用高考詞義猜測(cè)題

猜測(cè)詞義Guessingmeanings詞義猜測(cè)題常用的提問(wèn)方式有：1.Theword“…〞r(shí)efersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…〞ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…〞standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…〞means______.......

Lead-in(導(dǎo)入)1.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast比照法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識(shí)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Definition定義法：一般通過(guò)定義、定語(yǔ)〔從句〕或同位語(yǔ)〔從句〕來(lái)確定詞義。常見提示詞有：thatis(tosay),i.e.,inotherwords…或是后面括號(hào)內(nèi)進(jìn)行解釋。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)2.Contrast比照法：利用文中的反義詞以及表比照關(guān)系的詞〔組〕猜測(cè)詞義。表示比照的詞有but、while、however、otherwise等。3.Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測(cè)詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;極大的)4.CauseEffect因果法：從原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測(cè)原因。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

貧窮的,窮困的)

(adj.

大的)5.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測(cè)詞義。常見的舉例的提示詞有:forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

電器用具)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：英語(yǔ)單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭〔前綴〕和詞尾〔后綴〕所組成。詞根是單詞最根本的局部，表達(dá)單詞的根本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來(lái)引申或轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的根本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測(cè)出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-〔極微小的〕re-〔再，反復(fù)〕mis-〔誤，惡〕im-〔不〕un-〔不，非〕in-〔不，非〕non-〔不，非〕-able〔能…的〕-less〔不，無(wú)〕-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無(wú)家可歸的)

reconstructioneastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波〔爐〕)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯(cuò)音)(向東)

Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.

micro+bus微型公共汽車1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context上下文：利用語(yǔ)境及前后的提示來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astar2）Tomsawan

owllastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarTomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarAABCAB(n.

貓頭鷹)3〕Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apewhichisclimbingasmallhillatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)8.Commonsense普通常識(shí)：根據(jù)普通常識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。在閱讀的過(guò)程中，如遇到生詞，有時(shí)可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識(shí)將其推測(cè)出來(lái)。比方了解一些英美國(guó)家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)制度等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，遇到生詞時(shí)，猜測(cè)詞義的能力自然就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉劑(藥)Practice：

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------

1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

CB3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱C4.Mrs.Smithisloquacious

whileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.愛笑的C.多嘴多舌的D.可愛的C5.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,〞“MyMomissmarterthanyours.〞and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.〞Theword“boasting〞means_____.A.驕傲B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚BPassage1Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace〞means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage2Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious〞probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage3Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize〞means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage4Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.Theunderlinedword“astounded〞means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedD同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲈~義猜測(cè)題時(shí)注意不要脫離語(yǔ)境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中，或?qū)I(yè)性文章中，具有特殊的或?qū)ｉT的詞義。在解這類題時(shí)，必須仔細(xì)地研讀劃線局部的上下文，有時(shí)閱讀的視線還要擴(kuò)大一些。如果離開特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境來(lái)理解生詞意義，必然會(huì)理解錯(cuò)誤。注意：1.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast比照法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識(shí)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義7.Context上下文SummaryPractice

2023全國(guó)卷EIhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.73.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword“relish〞inthesecondparagraph?A.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryon【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文是夾敘夾議的文章。作者乘坐火車做長(zhǎng)途跋涉?？吹酱巴饽吧l(xiāng)村的村民對(duì)列車上的乘客投以微笑，這微笑給她帶來(lái)了快樂(lè)，并由此改變了作者多生活的態(tài)度。2023山東卷BAsksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.2023山東卷BHowever,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption〞r(shí)eferto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:人們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到廢物回收利用的重要性，但家庭對(duì)過(guò)量購(gòu)物、物品過(guò)多包裝等都對(duì)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞，因此，真正的回收利用任重道遠(yuǎn)。2023天津卷AAsWindsorCastleisaworkingroyalpalace,visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairport-stylesecuritychecks.Forsafetyandsecurityreasonsaone-waysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute.40.Inthelastpart,a“workingroyalpalace〞r(shí)eferstoone___.A.stillbeingconstructedB.stillusedbytheroyalfamilyC.wheretheQueenusuallyworksD.whereworksofartareonshow【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文是英國(guó)溫莎城堡的旅游指南---涉及溫莎城堡的簡(jiǎn)介，為盲人準(zhǔn)備的悠揚(yáng)聲音之旅，導(dǎo)游效勞，為帶孩子的游客提供的便捷效勞，購(gòu)物，餐飲和城堡內(nèi)攝像，平安等本卷須知。2023天津卷BThinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhide-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating(合作).42.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan________.A.describelifeinanexcitingwayB.turnreal-lifeexperiencesintoaplayC.makelearninglifeskillsmoreinterestingD.changepeople’sviewsofsportingevents【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文從世界各國(guó)的小孩子的孩提游戲講到運(yùn)動(dòng)及奧運(yùn)的民族精神。孩提游戲不僅使孩子娛樂(lè)，而且使他們學(xué)會(huì)終生受用的等候和團(tuán)隊(duì)配合。奧運(yùn)運(yùn)動(dòng)可以增加民族自豪感和愛國(guó)情懷，增強(qiáng)民族凝聚力。2023北京卷DTheCostofHigherEducationIndividuals(個(gè)人)shouldpayfortheirhighereducation.Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.Meanwhile,socialmobilityisevermoredependentonhavingadegree.However,onlysomepeoplehaveit.Sotheindividual,notthetaxpayers,shouldpayforit.

2023北京卷DTherearepressingcallsontheresources(資源)ofthegovernment.Usingtaxpayers'moneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem.68.Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2refersto?A.taxpayersB.pressingcallsC.collegegraduatesD.governmentresources

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文為議論文。作者圍繞著個(gè)人應(yīng)給為取得高學(xué)歷付學(xué)費(fèi)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)展開辯論?！揪湟狻?有關(guān)政府資源方面有很多緊迫的呼聲，而使用納稅人的錢來(lái)幫組一小局部人在將來(lái)獲得高收入并不在這些呼聲中。2023廣東Bwhensomethinggoeswrong,itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,"Well,it'sso-and-so'sfault."or"IknowI'mlate,butit'snotmyfault;thecarbrokedown."Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.2023廣東BYouhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner'skeytosuccess.47.TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_.A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider【句意】:成功者的秘訣在于不是把注意力集中在誰(shuí)該受到責(zé)備而是集中在怎樣改善糟糕的境況。2023江蘇卷ASomefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.59.Theunderlinedword“descendants〞inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s_____A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了人的姓名的起源以及所包含的意義。2023浙江AThoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.3.Theunderlinedword“rainbow〞inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.therainbowintheskyB.thestripesonthepavementC.somethingimaginativeandfunD.importantlessonslearnedinchildhood【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文為一篇生活故事。作者小時(shí)候在好朋友家的地下室發(fā)現(xiàn)一些油漆，淘氣的他與朋友在人行道上刷出一道道彩虹，母親回家時(shí)看見我們的杰作，發(fā)脾氣了，并和我一起將門前公路上的這些彩虹沖洗掉了。從此我有一個(gè)心愿，希望我能找到屬于自己的彩虹，讓它照亮我們的生活，給我們五彩的希望與夢(mèng)想。2023安徽B….ThingsnotattachedtotheEarthwouldflyoffinastraightline.Peopleinbuildingswouldsuddenlyshootupwardsatagreatspeeduntiltheyhittheceiling.Mostthingsoutsidewouldflyoffintospace.61.Theword“shoot〞underlinedinthe2ndpassageprobablymeans“__________〞.A.sendforB.movequicklyC.comeoutD.growquickly【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文為科普文，作者向我們解釋了兩種自然現(xiàn)象：1.飛機(jī)向西飛行比向東飛行時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的原因。2.如果地球引力突然消失將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。2023遼寧BIhateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.60.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal【語(yǔ)篇解讀】:本文是介紹海外風(fēng)情的文章。作者比較英國(guó)倫敦與美國(guó)紐約