第10講.閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞義題

第十講閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞義題【考點(diǎn)說明】閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞義題在閱讀考試中考察得比重不大，但難度很大。在有傳統(tǒng)閱讀題型的聯(lián)盟考試（復(fù)旦千分考、北約、卓越同盟）中，四選一的閱讀理解有時(shí)會(huì)考這種題型，其中復(fù)旦千分考考查較多，幾乎每年都有該題型。此類題目考查的是考生對(duì)閱讀文章中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)的理解能力，對(duì)考生的上下文分析能力要求比較高。【題型特點(diǎn)分析】對(duì)于文中單詞的考查又無外乎兩種情況：一種是多義常用詞在特定語(yǔ)境中的具體含義；一種是可以根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)出含義的生僻詞匯。常見題干表現(xiàn)形式如：①Theword“…”mostlyprobablymeans…②Bysaying“…”,theauthormeans…③Theword“…”mostlyprobablyrefers…④Whichofthefollowingistheclosetinmeaningtotheword“…”⑤Thestatement“…”probablymeans…【解題技巧】猜測(cè)詞義時(shí)，一般可利用以下四個(gè)方面的線索：一．通過構(gòu)詞法根據(jù)前綴，后綴，轉(zhuǎn)化猜測(cè)詞義如：ButjudgingfromrecentstudiesOfcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears，boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive．【解析】“counter”表示“相反的、逆向的”，而“productive”表示“產(chǎn)生的”，再綜合上下文，我們可以斷定其含義是“對(duì)健康有害意思。所以答案為D。注：關(guān)于這一塊內(nèi)容，建議復(fù)習(xí)第二講中的構(gòu)詞法二．篇章邏輯關(guān)系法所謂邏輯關(guān)系法，即通過理解引號(hào)內(nèi)的部分在原文中所在的句子，以及其之前和之后的句子，并通過這些句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系判斷引號(hào)內(nèi)部分的含義。這里常見的句子之間的關(guān)系有：并列關(guān)系。其特征是，句子之間由and,or等并列連詞連接，或者沒有連接詞。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。其特征是，句子之間由but,yet,however,still,contraryto,incontrast等轉(zhuǎn)折連詞連接。因果關(guān)系。在句子或段落中，若兩個(gè)事物現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推測(cè)生詞詞義。利用邏輯關(guān)系法解答語(yǔ)義理解題的做題步驟是：1，回歸原文在原文中找到題干中引號(hào)內(nèi)的部分，這一步非常簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)轭}干中會(huì)標(biāo)出引號(hào)內(nèi)部分在文中的段落數(shù)和行數(shù)。2，瞻前顧后在原文中找到定位后，就要判斷引號(hào)內(nèi)部分和它之前、之后的句子的關(guān)系，并且通過閱讀相應(yīng)的句子理解引號(hào)內(nèi)的部分的含義。這一步最關(guān)鍵也最靈活，下面筆者還會(huì)結(jié)合今年真題進(jìn)行具體對(duì)此進(jìn)行講解。3，比對(duì)選項(xiàng)最后一步，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別與從上一步中得到的信息做比對(duì)，選出一致選項(xiàng)。三．文章內(nèi)針對(duì)性解釋1.根據(jù)定義（definition）猜測(cè)詞義如果生詞有一個(gè)句子（定語(yǔ)從句或是同位語(yǔ)前常有or,similarly,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say等>或是同位語(yǔ)從句）或段落來定義,或使用破折號(hào)，冒號(hào)，分號(hào)后的內(nèi)容和引號(hào)括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容加以解釋和定義，那么理解這個(gè)句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為：be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,becalled,define,represent,referto,signify等。如：Asupernovaisamassivestarthatundergoesagravitationalcollapse,thenagiganticexplosion,blastingawaytheouterlayersintospace.【解析】Supernova是一種巨大的恒星，它不斷進(jìn)行著引力的收縮，然后就會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的爆炸，而它的外層會(huì)隨著爆炸產(chǎn)生的巨大氣流被吹向外太空。這里的supernova對(duì)我們可能非常陌生，但這里的is給了我們對(duì)supernova的定義，所以我們知道其實(shí)它就是一種巨大的恒星。

2.根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測(cè)生詞的重索。表示例舉關(guān)系的詞常有：like,forexample,forinstance,suchas,especially,include,consistof如：Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefsandtraditionsthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.

【解析】此句中include后面的例子基本上表示出了“folklore”的內(nèi)容，這些東西都是通常所獲得的民俗傳統(tǒng)，這也就是folklore的基本含義。四．作者語(yǔ)氣推斷學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)注文章中三處展現(xiàn)的感情色彩：觀點(diǎn)句或者結(jié)論句出現(xiàn)的地方，代表人物或代表流派出現(xiàn)的地方，強(qiáng)烈感情色彩出現(xiàn)的地方。因?yàn)楦星樯释ㄟ^語(yǔ)境能夠傳達(dá)出很多單詞的大概意思或者說是關(guān)鍵特征，甚至強(qiáng)烈感情色彩還能給出下面很多文字的中心。如：Theymustgainanunderstandingofhumannature,includingitsnegativeaspects,suchasthesourcesofhumanconflictandthepitfallsofpower.【解析】他們必須獲得對(duì)人類本質(zhì)的理解，包括人類本質(zhì)中不好的方面，例如人類沖突的源泉和人類權(quán)利的pitfalls。雖然pitfalls很多同學(xué)并不認(rèn)識(shí)，但我們通過negativeaspects傳達(dá)出的負(fù)態(tài)度和suchas的舉例標(biāo)志詞，我們可以做出這樣的合理推測(cè)pitfalls表示不好的方面?！镜淅v】AEversincenewsofwidespreadfoodrecallscausedbyacarcinogenicdyebroke,therehasbeenconfusionoverpossiblelinkstothecountryofthesamename,butSudanofficialssaythereisnoconnectionwhatever.Sudan1isaredindustrialdyethathasbeenfoundinsomechillipowder,butwasbannedinfoodproductsacrosstheEuropeanUnion(EU)inJuly2003.Sincethebanwasputinplace,EUofficialshavebeenstrivingtoremovesomefoodproductsfromtheshelves.Sofar580productshavebeenrecalled.LastweekSudan’sEmbassyintheUnitedKingdomaskedtheFoodStandardsAgency(FSA)forclarificationoftheoriginofthedye’sname.Sudandyes,whichincludeSudan1to4,arereddyesusedforcoloringsolvents,oils,waxes,petrol,andshoeandfloorpolishes.TheyareclassifiedascarcinogensbytheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraphone?A.Causingcancer.

B.Havingsideeffect.

C.Containingpoison.

D.Poisonous.【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)TheyareclassifiedascarcinogensbytheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer.可知這個(gè)詞與癌癥有關(guān)，故可推出carcinogenic意為"致癌的"。注意信息點(diǎn)的尋找：注意信息點(diǎn)的尋找：我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)習(xí)慣于在劃線詞附近尋找解題的信息點(diǎn)，尋而不得時(shí)往往就會(huì)慌張，其實(shí)往下多看看，可能在后面的某一段就出現(xiàn)了相關(guān)的信息，因此，冷靜的尋找對(duì)于解題至關(guān)重要。BPeopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.1.Theword“bummer”mostprobablymeanssomething________.

A.religiousB.unpleasantC.entertainingD.commercial【答案】B【解析】詞義推測(cè)題。我們很容易地定位到本段末句，通過分析段落，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)本段共包括4句話，前三句之間并沒有出現(xiàn)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞匯，因此沒有轉(zhuǎn)折現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，而最后兩句之間出現(xiàn)Giveallthis作為連接，很明顯四句話之間均為順承關(guān)系，通過閱讀文章我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)前三句中出現(xiàn)的諸如misery,workeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung,theirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms等信息都是負(fù)性詞匯，因此bummer一詞必然表達(dá)了一種負(fù)面的含義，通過選項(xiàng)的分析，AD都為中性詞，只有B表達(dá)了負(fù)面含義，因此本題選擇B作為正確選項(xiàng)。注重句與句的關(guān)系：注重句與句的關(guān)系：英文文章行文緊湊，句與句之間的銜接也非常緊密，考試中常涉及的邏輯關(guān)系包括轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、因果、遞進(jìn)、并列等，而在具體的解題過程中，我們可以對(duì)其進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化處理：將句與句之間的關(guān)系簡(jiǎn)單地分為順承和轉(zhuǎn)折兩類，順承表示前后語(yǔ)句同義，而轉(zhuǎn)折表示前后語(yǔ)句反義，于是對(duì)于并列、因果、遞進(jìn)而言，前后句在方向上并未發(fā)生變化，而轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步則體現(xiàn)前后反差性。CIndeed,schoolsystemsinruralMaineandNewYorkCityareeagertofollowAraceMiddleSchool'sexample.GovernorAngusKinghasproposedusing$50millionfromanunexpectedbudgetsurplustobuyalaptopforallofMaine's17,000seventh-graders—andfornewseventh-graderseachfall.Thefundswouldcreateapermanentendowmentwhoseinterestwouldhelpbuythecomputers.Theplan,scaledbackto$30millioninacompromisewiththelegislature,isscheduledtobevotedonthisweek.Inthesamespirit，theNewYorkCityboardofeducationvotedunanimouslyonApril12tocreateaschoolInternetportal,whichwouldmakemoneybysellingadsandlicensinge-commercesites.Theportalwillalsoprovidee-mailserviceforthecity's1.1millionpublicschoolstudents.Profitswillbeusedtobuylaptopsforeachoftheschoolsystem's87,000fourth-graders.Withinnineyears,allstudentsingrades4andhigherwillhavetheirowncomputers.BackinBloomfield,theschoolboardisseekingfederalgrantmoneytoexpanditslaptopprogramtohighschoolstudents.Inthemeantime,mostofthekinkshavebeenworkedout.Somestudentswereusingtheircomputerstogoofofforvisitunauthorizedwebsites.ButteachershavetheabilitytotrackwherestudentshavebeenontheWebandtorestrictthem.“Thatistheworstwhentheydisableyou”，sayseighth-gradehonorsstudentJamieBassell."Yougothroughlaptopwithdrawal.”Thehabitisrubbingoffonparents.“Itaughtmymomtousee-mail,"saysanothereighth-grader,Katherine.34. Theunderlinedword“kink”mostprobablymeans___.A.plan B.method C.problem D.process【答案】C【解析】詞義推斷題。屬于比較明顯的舉例分析，根據(jù)后文的例子，即學(xué)生瀏覽不良網(wǎng)站，可推斷此詞意思近于“問題”。DTheremustbefewquestionsonwhichresponsibleopinionissoutterlydividedasonthatofhowmuchsleepweoughttohave.Therearesomewhothinkwecanleavethebodytoregulatethesemattersforitself."Theansweriseasy,"saysDrA.Burton."Withtherightamountofsleepyoushouldwakeupfreshandalertfiveminutesbeforethealarmrings.“Ifheisright,manypeoplemustbeundersleeping,includingmyself.Butwemustrememberthatsomepeoplehaveagreaterinertiathanothers.Thisisnotmeantrudely.Theyswitchonslowlyandtheyarereluctanttoswitchoff.Theyarealertatbedtimeandsleepywhenitistimetogetup,andthismayhavenothingtodowithhowfatiguedtheirbodiesare,orhowmuchsleeptheymusttaketolosetheirfatigue.Otherpeoplefeelsurethatthepresenttrendistowardstoolittlesleep.Toquoteonemedicalopinion,thousandsofpeopledriftthroughlifesufferingfromtheeffectsoftoolittlesleep;thereasonisnotthattheycan'tsleep.Likeadvancingcolonists,wedoseemtobegraspingevermoreofthelandofsleepforourwakingneeds,pushingtheboundarybackandreaching,apparently,forapointinourevolutionwherewewillsleepnomore.40. Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordisclosestto ________.A.slowness B.stupidity C.sensitivity D.bluntness【答案】A 【解析】詞義推斷題。通過后面一句“Theyswitchonslowlyandtheyarereluctanttoswitchoff”的解釋，可以推出文中的inertia最接近的意思為slowness。inertia原意為“惰性”。B意為“愚蠢”，C為“敏感”，D為“遲鈍，直率”。不管語(yǔ)義題屬于哪種情況，其考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)并不是我們的詞匯量，而是我們通過上下文猜測(cè)詞義的能力，應(yīng)試技巧有：1)結(jié)合文章和段落的主旨進(jìn)行判斷。不能只根據(jù)孤立的句子來判斷，要將詞匯放到上下文中去判斷。2)切忌從字面意思來判斷選項(xiàng)含義與被考單詞在含義上字面相近的一般不是答案。3)通過連接詞判斷被考詞匯含義。4)利用被考詞的修飾、限定成分判斷其含義。這種修飾、限定成分的表現(xiàn)形式多樣，可以是定語(yǔ)、其他修飾語(yǔ)、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（如冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、引號(hào)）后面的內(nèi)容、甚至該詞下屬的例子及定義，可以通過這些表達(dá)從側(cè)面理解被考單詞含義。5)利用上下文中給出的相關(guān)信息作為線索進(jìn)行推測(cè)。6)利用實(shí)例。列舉實(shí)例是作者常用的一種寫作方法，它常常跟在生詞、難詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的后面用以解釋或重申上文的內(nèi)容，理解了例子的用意也就弄清了所考詞匯的含義。7)利用排除法進(jìn)行選擇。如果直接判斷存在困難，也可以將各選項(xiàng)帶入原文，看其是否能使上下文語(yǔ)義通順，利用排除法進(jìn)行選擇?！菊骖}模擬題訓(xùn)練】（1）（北京大學(xué)10）……Everyoneisnotequallyopenwithalltheirfriends.Thedegreeofintimacyisdeterminedbymanyfactors.Closefriendscanbeformedatanystageinone’slifebuttheyareusuallyveryrare.Notverymanypeoplehavemorethanafewreallyclosefriends.Irrespectiveofthelevelofintimacy,allfriendshipsarebasedonreciprocity,honestyandacertainofloveandaffection.Theword“irrespective”means________.notrespectingB.dishonoringC.regardlessD.considering【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。由本句后一部分“allfriendshipsarebasedonreciprocity,honestyandacertainofloveandaffection.”可以推斷出答案，該詞的意思為“不管，不顧”。WWordbankDrippingwaterpenetratesthestone(滴水石穿)Writedownthewords&phrasesunfamiliartoyouinthispassage.（2）（交通大學(xué)，09）……Sometimestheseerrorsorfailurescan’tbehelped.Forexample,ifyoucan’tgetpartsbecauseofmaterialsshortagesoratransportationstrike,customersmaybedeniedthegoodsthey’veordered.Andnotinfrequentlythecustomeristoblame,forexample,failingtoclearlyidentifythearticleorservicerequired.……Theunderlinedword“identify”canbereplacedby_______distinguishB.describeC.noticeD.recognize【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。通過將四個(gè)答案帶進(jìn)原文翻譯后，只有D選項(xiàng)的翻譯：識(shí)別當(dāng)初所定的商品或服務(wù)意思通順，因而選擇D.WWordbankDrippingwaterpenetratesthestone(滴水石穿)Writedownthewords&phrasesunfamiliartoyouinthispassage.（3）(復(fù)旦08)GeneralElectrichasfoundrobotsfarmoreproductiveinsomeworkthanhumanworkersinonecase;arobotsavedenoughtopayforitselfintenmonths:AtFordMotorCompany,aboutfiftysmallrobotsaredeftlyfittinglightbulbsintodashboardsandspeakersintocarradios.

ThenextphaseofthecomputerrevolutionmaywellturnouttobetherobotrevolutionRobotshavebeenfixturesincomedyandsciencefictionforalongtime,butthefirstindustrialrobotwasn'tusedintheUnitedStatesuntil1961.

Industrialrobotsscarcelyresemblethestereotypedhumanoidwithflashingeyesandacombinationschest.They'rebasicallyjustcombinationsofacomputerwithverydeftandefficientproducingmachines.What'sreallynew,ofcourse,istheextenttowhichtheseelectronicwondersaretransformingthewaypeopleworkandthecompositionoftheworkforce,especiallyinJapan.Thereareabout36,000robotsworkinginJapanandapproximately6,500intheUnitedStates.Inearlyi982.RaymondDonovan,U.S.SecretaryofLabor,predictedthatby1990halftheworkersinU.S.factorieswouldbespecialiststrainedtoserviceandrepairrobots.……

54.InParagraph1,theworddeftlymeans________A.clumsily

B.swiftly

C.expensively

D.skillfully【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。第一段最后一句提到一些小機(jī)器人將燈泡裝入儀表等，此處用deftly形容機(jī)器人的動(dòng)作，只有D選項(xiàng)最為貼合原文意思，與原文中該意思相近。WWordbankDrippingwaterpenetratesthestone(滴水石穿)Writedownthewords&phrasesunfamiliartoyouinthispassage.（4）（復(fù)旦，08）Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theentireNorthAmericancontinentwillbecomeafreetradezonedevoidoftariffs,quotas,andothertradebarrierssometimeduringthe1990s.ThisplanistheresultofrecentagreementsanddiscussionsinvolvingtheUnitedStatesandCanadaontheonehandandtheUnitedStatesandMexicoontheother.CanadaandtheUnitedStatesarealreadyeachother’slargesttradingpartners.In1986,forexample,theU.S.accountedfor71percentofCanadianmerchandisetrade(exportsplusimports);Canadaaccountedfor19percentofU.S.trade.In1988,ahistoricdocumentwassigned,theCanada-UnitedStatesFree-TradeAgreement.Inmanyrespects,thiseventseemsanaturalconsequenceoflong-standingfriendship,commoneconomicinterests,andgeographicproximity.Nevertheless,ittookmorethanacenturytoreachagreement.Inthemid1800s,afterGreatBritainrepealedtheCornLaws,CanadaproposedbilateralfreetradewiththeUnitedStates,andalimitedtreatycoveringnaturalproductsonlywassigned.However,itwasabrogatedduringtheCivilWarbytheUnitedStatesbecauseofcloseCanadian-BritishtiesandBritishsupportfortheConfederacy.Aftermorethanacenturyoffluctuatingsentimentsontheissue,the1988agreementfinallyeliminatesallbilateraltariffs(instagestobecompletedby1998)andallquantitativetraderestrictions.Theagreement,itwasthought,wouldparticularlyboosttradeinagriculturalproducts(fruits,vegetables,poultry),miningproducts(coalandoil),andservices(banking,computer,insurance,professionalandtelecommunicationsservices,plusretailandwholesaletrade).Bothcountriesexpectednetgainsbetween$1and3billionperyear.……

52.AsusedinParagraph3,thewordabrogatedmeans_______.

A.abolished

B.abridged

C.ignitedsuddenly

D.endedformally【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前一句可得知加拿大提議與美國(guó)實(shí)行雙邊自由貿(mào)易，同時(shí)簽訂了關(guān)于天然產(chǎn)品的合約。下文出現(xiàn)了However，可以得知后文與前面進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)答案帶入，A符合原文，表示廢除。WordbankDWordbankDrippingwaterpenetratesthestone(滴水石穿)Writedownthewords&phrasesunfamiliartoyouinthispassage.（5）IfyoufoundyourselfinacocktailbarwithaNeanderthalman(尼安德特人,直立猿人)whatwouldhesay?Agoodconversationisoneofthegreatjoysofbeinghuman,butitisnotclearjusthowfarbackinthehominidlineagetheabilitytouselanguagestretches.Thequestionofwhengruntsandyelpsturnedintowordsandphrasesisatrickyone.Onewayoftryingtoansweritistolookinthefossilrecordforevidenceaboutwhatmodernhumanity'sclosestrelativescoulddo.SvanteP??bo,oftheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyinLeipzig,andhiscolleagueshavedonejustthat.DrP??boisanexpertinextractingandinterpretingtheDNAoffossils.AshereportsinthelatestissueofCurrentBiology,heandhisteamhaveworkedtheirmagiconagenecalledFOXP2foundinNeanderthalremainsfromnorthernSpain.Thereasonforpickingthisparticulargeneisthatitistheonlyoneknownsofartohaveadirectconnectionwithspeech.In1990,afamilywithaninheritedspeechdisorderknownasverbaldyspraxia(運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙)drewtheattentionofgeneticsresearchers.ThoseresearchersidentifiedamutationinFOXP2asthecauseofthedyspraxia.SincethenFOXP2hasbeenthesubjectofintensivestudy.Ithasbeenlinkedtotheproductionofbirdsongandtheultrasonicmusingsofmice.Itisaconservativetype,notchangingmuchfromspeciestospecies.Butithasundergonetwochangessincehumanssplitfromchimpanzees6myearsago,andsomeresearchersbelievethesechangesplayedacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofspeechandlanguage.DrP??bo'sresearchsuggestspreciselythat:theFOXP2genesfrommodernhumansandNeanderthalsareessentiallythesame.Totheextentthatthegeneenableslanguage,itenablesitinbothspecies.TherehasbeenmuchspeculationaboutNeanderthals'abilitytospeak.Theywereendowedwithahyoidbone,whichanchorsthetongueandallowsawidevarietyofmovementsofthelarynx.Neanderthalskullsalsoshowevidenceofalargehypoglossalcanal.Thisistheroutetakenbythenervesthatsupplythetongue.Assuch,itisarequisitefortheexquisitelycomplexmovementsofspeech.ThatNeanderthalsalsosharedwithmodernsthesingleknowngeneticcomponentofspeechisanothercluethattheypossessedthenecessaryapparatusforhavingagoodnatter（閑聊）.Butsuggestiveasthatis,thequestionremainsopen.FOXP2isalmostcertainlynot“thelanguagegene”.Withoutdoubt,itisinvolvedinthecontrolandregulationofthemotionsofspeech,butwhetheritplaysaroleinthecognitiveprocessesthatmustprecedetalkingremainsunclear.Theideathattheforebearsofmodernhumanscouldtalkwouldscupperthenotionthatlanguagewastheforcethatcreatedmodernhumanculture—otherwise,whywouldtheynothavebuiltcivilizations?ButitwouldmakethatchatwithaNeanderthalmuchmoreinteresting.4.Theword“scupper”(inParagraph6)mostprobablymeans_____A.denyB.defeat.C.demolish.D.destroy【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)上下文，現(xiàn)代人類的祖先可以說話會(huì)推翻語(yǔ)言是現(xiàn)代人類文化創(chuàng)造的力量這樣的論點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中A最為符合這個(gè)意思。WWordbankDrippingwaterpenetratesthestone(滴水石穿)Writedownthewords&phrasesunfamiliartoyouinthispassage.（6）Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million.Failtoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast￡80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover￡116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.……TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonsandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”3.Theword“defiant”mostprobablymeans_____.A.resistingB.angryC.deficientD.confident【答案】A【解析】猜詞題。根據(jù)其上下文的意思，Tesco聲稱正在為自己的行為準(zhǔn)備最堅(jiān)決的辯護(hù)，其執(zhí)行理事的一番話也表現(xiàn)了他們這種強(qiáng)硬的態(tài)度，可見他們采取了一種抵抗的態(tài)度，選項(xiàng)A最為符合。WWordbankDrippingwaterpenetratesthestone(滴水石穿)Writedownthewords&phrasesunfamiliartoyouinthispassage.（7）JustasNormanMailer,JohnUpdikeandPhilipRothwereatvarioustimesregardedasthegreatestAmericannovelistsincetheSecondWorldWar,JohnAshberyandRobertLowellviedfor（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）thetitleofgreatestAmericanpoet.Yetthetwomencouldnotbemoredifferent.Lowellwasapublicfigurewhoengagedwithpolitics—in1967hemarchedshoulder-to-shoulderwithMailerinprotestagainsttheVietnamWar,asdescribedinMailer'snovel“TheArmiesoftheNight”.Lowelltookonsubstantialthemesandenvisionedhimselfasatragic,heroicfigure,fightingagainsthisowndemons.MrAshbery'sverse,bycontrast,ismorebeguilinglycasual.Inhishands,themakingofapoemcanfeellikethetumblingofdiceonatabletop.Visibleonthepageisadelicatelyplayfulstrewingofwords,lookingtoengagewitheachotherinashylypuzzledfashion.AndthereisanelementofDada-likeplayinhisunpredictabilityofaddresswithitsperpetualshiftingoftones.Lowell,whodiedin1977attheageof60,addressedtheworldheadon.Bycontrast,Mr.Ashbery,whocelebratedhis80thbirthdayearlierthisyear,glanceswrylyattheworldanditsabsurdities.Inthiseditionofhislaterpoems,asubstantialgatheringofversesselectedfromsixvolumespublishedoverthepast20years,hispoetrydoesnotsomuchconsistofthemestobee