2023年考研外語模擬卷9

考研外語模擬卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesby

newspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases

(1)trialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant(2)of

legalcontrolsoverthepress.LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,

willintroducea(3)billthatwillproposemaking

paymentstowitnesses(4)andwillstrictlycontrolthe

amountof(5)thatcanbegiventoacase(6)atrial

begins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouse

ofcommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe(7)

withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatself

regulationdidnot(8)sufficientcontrol.(9)ofthe

lettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda(10)of

mediaprotestwhenhesaidthe(11)ofprivacycontrols

containedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges

(12)toParliament.

TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,

which(13)theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally

(14)inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas(15)

toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotect

themselvesandtheirfamilies.

“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands(16)ourBritish

judges,，zhesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean(17)after

Westwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19

witnesseswere(18)tohavereceivedpaymentsfortelling

theirstoriestonewspapers.

Concernswereraised(19)witnessesmightbeencouraged

toexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto(20)guilty

verdicts.

A.asto

B.forinstance

C.inparticular

D.suchas

2、(2)

A.tightening

B.intensifying

C.focusing

D.fastening

3、(3)

A.sketch

B.rough

C.preliminary

D.draft

4、(4)

A.illogical

B.illegal

C.improbable

D.improper

5、⑸

A.publicity

B.penalty

C.popularity

D.peculiarity

6、(6)

A.since

B.if

C.before

D.as

7、(7)

A.sided

B.shared

C.complied

D.agreed

3

8、(8)

A.present

B.offer

C.manifest

D.indicate

9、(9)

A.Release

B.Publication

C.Printing

D.Exposure

10、(10)

A.storm

B.rage

C.flare

D.flash

IK(H)

A.translation

B.interpretation

C.exhibition

D.demonstration

12、(12)

A.betterthan

工4

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.soonerthan

13、(13)

A.changes

B.makes

C.sets

D.turns

14、(14)

A.binding

B.convincing

C.restraining

D.sustaining

15、(15)

A.authorized

B.credited

C.entitled

D.qualified

16、(16)

A.with

B.to

C.from

5

D.by

17、(17)

A.impact

B.incident

C.inference

D.issue

18、(18)

A.stated

B.remarked

C.said

D.told

19、(19)

A.what

B.when

C.which

D.that

20、(20)

A.assure

B.confide

C.ensure

D.guarantee

二、ReadingComprehension

6

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Populationstendtogrowatanexponentialrate.Thismeansthat

theyprogressivelydouble.Asanexampleofthistypeofgrowth

rate,takeonepennyanddoubleiteverydayforonemonth.After

thefirstweek,youwouldhaveonly64cents,butafterthe

fourthweekyouwouldhaveoveramilliondollars.

Thishelpsexplainwhythepopulationhascomeon“allofa

sudden”.Ittookfromthebeginningofhumanlifetotheyear

1830forthepopulationoftheearthtoreachonebillion.That

representsatimespanofatleasttwomillionyears.Thenit

tookfrom1830to1930forworldpopulationtoreach2billion.

Thenextbillionwasaddedby1960,onlythirtyyears,andin

1975worldpopulationreached4billion,whichisanother

billionpeopleinonlyFifteenyears.

Worldpopulationisincreasingatarateof9,000perhour,

220,000perday,80millionperyear.Thisisnotonlydueto

higherbirthrates,buttolowerdeathratesaswell.Thenumber

ofbirthshasnotdeclinedatthesamerateasthenumberof

deaths.

Somecountries,suchasColumbia,Thailand,Morocco,CostaRica,

andthePhilippines,aredoublingtheirpopulationsaboutevery

twenty-oneyears,withagrowthrateof3.3percentayearor

more.TheUnitedStatesisdoublingitspopulationaboutevery

eighty-sevenyears,witharateof0.8percentperyear.Every

timeapopulationdoubles,thecountryinvolvedneedstwiceas

muchofeverything,includinghospitals,schools,resources,

foodandmedicinestocareforitspeople.Itiseasytosee

thatthisisverydifficulttoachieveforthemorerapidly

growingcountries.

Thispassagechieflydiscusses.

A.thegrowthofworldpopulation

B.onetypeoftheexponentialrate

C.thepopulationproblemofmorerapidlygrowingcountries

D.thepossiblewaysofdealingwiththerapidpopulation

growth

2、

Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstoexplainwhythe

populationproblemhascomeon"allofasudden”?

A.Thepennywhichdoublesitselfeverydayforonemonth.

B.Thetimespanofatleasttwomillionyearsinhumanhistory.

C.Anillustrationoftheexponentialgrowthrategivenby

theauthor.

D.Thelargeamountofmoneyyouwouldluckilymakeafterthe

fourthweek.

3、

Ittookfortheworldtoincreaseitspopulationfrom

1billionto4billion.

A.100years

B.145years

C.1975years

D.Overtwomillionyears

4、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Worldpopulationisincreasingatarateof150perminute.

B.Lowerdeathratesalsocontributetoworldpopulation

growth.

C.ThepopulationofColumbiahasbeendoublingeveryyearfor

21years.

D.TheUnitedStatesisusuallydoublingitspopulationabout

every87years.

5、

Whenapopulationdoubles,thecountryinvolvedneedstwice

asmuchofeverything,including.

A.hospitalsandmedicines

B.schoolsandstudents

C.foodandmanpowerresources

D.alloftheabove

6、Womenare,onthewhole,moreverbalthanmen.Theyare

goodatlanguageandverbalreasoning,whilementendtobe

skilledattasksdemandingvisualspatialabilities.Infact,

alongwithaggression,thesearethemostcommonlyaccepted

differencesbetweenthesexes.

Wordsaretoolsforcommunicatingwithotherpeople,especially

informationaboutpeople.Theyaremainlysocialtools.Visual

andspatialabilitiesaregoodforimaginingandmanipulating

objectsandforcommunicatinginformationaboutthem.Arethese

talentsprogrammedintothebrain?Insomeofthenewestand

mostcontroversialresearchinneurophysiology,ithasbeen

suggestedthatwhenitcomestothebrain,malesarespecialists

whilewomenaregeneralists.

Butnooneknowswhat,ifanything,thismeansintermsofthe

abilitiesofthetwosexes.Engineeringisbothvisualand

spatial,andit'struethattherearerelativelyfewwomen

engineers.Butwomenbecomejustasskilledasmenatshooting

arifleordrivingacar,tasksthatinvolvevisualspatial

skills.Theyalsodoequallywellatprogrammingacomputer,

whichisneithervisualnorspatial.Womendo,however,seem

lesslikelytofallinlovewiththeobjectsthemselves.Weall

knowmenforwhommachinesseemtobeextensionsoftheir

identity.Awomanismorelikelytoseehercar,rifle,or

computerasausefultool,butnotinitselffascinating.

Accordingtothepassage,womenareusuallygoodat.

A.bodylanguage

B.logicalreasoning

C.tasksdemandingfortheuseofwords

D.bothAandB

7、

Theword“accepted“inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph

roughlymeans.

A.believed

B.assumed

C.received

D.reconciled

8、

Intheauthor'sopinion,visualandspatialabilitiesaregood

for.

A.achievingone'sobjects

B.mindandbody

C.programmingtalentsintothebrain

D.imaginationandcommunication

9、

AllthefollowingtasksinvolvevisualspatialskillsEXCEPT

A.imaginingandhandlingobjects

B.providingacomputerwithasetofinstructions

C.shootingagunanddrivinganautomobile

D.planningandmakingthingsasanengineerdoes

10、

Whydowomenseemlesslikelytofallinlovewiththeobjects

themselves?

A.Becausetheyhavenovisualspatialskills.

B.Becausetheyareonlygoodatlanguageandverbalreasoning.

C.Becausetheyarelesslikelytoseetheircharmingor

interestingaspects.

D.Becausetheyrarelyusemachinessuchascars,titles,

computers,etc.

11>Investmentinthepublicsector,suchaselectricity,

irrigation,publicservicesandtransport(excludingvehicles,

shipsandplanes)increasedbyabout10%,althoughtheemphasis

movedtothetransportandawayfromtheothersectorsmentioned.

Tradeandservicesrecordeda16%?17%investmentgrowth,

includinga30%increaseininvestmentinbusinesspremises.

Industrialinvestmentisestimatedtohaverisenby8%.

Althoughtheshareofagricultureintotalgrossinvestment

intheeconomycontinuedtodecline,investmentgrew9%in

absoluteterms,largelyspurredonbya23%expansionof

investmentinagriculturalequipment.Housingconstructionhad

12%moreinvestedinitin1964,notsomuchowingtoincreased

demand,astofearsofnewtaxesandlimitationofbuilding.

Totalconsumptioninrealtermsrosebycloseon11%during1964,

andpercapitalpersonalconsumptionbyunder7%,asin1963.

Theundesirabletrendtowardsarapidriseinconsumption,

evidentinpreviousyears,remainedunaltered.Sinceatcurrent

pricesconsumptionroseby16%anddisposableincomeby13%,

therewasevidentlyafallintherateofsavingintheprivate

sectoroftheeconomy.Onceagainconsumptionpatterns

indicatedaswiftadvanceinthestandardofliving.

Expenditureonfooddeclinedinsignificance,although

consumptionoffruitincreased.

Spendingonfurnitureandhouseholdequipment,health,

educationandrecreationcontinuedtoincrease.Thegreatest

proofofalteredlivingstandardswastherapidexpansionof

expenditureontransport(includingprivatecars)andpersonal

servicesofallkinds,whichoccurredduring1964.The

progressivewealthoflargesectorsofthepublicwas

demonstratedbythechangingcompositionofdurablegoods

purchased.Saturationpointwasrapidlybeingapproachedfor

itemssuchasthefirsthouseholdradio,gascookers,and

electric,refrigerators,whereasincreasingpurchasesof

automobilesandtelevisionsetswereregistered.

theauthorthinksthatthetrendtowardsarapidrisein

consumptionwas“undesirable“because.

A.peoplesavedless

B.peoplewerewealthy

C.peopleconsumedless

D.expendituresonluxuriesincreased

12、

Expenditureincreasedonal1thefollowingconsumptionEXCEPT

A.food

B.automobiles

C.education

D.entertainment

13、

Itcanbeinferredfromtheincreaseoffruitconsumptionthat

A.peoplehadtospendmoreontransportationandfurniture

B.peopleweremorehealthconscious

C.peopleweremoremoneyconscious

D.thepriceoffruitdroppeddramatically

14>Theword"registered“inthelastlinemostprobably

means.

A.marked

B.approached

C.listed

D.booked

15、

Fromthispassage,welearnthatthepeople.

A.spendmoremoneythantheyearned

B.savedmoremoneythanpreviously

C.spenttheirmoneywisely

D.investedandconsumedatanacceleratedpace

16、Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreatures

ofsociety.Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysical

characteristicsandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventions

andvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothers

thatbelongtoadifferenttradition.

Thedistinguishingmarkofanthropologyamongthesocial

sciencesisthatitincludesforseriousstudymoreother

societiesthanourown.Foritspurposesanysocialregulation

ofmatingandreproductionisassignificantasourown,though

itmaybethatoftheSeaDyaks,andhavenopossiblehistorical

relationtothatofourcivilization.Totheanthropologist,

ourcustomsandthoseofaNewGuineatribearetwopossible

socialschemesfordealingwithacommonproblem,aridinso

farasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidany

weightingofoneinfavoroftheother,lieisinterestedin

humanbehavior,notasitisshapedbyonetradition,ourown,

butasithasbeenshapedbyanytraditionwhatsoever.Heis

interestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvarious

cultures,andhisobjectistounderstandthewayinwhichthese

cultureschangeanddifferentiated,thedifferentforms

throughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhich

thecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesofthe

individuals.

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofany

greatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeelto

beuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveaway

ofthinking,isbehavior,atitsmostcommonplace.Asamatter

offact,itistheotherwayround.Traditionalcustomisamass

ofdetailedbehavior,moreastonishingthanwhatanyoneperson

caneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarather

trivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirstrateimportance

isthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceand

belief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Accordingtothepassage,wecansaythatanthropology.

A.candealwithhumanbeingsasonegroupofthecreatures

inthelivingworld

B.canrevealanenormousdiversityoftraditions

C.canprovideinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenhuman

beingsandnature

D.candistinguishthehumanracefromothercreatures

17、Forseriousstudy,ananthropologist.

A.mustnotstudyhisownculture

B.isnotsupposedtohaveaprejudiceagainstanysociety

C.shouldfocusonthosesocietieswhicharehistorically

relatedtoeachother

D.isobligedtoworkonlyonthosesocietieswhichhaveno

historicalrelationshiptoeachother

18、

Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoristrying.

A.tobecriticalofcustom

B.tosaythatanthropologyismoreimportantthanpsychology

C.tostrengthentherolecustomplaysinexperienceand

belief

D.todrawourattentiontotheimportanceofcustom

19、

Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

A.Thegoaloftheanthropologististounderstandthewayin

whichpeopleexpressthemselves.

B.Theanthropologisttriestounderstandwhyculturesare

carriedonwithoutanychange.

C.Theanthropologist'sprofessionalinterestisaswideas

thevarietyofcustoms.

D.Alloftheabove.

20、

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Humanbehavior.

B.CreaturesofSociety.

C.TheScienceofCustom.

D.TheFunctionsofCultures.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Thedaysaregettingshorterandthehouse-priceforecastsare

droppingfasterthanthelastoftheautumnleaves.Forecasts

ofapricecrash,whichbeganlifeasaminorityview,arenow

banginginthemiddleofthemainstream.

(41).

Oneofthemostaggressiveinterest-rateforecastsisfromJohn

O'SullivanatDresdnerKleinwortWasserstein.Heexpectsthe

BankofEnglandtocutthebaserateto40%bytheendofnext

yearineffortstolimitthehouse-pricedropto5%.

(42).Butthesethingscanchangerapidly.

Theshiftinrateexpectations,particularlyamongCity

economists,hasbeendramatic,anditisreflectedinthe

currencymarkets.(43).

Theotherimpactofhousingwillbeonfirms,particularly

retailers.TheBankhasbeenworkinghardtotrytoprovethat

housingandconsumerspendinghave"decoupled”,becausethe

finaltwoyearsoftheboominhousepricescoincidedwitha

softeningofspendinggrowth.(44).

CharlieBean,theBank(schiefeconomist,repeatedthe

“decoupling"caselastweek,butadmittedtherewerebig

uncertainties.

Andunderlyingthisquestforunderstandinghasbeenthefear,

certainlyforthechancellorandhispoliticaladvisers,that

boomcouldturntobust.Foragovernmentthatpromisedno

returntoboomandbust,theexcusethatonlyonepartofthe

economyhadturnedtobustwouldcutlittleicewithvoters.

Therelationshipbetweenhousepricesandelectionoutcomesis

notaperfectone.Havingslippedin2000,priceswererising

stronglyatthetimeofthe2022election,whichLabourwon

comfortably.(45).

Thechangeinthehousingclimatewillbeatestinanotherway.

InthebudgettheTreasuryfactoredinamodestslowdownin

consumerspendingnextyear,fromjustover3%to2.5%,but

withinthecontextofstrongoverallgrowthof3%to3.5%,with

exportsandinvestmenttakinguptheslack.

A.CapitalEconomics,whichgottherefirst,hadits20%price

fallstartingthisyearwitha5%dropandcontinuingfor

anothercoupleofyears.

B.MyviewisthattheBank'smonetarypolicycommittee,having

workedhardtogetratesupfromlastyear'semergencylowlevel

of3.5%tothepresent4.75%,won'tsurrendercutswithouta

fightandwouldliketokeeprateswheretheyareforquitea

longtime.

C.ButMervynKing,thegovernor,istoogoodaneconomistto

haverealconfidenceinaviewbasedonashortrunofdata.

Whenthehousingmarkettankedinthepast,consumerspending

suffered.Intheabsenceofbetterevidencetothecontrary,

thathastobetheassumptionthistime.

D.BoominghousepriceswereaswelcomeattheTreasuryas

flowerarrangementsatahay-feverconvention.TheTreasury

couldnotunderstandhow,havingdeliveredlow-inflation

economicstability,ithadahousingboomaspowerfulasinthe

unstabledaysofthelate1980s.

E.Ithashitthefinancialmarketsinatleastthreeways.The

housingdownturnhaschangedperceptionsaboutthe

interest-rateoutlook.

F.Thepoundhasbeenclimbingagainstthedollarbutslipping

againsttheeuro.Itsriseagainstthesicklydollarwouldhave

beenmuchbiggerhaditnotcoincidedwiththesofteningofthe

outlookforrates.

G.Ontheotherhand,theTorieslostthe1997electiondespite

astronghousingmarket,havingwonin1992atatimewhenprices

werefalling.MargaretThatcher's1983and1987victoriescame

whenpricesweresoaring.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)