-ing表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能已經(jīng)終止，也可能仍然在進(jìn)行著。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.Hehasbeenworkingonthepaperallday.--HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?--IhavebeenlearningEnglishfortwoyears.注意：有些不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如be，have，like，love，know，see，hear等，同樣也不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，而只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Shehasbeenillforalongtime.Ihavenotseenyouforages.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)hadbeen+V-ing表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過(guò)去這個(gè)時(shí)間，這一動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行，也可能已經(jīng)停止。Thebabyhadbeencryingforfifteenminuteswhenhermothercamein.Theteacherhadbeenteachingforfortyyearsbythetimeheretired.Itseemedtoherthattheboyshadbeenshoutingforalongtime.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.ThereareIt’sgoodtoseeyouagain,Agnes.—ThishasbeenourfirstchancetovisitsincefromIran.A.youreturnB.youreturnedC.youhavereturnedD.returningIfit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine4.ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel5.Sorry,Ican’topenthedoor,forIthekeytoit.A.lostB.loseC.hadlostD.havelost6.“What'sthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.”“Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I___ofmyfriendsbackhome.”A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingD.havejustthought7.—DidyouexpectFranktocometotheparty?—No,butIhadhoped.A.himcomingB.himtocomeC.thathecomesD.thathewouldcome8.—Bobmustbeverywealthy.—Yes,hemoreinonedaythanIdoinaweek.A.hasbeenearnedB.hadearnedC.earnsD.hasearned9.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked10.She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcome11.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studyingMrGordenaskedmetoremindyouofthemeetingthisafternoon.Don’tforgetit!OK.I______.A.won'tB.don'tC.willD.doWhenIreachedhome,myparents__________theirsupper.A.arehavingB.havealreadyhad C.havehadD.hadalreadyhadShe__________inthisschool________thepasttenyears.A.wasteaching,sinceB.hadbeenteaching,sinceC.wouldteach,forD.hasbeenteaching,forIfirstmetTom10yearsago.He______inaradiofactoryatthattime.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.hasbeenworkingWhat______whenIphonedyou?I______mywork,andIwantedtogoout.A.haveyoudone;finished B.wereyoudoing;havefinishedC.didyoudo;hadjustfinished D.wereyoudoing;hadjustfinishedIusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysI______coffee.A.preferB.preferredC.hadpreferredD.ampreferringJimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Never______himtalksomuch.A.IheardB.didIhearC.IhadheardD.hadIheardHe___articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe____aboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting;haswrittenB.hadbeenwriting;wroteC.iswriting;hasbeenwritingD.haswritten;haswrittenWhenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.comesD.wouldcomeHowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsideredWho’sthemanoverthere?It’sJack.Oh?______inItaly.A.Ithinkhe’sB.I’vethoughthe’sbeenC.IthoughthewasD.I’dthoughthe’dbeenIthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe______it.A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned—Howlong________eachotherbeforethey________married?—Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;getC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;gotWewouldliketogoandthankhimourselves，butwe