LED發(fā)展及應用中英文對照外文翻譯文獻

中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)譯文:LED發(fā)展及應用我們相信我國LED產業(yè)具有良好的發(fā)展前景，基于以下幾點：第一，在技術方面LED技術處于高速增長的瓶頸，國內長期積累在半導體領域研究資源為進一步研究打下了良好的基礎。雖然集成電路制造的基礎差，技術水平相對較低，但是隨著一些國內企業(yè)海外技術人員加入，技術不斷的突破，國內企業(yè)的良好技術水平、企業(yè)與臺灣的技術水平與國際公司作為一個整體，已經縮小了差距。第二，投資相對較小的初始投資1億，國內企業(yè)進入的門檻低，容易導致滾動發(fā)展。制造集成電路和液晶面板制造商數百億數十億元的投資都是“微不足道”的，更容易使國內企業(yè)形成產業(yè)集群。當然，還可能導致惡性競爭和發(fā)展階段的市場整合。第三，國內市場大，LED市場主要是普通照明市場，消費者市場分散，難以形成壟斷一個巨大的國內企業(yè)的生存空間。第四，一些企業(yè)的核心知識產權，如晶體硅光伏襯底項目，美國的面積和芯片的核心技術，具有全球競爭力的企業(yè)技術發(fā)展的示范效應容易形成和促進國內商業(yè)市場的健康發(fā)展。第五，成熟的技術導致下游的勞動密集型生產,包裝和設備的發(fā)展與大陸勞動力具有成本優(yōu)勢。LED行業(yè)的開發(fā)過程中，全球的LED銷售根據市場目前最大的手機背光市場，與手機銷售增長放緩提高了LED屏幕手機液晶屏幕滲透的全球LED的增長率。技術進步降低了成本，在當前（甚至2010年以前）允許完全訪問一般使用LED照明市場在全球經濟增長下將成為下一個液晶筆記本和汽車室內燈背光市場。作為世界五大液晶面板(LG飛利浦、三星、友達、CMO和夏普)LED的一個高水平的技術，大量生產能力在日本、臺灣、韓國。國內只有央行、波蘭電力和五個龍光伏電池板三行，4.5代上海天馬生產線需求后能使用LED背光，但整體需求不占主導地位，國內企業(yè)進入液晶屏背光使供應鏈收益不應太大面板背光手機市場非常相似。中國市場應用LED在這個階段主要是在建筑照明、室內外顯示屏?；谏鲜鲈颍乱徊ǖ闹饕α靠赡艹霈F在這些市場，手機、小尺寸液晶背光、汽車普及率將會增加。一些特殊照明等分散市場將開放更多的成本(特殊照明一般照明的要求不是那么苛刻)。替換后的幾年前，LED交通信號燈是非常受歡迎的，LED的會持續(xù)更長的時間，短期內很難大規(guī)模的取代，這使得LED交通信號燈處于低需求期，國內大型轎車市場只要有優(yōu)秀的產品質量，國內汽車燈LED背光和一個非常大的市場需求和經濟增長在這個市場的需求是相對穩(wěn)定的。LED顯示由于容易組裝、低能耗、高亮度的原因被廣泛應用于銀行、證券、廣場、車站、體育場館，這個市場的未來仍有很大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。在奧運會、世博會的城市晚上項目的示范效應。以及很多有利的因素，建筑照明市場仍然是一個前景廣闊。一般來說，許多大型國際公司專注于高端以及一般照明的巨大的潛在市場。一些產品技術要求相對較低，未來市場疲軟具有分散性容易失控。因為它大量的專利，并不擔心未來的市場。在這個階段不是追求產能，而是專注于技術領導市場潮流，當技術足夠成熟市場的規(guī)模一般照明，據估計，其生產能力將迅速減少。這種“中心-外圍”的競爭預計將維持很長一段時間。目前，主要制造商集中在大陸市場。芯片出口將面臨兩個挑戰(zhàn)。首先，國際大型企業(yè)在申請專利訴訟(主要是藍色和白色)，事實上只要具有一定規(guī)模，無論出口專利是否會遇到挑戰(zhàn)，專利訴訟的出口的希望更大。第二，其他外部供應商的競爭，尤其是臺灣的制造商，臺灣的傳統(tǒng)制造商跟隨他們的策略和技術跟蹤國際公司，同時大力提高生產率，降低成本，生產能力世界上第一，有許多其他行業(yè)巨頭進入這一領域時，會影響未來的臺灣LED芯片的全球市場的價格波動。考慮到國內市場的巨大需求，國內芯片工廠，即使它可以適當依靠國內市場發(fā)展。如果海外光伏公司無限的進入國內市場，國內企業(yè)將面臨持續(xù)的競爭壓力，在長期的國內企業(yè)是一個非常消極的現象。LED行業(yè)的發(fā)展在這個階段將導致國內制造商、外國投資者在大陸享受稅收優(yōu)惠政策，國內企業(yè)進入國內市場在一個不平等的競爭地位。應該鼓勵外國投資者在中國設立工廠，芯片核心技術參與外展，例如這些企業(yè)可以促進人才培養(yǎng)，提高整體技術水平。應限制那些芯片核心技術的一部分占領外國市場的企業(yè)，一旦這樣的名片在所有核心地區(qū)和當地企業(yè)不享受技術進步帶來的好處，發(fā)展和空間將會有限,他們會爭相依靠價格戰(zhàn)，不是那么難討好自己的東西，所以只處理當前包的一部分在中國限制外國投資，如進口關稅征收芯片。從專利訴訟而言，它并不可怕，只要我們的主要競爭對手必須支付，我們仍然在同一起跑線上競爭。臺灣主要涉及LED藍白相間的芯片LED工廠在成長過程中經歷了訴訟，訴訟達成和解獲得專利，繼續(xù)發(fā)展?，F階段最好的反應是大規(guī)模獲得專利，同時加強自己的R&D改善交叉許可的專利訴訟的討價還價的能力。國內企業(yè)的規(guī)模、廈門圣國安可能迎來增長的第一個“洗禮”。未來工業(yè)競爭力將取決于兩個方面，首先是技術，包括提高發(fā)光效率和低成本的技術來提高功率器件技術，道路的方向在于擴展現有的技術。但也有路線的新技術，包括獲得高質量科技產品以及外部系統(tǒng)，如照明設計和技術驅動芯片設計。第二是規(guī)模，一方面由于規(guī)模經濟成本的降低，市場強大的討價還價的能力。另一方面，使用的硅化合物與IC晶片制造是非常不同的，即使一個擴展在同一生產芯片的性能可能完全不同，這需要相對較高的一致性的應用領域(如一個典型的LCD背光)。只有不斷的擴展，以滿足需求，但大型企業(yè)的數量水平的市場結構可以用一個特定市場的需求，不一致的芯片產品部署到另一個市場，公司的總產量增加的效率。LED行業(yè)有一個光明的未來，但只有在上述兩個方面行業(yè)領先的企業(yè)才是未來的領導者。結論：國內企業(yè)應該關注什么？在整個產業(yè)鏈開發(fā)過程中，哪五種企業(yè)具有投資價值。知識產權是一個核心業(yè)務。房產企業(yè)的發(fā)展在國內最廣泛，南昌大學建立了聯(lián)合私人股本基金光電晶體可以是一個典型代表，可以由硅基光電晶體氮化鎵外延藍光技術，世界上最大的三個藍燈一個過程技術，突破國外專利日亞化學和克里族封鎖,附近的公司設立行業(yè)需要檢查的當前水平。另一個魯明大連公司通過收購美國LED芯片制造商使芯片AXT技術增加，獲得40多個專利核心技術。此外，大連魯明原始以來從事稀土發(fā)光材料，白色熒光粉合成的用于生產是世界上生產的只有少數能生產發(fā)光發(fā)光材料可以芯片業(yè)務。此外，R&D的可能性魯明新的稀土熒光粉，突破日亞化學,歐司朗白光技術。國內產業(yè)進入一般LED照明突破過去的障礙。白光LED照明只要兩大“絆腳石”——藍光專利和白色的專利做出突破，國內LED行業(yè)的前途是光明的國內產業(yè)是測試行業(yè)的能力。LED光源除了無汞、節(jié)能、節(jié)材、對環(huán)境無電磁干擾、無有害射線五項優(yōu)點之外，在照明領域中，特別是在景觀照明中，還有很多優(yōu)勢。如：低壓供電——無高壓環(huán)節(jié)，為了絕緣的開銷要小得多，可靠性高；附件簡單——無啟動器、鎮(zhèn)流器或超高壓變壓器；結構簡單——具有固體光源的最大優(yōu)點，不充氣，無玻璃外殼，無氣體密封問題，耐沖擊；可控性好——響應時間快（微秒數量級），可反復頻繁亮滅，基本無惰性，不會疲倦；色彩純厚——由半導體PN結自身產生色彩，純正，濃厚；色彩豐富——三基色加數碼技術，可演變任意色彩；輕質結構——節(jié)材，節(jié)約費用；對燈具強度和剛度要求很低；——體積小巧大的LED燈具可看成由LED細胞組成，最小的LED僅為平方毫米數量級或更??；柔性化好——LED光源的精巧，使LED能適應各種幾何尺寸和不同空間大小的裝飾照明要求，諸如：點、線、面、球、異形式，乃至任意藝術造型的燈光雕塑；可見，LED不愧為21世紀綠色照明的驕子。LED具研發(fā)的特點由于LED具有上述一系列優(yōu)勢，LED在景觀燈具的研發(fā)方面主要有以下幾個方向：園林燈，步道燈，地埋燈，小型射燈，草坪燈，快車道分道地燈，壁燈等。光源采用LED，并結合變幻控制，可升級對景觀的烘托，使其更具藝術品位。非標異形景觀燈具的開發(fā)，在景觀照明中，燈具安裝要保護景觀和環(huán)境，防止燈具有礙觀瞻，要做到白天美化，夜幕下藝術亮化。這就需要燈具的結構與安裝因景制宜，因建筑特色制宜，很多標準燈具是滿足不了以上要求的。LED燈具設計的柔性化，特別適合因景制宜的非標燈具設計，使景觀照明與景觀協(xié)調，達到美化環(huán)境的新水平。藝術化景觀燈具開發(fā)燈具本身就是一種造型藝術，而LED光源將更能使景觀燈具的藝術創(chuàng)意達到更高境界。由于LED的可控性好，色彩豐富，與微電子技術實現智能化控制，可以構思出各種色彩繽紛、動感節(jié)奏歡快、旋律優(yōu)美的景觀燈具。如：LED霹靂燈，比氣體放電型霹靂燈要長壽得多，又不易損壞，而且色彩豐富。又如：LED風車燈，只需微機智能控制，就可實現“無風時”飛速旋轉，并且還能實現自動變速和換色的美妙變幻。類似這樣的構思，只要有靈感，都能實現。燈光雕塑類的開發(fā)，任何仿真的、仿生的、漫畫的、卡通的、商業(yè)的、旅游的等等的各種燈光雕塑，均可結合LED和聲響技術以及微電子控制，必要時還可再加上機電一體化技術，開發(fā)出一系列吸引人們眼球的景觀燈光雕塑。LED景觀照明的智能化控制技術，LED景觀照明的智能化控制技術，屬于模擬或數碼技術、或微機控制技術領域，多數為緊湊型或嵌入式系統(tǒng)。特點：可靠性高，價格優(yōu)；變化花樣繁多；既有單燈控制，又有群控模式；非標設計很多；長或超長燈具多（如：長光帶，很多壁燈線狀布局情況）；與LED顯示屏技術有很多不同之處。根據景觀美化的要求，變幻控制模式，給人以豐富多彩，旋律優(yōu)美，節(jié)奏歡快的感受，有時芯至給人以撼動人心的強烈刺激。根據LED可控性好，色彩豐富的特點，色彩構成幾乎無限。按照三基色原理加數字灰度控制技術，原理上可演變出幾乎超越大自然存在的任意色彩。例如：三基色LED，如只采用二級灰度控制，即：明和暗，可實現８種色彩演變；又如：三基色LED，采用三級灰度控制，即：明、中、暗，可實現27種色彩變幻；再如：三基色LED，如都采用八位數碼的灰度控制，色彩種類竟達到了令人吃驚的程度，達1677萬種，連每一種顏色的名字你都來不及命名。目前，LED燈具的電子控制結構，主要有五大類或更多：單燈控制、群燈控制、長或超長跨距燈控制、聲響控制、感應控制。就壽命表現度而言，硅樹脂可以達到延長白光LED使用壽命的目標，甚至可以達到4萬小時以上的使用壽命，但是，是不是真的適合用來做照明的應用就還有待研究，因為硅樹脂是具有彈性的柔軟材料，所以在封裝的過程中，需要特別注意應用的方式，而來設計出最適當的應用技術。對于未來應用的方面，提高白光LED的光輸出效率將會是決勝的關鍵點。白光LED的生產技術，從過去的藍色LED和黃色的YAG熒光體的組合，開發(fā)出仿真白光的目標，到利用三色混合或者使用GaN材料，開發(fā)出白光LED，對于應用來說，已經可以看的出將會朝向更廣泛的方向擴展。另外，白光LED的發(fā)光效率，這些年已經有了不錯的的發(fā)展，日本LED照明推進協(xié)會目標是，期望能夠預計在2009年達到100lm/w的發(fā)光效率，而事實上，有相當多的業(yè)者都在朝向這方面開發(fā)，所以預計在數年內，100lm/w發(fā)光效率就能夠實際上商業(yè)化應用。LED微電子控制電路優(yōu)化設計的焦點在于：可靠、價優(yōu)，采用通用元器件，來源豐富。對于長或超長跨距燈的控制除以上要求，還要有以下優(yōu)點，如：數十米，百米乃至千米以上的光帶或線狀布局的點光源。優(yōu)化設計的目標還有：在運動控制上，要色彩豐富，變幻多姿，既含跳變，又有漸變，同時還要最大限度地減少訊導線。LED發(fā)展中要攻克的主要問題LED進入照明領域是新生事物，具有劃時代的意義。但是，與任何新技術一樣，LED還存在一些急需完善的方面。1）研發(fā)LED高功率點光源國際上，Phlips、GE、OSRAN等大公司都有雙端的球形HID產品，這是目前世界上最先進的大功率HID光源，特別是Phlips公司基于這種光源的體育場館燈具，燈具效率和配光曲線非常優(yōu)秀。盡管LED有很多獨特的優(yōu)勢，但目前這方面卻是空白。高功率密度的點狀光源對用于半導體發(fā)光原理的LED可能是一個很大的技術難點。2）發(fā)展高效率、高功率因數、價優(yōu)的緊湊型模塊化LED電源，LED供電簡便，既可直流供電，又可脈沖供電。沒有HID和高壓霓虹燈的一系列麻煩。目前，低效率的供電系統(tǒng)，拖了LED的后腿，節(jié)能水平大打折扣。開關電源從70年代的20KHZ的標準到目前已達到1MHZ以上的軟開關技術，問題關鍵在于如何做到質優(yōu)價廉。3）發(fā)展新型LED混光、混色技術LED光源，單位體積很小，在很多場合明顯是優(yōu)點，但有時又是缺點。如：在LED平面型光源上，通常出現點狀光斑以及混色不均勻現象。目前，混光、混色存在的問題是：混光、混色的均勻水平與透光率的矛盾。這個問題也是阻礙LED發(fā)展的因素，主要是材料的原因，急待攻克，對LED景觀燈具實用性有很重要的意義。LED進入照明領域，是照明技術的革命性飛躍。LED對綠色照明發(fā)展的歷史性貢獻，將絲豪不遜于從電子管時代到晶體管時代的飛躍，即使評價為如同晶體管跨越到大規(guī)模集成電路的巨變一樣，也毫不夸張。原文:DevelopmentandapplicationofledChina'sLEDindustryiscurrentlyadisadvantageliesinthefactthataLEDproductsofdomesticenterprisesandoverseastechnicallevelthereisacertaingapinthepursuitofhigh-endcustomersatadisadvantage;Second,thedomesticICmanufacturingbasecomparedtoJapan,KoreaandTaiwan,thesestrongLEDweakareas,LEDlightchipmanufacturingcapacity,technologicallevelandpoorexternalsupportofsomematerials,thelearningcurvelongerwilltakesometimetocultivate;Third,thesizeofthedomesticLEDbusinessisstillrelativelysmall,mostofthemdidnotexceed100kk/monthlyenergy(bluegreen),thisstateofaffairsinthenexttwoyearswillbeimproved;four,domesticR&Dconcentratedinuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes,productionintheenterprises,thelackofR&Dresultsoftherapidindustrializationoftheconversionmechanism,whichshouldbelearnfromTaiwan'sIndustrialTechnologyResearchInstituteofthetechnicalachievementsthelicensingmechanismtospeeduptheconversionrateoftechnologicalachievementsandscientificresearchinstitutescannotbefortheirownindustryratherthantheoutcomeofthelatesttechnologyandtimelytransfertoindustry,theGovernmentshouldregulatethedevelopmentofrelevantpolicy-relatedbehavior;fivedomesticlackofcorepatents,inparticularrelatedtotheindustryinthelong-termdevelopmentoftheBlu-raycorepatentsandpatentlackofwhitelight,whichwillenablelong-termdevelopmentofdomesticindustriestofunction.China'slocalenterprisesatthisstageismainlyattheinitialstage,smallercompanies,themanufacturersofthemasterdonotconstituteathreattothepatent,patentissuesisnotveryprominent.However,withthedevelopmentandexpansionofdomesticenterprises,oncethescaletoacertainextent,the"goingout"developmentstrategy,willbecomeapotentialpatentissues.Atpresent,thedomesticenterprisestogrowbigger,toimproveproductqualityandtechnicallevelofthemostimportanttaskistoimprovethefuturelicensingcompaniesaskingpriceatthetime,ortograduallybreakthroughthecoreofR&Dpatents.WebelievethattheLEDindustryinChinahasgoodprospectsfordevelopment,basedonthefollowingpoints:First,intermsofthetechnology,LEDtechnologyhasthebottleneckofhighgrowth,low-thresholdcharacteristicsofthestudy,thedomesticlong-termaccumulationinthesemiconductorfieldofresearchresourcescanbeusefulwithagoodbasisforfurtherstudy.Althoughthemanufacturingofintegratedcircuitsbasedonweak,relativelylowtechnologicallevel,butsomedomesticenterprisestojoinoverseastechnicalpersonnel,continuetomakebreakthroughsintechnology,technologicallevelofdomesticenterpriseswithgoodcompanieswiththetechnologicallevelofTaiwanorlessthesameaswithinternationalcompaniesasawholehasbeennarrowingtheSecond,LEDinvestedrelativelysmallinitialinvestmentwillbe100millionplant,thedomesticenterprisestoenterthethresholdofthelow,easytoachievearollingdevelopmentandmanufactureofintegratedcircuitsandliquidcrystalpanelmanufacturerseasilytotensofbillionsofbillionsofyuanininvestmentitis"insignificant"easieraccesstothedomesticenterprisestoformindustrialclusters,ofcourse,mayalsoleadtoviciouscompetitionandtoacertainstageofdevelopmentofmarketintegration;Third,thedomesticmarketgreat,LEDmarketisthenextmajorgenerallightingmarket,themarketcapacity,end-consumermarket,scatteredanddifficulttoformamonopoly,avastlivingspaceofdomesticenterprises;Fourth,somecompanieshaveacoreofintellectualpropertyrights,suchascrystallinesiliconphotovoltaicsubstratecanGaN-rayprojects,DalianRoad,theareaoftheUnitedStatesandthecoreofthechiptechnology,hasglobalcompetitivenessoftheseenterprisesontechnologydevelopmentinthedemonstrationeffecteasytoformandpromotethehealthygrowthofthedomesticbusinessmarket;five,aftermaturityofthetechnology,LEDdownstreampackaginganddevicesarelabor-intensiveproduction,thedevelopmentofthemainlandwiththelaborcostadvantage.ThedevelopmentprocessfromtheLEDindustry,theglobalsalesofLEDaccordingtothemarketiscurrentlythelargestmobilephonebacklightmarket,withmobilephonesalesgrowthslowingdown,aswellastheOLEDscreenonthemobilephoneTFT-LCDscreentoenhancethepenetrationoftheglobalgrowthrateoftheLED.Technologicalprogressasaresultofcostreductioninthecurrent(andevenpre-2010)isnotenoughtoallowfullaccesstogeneraluseLEDlightingmarket,globalgrowthwillbethenextnotebook,LCDTVbacklighting,andautomotivemarketswiththecarinteriorlampbacklightmarket.Astheworld'stopfiveLCDpanel(LGPhilips,Samsung,AUO,CMOandSharp)inahighlevelofLEDtechnology,largeproductioncapacityinJapan,TaiwanandSouthKorea,domesticonlyBOE,polishelectricityandtheFiveDragonPVpanelsofthreelines,the4.5-generationShanghaiTianmaproductionlinewillbeabletoafterthedemandforLEDbacklighting,buttheoveralldemandisnotdominant,thedomesticenterprisestoentertheLCDpanelbacklightLEDsupplychainproceedsshouldnotbetoolargebacklitpanelwithmobilephonemarketisquitesimilar.ApplicationoftheChinesemarketatthisstagemainlyinthearchitecturallighting,indoorandoutdoordisplay,basedontheabovereasons,themainforceofthenextwavemaybepresentinthesemarkets,butinmobilephones,smallsizeLCDbacklight,automobilepenetrationwillincrease,andsomescatteredmarketssuchasspeciallightingwillopenupevenmore(thecostofspeciallightingrequirementsforgenerallightingisnotsoharsh).Afterthereplacementofafewyearsago,LEDtrafficlightsisverypopular,astheLED'slifeislonger,theshorttermitisverydifficulttoreplaceintheeventoflarge-scalework,whichmakestheLEDtrafficlightsforaperiodoflowdemandperiod;alargedomesticsedanmarket,buthigher,certificationcyclelength,aslongasthereisexcellentproductquality,domesticmotorvehiclelightsLEDbacklightingandaverylargemarketdemandandgrowthindemandinthismarketisrelativelystable;andLEDdisplayitseasytoassemble,lowpowerconsumption,highbrightness,etc.hasbeenwidelyappliedtothebanking,securities,squares,railwaystations,sportsvenues,thefutureofthismarketthereisstillgreatpotentialforgrowth;intheOlympicGames,WorldExpo,anumberofcitynightdemonstrationeffectoftheproject,ledbyNationalSemiconductorLightingProject,aswellasthemanyfavorablefactors,suchasthepromotionof,thearchitecturallightingmarketisstillabroadprospect.Generallyspeaking,anumberoflargeinternationalcompaniesfocusedonhigh-end,moreconcentratedtargetmarket's"ready"market,aswellasgenerallightingofthehugepotentialmarket,andsomeoftheproductswillberelativelylowtechnicalrequirementsthatthefuturecontrolofthedecentralizednatureofthemarketsoweakoutofhandbecauseofitslargenumberofpatents,donotworryaboutthefuturewasoutofthemarketatthisstagenottopursueproductioncapacity(permonthtoNichia500kk,ToyodaGoseiandCreewere350kkand300kk),andfocusontechnologytoleadthemarkettrend,Whenthetechnologyismatureenoughtobethesizeofthemarketintothegenerallighting,itisestimatedthatitsproductioncapacitywillberapidlyandatthesametimetoreduceexternallicensing.This"center-periphery"ofthecompetitionisexpectedtomaintainalongperiodoftime.Atpresent,themajormanufacturersintheMainlandmarket,ifthefearofchipexportswillencountertwochallenges:First,largeinternationalcompaniesinpatentlitigation(mainlyblueandwhite),infact,aslongasacertainsize,regardlessoftheexportandwhetherthepatentwillencounterchallenges,buttheexportofpatentlitigationismorelikelythatanumberof;Second,thecompetitivenessofotherexternalvendors,especiallymanufacturersinTaiwan,Taiwan'straditionalmanufacturersfollowedtheirstrategy-andtechnologytotracktheinternationalcompanies,atthesametimestronglyimproveproductivity,reducecostsandproductioncapacityinTaiwantheworld'sfirstchip,thereareanumberofotherindustriessuchasthegiantHonHai,theMau,thetotalbeinggoodtoenterthisarea,caninfluencethefutureofTaiwanLEDchipglobalmarketpricefluctuations.Giventhehugedomesticmarketdemand,domesticchipplants,evenifitcanrelyonthedomesticmarketofthedevelopmentofanadequate,ifthephotocompaniesoverseasunlimitedaccesstodomesticmarkets,domesticcompanieswillfacecontinuedcompetitivepressures,whichinthelong-termdomesticenterprisesisaverynegativestatement.LEDindustryisgrowingatthisstage,butalsothelayoutoftheLEDmakersaviewofdomestic,foreigninvestmentintheMainlandtoenjoytaxincentives,domesticenterprisestocompeteinanunequalpositiontoenterthedomesticmarkettoforeigninvestorsshouldbeencouragedtosetupfactoriesinChinatoengageinoutreach,chipcoretechnology,suchasenterprises,theseenterprisescanpromotepersonneltrainingandraisingtheoverallskilllevel;shouldbelimitedtothosepackagesinthecountry,chip,suchaspartofthecoretechnologyfortheoccupationintheforeignmarketfromtheenterprise,Oncesuchabusinesscardinallcoreareas,andlocalenterprisesdonotenjoythebenefitsoftechnologicalprogress,developmentandlimitedspace,Iamafraidtheywillscrambletorelyonpricewar,notsohardtocurryfavorwiththeirownthing,sodealwithonlypartofthecurrentpackageinChinatolimitforeigninvestment,suchasimporttariffsleviedonthechip.Fromthepatentlitigationisconcerned,itsnotterrible,aslongasourmaincompetitors,havetopay,westillcompeteinthesamestartingline,Taiwan'smajorinvolvingtheblueandwhiteLEDchipfactoryinthegrowthprocesshaveexperiencedlitigationLED,reachedasettlementintheproceedingstoobtainpatents,continuetogrow.Thebestresponseistodoatthisstagealarge-scale,accesstopatents,whileatthesametimestrengthenitsownR&Dtoimprovethepatentlitigationinthebargainingpowerforcross-licensing.Domesticenterprisesintermsofsize,Sandymayusherinthegrowthofthefirst"baptism."Thefutureindustrialcompetitivenesswilldependontwoaspects,firstly,technology,includingtoimprovelight-emittingefficiencyandlowerthecostoftechnologytoimprovepowerdevicetechnology,thedirectionoftheroadthereisanextensionofexistingtechnology,butalsopossibleroutesofnewtechnologies;alsoincludingaccesstohigh-qualitytechnologyproducts,aswellasexternalsystemssuchaslightingdesignandtechnology-drivenchipdesign;Second,thescale,onthe

onehand,duetolargescaletoreducecosts,themarketstrongbargainingpower;Ontheotherhand,compoundswithICwafermanufactureofsiliconusedisverydifferent,evenifanextensiononthesameproductionoutofthechipperformancemaybequitedifferent,whichrequirerelativelyhighconsistencyofapplicationareas(suchasatypicalLCDbacklight),theextensionofanThereisonlyapartoftomeettherequirements,butlarge-scaleenterprises,thenumberoflevelsofmarketstructure,canbeinconsistentwiththerequirementsofaparticularmarketdeploymentofchipproductstoanothermarket,thecompany'stotaloutputtoincreasetheefficiencyofthefull.LEDindustryabrightfuture,butonlyintheabove-mentionedtwoaspectsoftheindustry'sleadingenterpriseisthefutureking.Conclusion:Companycommented,domesticenterprisesshouldbeconcernedaboutwhat?IntheentireLEDindustrychainandwhichbusinessconcern?Fromtheoveralldevelopmentprocess,thefivecompaniesmostinvestmentvalue.Aclassofintellectualpropertyrightsisacorebusiness.Roomforthedevelopmentofsuchenterprisesinthemostbroad-baseddomestictoNanchangUniversityestablishedajointprivateequityfundisthecrystalcanbeatypicalrepresentativeofphotoelectric,photoelectriccrystalcanbemadeofsilicon-basedGunBlu-raytechnologytotheworld'stopthreeblueLightoneprocesstechnologytobreakthroughforeignpatentsNichiaandCreeblockade,thecompanyissetupnearthecurrentleveloftheindustryneedtobeinspected;anotherLuforDalian,thecompanythroughtheacquisitionofAmericanLEDchipmanufacturerstomakechipsAXTtechnologyincreases,accesstomorethan40patentedcoretechnologies,aswellasthetechnicalteam.Inaddition,DalianLuengagedinrareearthsincetheoriginallight-emittingmaterial,whiteinthesynthesisoffluorescentpowderusedintheproductionofanedge,isoneoftheworldproductionofonlyafewcanproducelight-emittinglight-emittingmaterialscanchipbusiness.Moreover,thepossibilityofR&Dnewrare-earthfluorescentpowder,breakthroughchina,Ourwhitelighttechnology,suchaspatents,forthedomesticindustryintothegeneralLEDlightingbreakthroughinthelastbarriers!WhiteLEDlightingaslongasthetwomajor"stumblingblock"-Blu-raypatentandwhitepatenttomakeabreakthrough,thedomesticLEDindustryabrightfutureaheadfortherestofthedomesticindustryistotesttheabilityoftheindustry.Apartfromthemercury-freeLEDlightsource,savingenergy,materials,environmentalnon-electromagneticinterference,non-harmfulraysfiveadvantage,fieldsinlighting,especiallyinlandscapelighting,therearemanyadvantages.Suchas:low-voltagepowersupply-nohigh-pressureareas,inordertoinsulationcostsmuchless,highreliabilityannexsimple-nostarter,ballastorEHVtransformer;simplestructure-asolidsourceofthegreatestadvantages,Non-carbonated,non-glasscase,nogassealingproblems,impactresistance;controllablegood-fastresponsetimecolorChina--SemiconductorPNjunctionproducetheirowncolor,pure,strong,richcolors-plusthreeprimarycolorsofdigitaltechnology,evolutionofarbitrarycolor;lightstructure-wood,cost-saving;lampsonstrengthandstiffnessrequirementsofverylow----ThecompactsizeoftheLEDlampscanbeseenastheLEDcells,onlythesmallestLEDmm2orderofmagnitudeorless;flexiblegood-LEDlightsourceofthecompact,LEDcanadapttoallkindsofdifferentsizeandgeometryofspacesizeThedecorativelightingrequirements,suchas:point,line,surface,theball,differentforms,andanyformofartlightingsculpture;visible,LEDisworthyofagreenlightingofthe21stcenturyproud.LEDdecorativelandscapelightingresearchanddevelopmentduetothecharacteristicsoftheLEDwithaseriesofadvantages,LEDlampsinthelandscapegardenlights,pathlights,lampsandburied,smallspotlights,CakeDeng,theFast-TrackRoadLamps,walllamp,andsoon.SourceuseLED,combinedwithchangesincontrol,upgradingtheHowonthelandscape,makingthemmoreartistictastes.Non-standardprofiledthedevelopmentoflandscapelighting,landscapelighting,lampsinstalledtoprotectthelandscapeandenvironment,thepreventionoflightingthevisualimpact,inordertobeautifytheday,undertheartisticLightnight.ThisrequiresinstallationoflampsbecauseofthestructureandsystemtoKing,thearchitecturalfeaturestothesystem,manycannotmeetthestandardlampsismorethanrequired.LEDlampsdesignedflexible,especiallyforthesystemtoKingbecauseofthenon-standardlightingdesign,landscapelightingandvisualcoordination,beautifytheenvironmenttoachieveanewlevel.adevelopmentofVisualArts,andtheLEDlightsourcecanbemorecreativeartoflandscapelightingtoahigherrealm.AsthecontrollableLEDgood,richcolors,andmicroelectronictechnologyintelligentcontrol,toallkindsofideascanbecolorandexcitingjoyfulrhythm,melodybeautifullandscapelighting.Suchas:LEDlightsPark,Pintthanthegas-dischargelampstobemuchmorelongevity,notdamaged,andrichcolors.Anotherexample:LEDlightswinds,justintelligentcomputercontrol,wecanachieve"Nowindatthe"rapidrotation,andalsoenablesautomatictransmissionandforthewonderfulcolorchanges.Similarideas,aslongastheinspiration,canachieve.Lightingsculpturecategoryofdevelopment,anyofthesimulation,bionics,comics,cartoons,commercial,tourismandsoonthevariouslightingsculpture,andsoundcanbecombinedLEDtechnologyandmicroelectronicscontrol,whentogetherwithOnthemechanicalandelectricalintegrationtechnology,developedtoattractpeople'sattentionaseriesoflandscapelightingsculptures.LEDlightinglandscapeofintelligentcontroltechnology,LEDlightinglandscapeofintelligentcontroltechnology,adigitaloranalogtechnology,orcomputercontroltechnology,forthemostcompactorembeddedsystems.Characteristics:highreliability,excellentprices;manychangesinpatterns;existingsingle-lightcontrol,anothergroupcontrolmode;manynon-standarddesign;longlonglampsormore(suchas:long-zone,manyWalllinearlayout);LEDdisplaytechnologyandalotofdifference.Accordingtothelandscapingrequirements,changesincontrolmode,givestorichandcolorful,beautifulmelody,rhythmjoyfulfeelings,sometimestoshakethecoretogivepeopleastrongboost.Accordingtoofrichcolor,colorconstitutealmostunlimited.Inaccordancewiththeprinciplesofthethreeprimarycolorsandgray-scaledigitalcontroltechnology,ontheprincipleofevolutiontobealmostbeyondthearbitrarynaturecolor.Forexample:threecolorLED,suchasusingonlytwogray-scalecontrol,namely:thedarkandcanachieveeightkindsofcolorevolution;Anotherexample:threecolorLED,athree-graycontrol,namely:thatinthedark,Toachieve27kindsofcolorchanges;Anotherexample:threecolorLED,suchastheuseoftheeightdigitalcontrolofgray,colorcategorieshasreachedanalarminglevel,reaching16.77millionkinds,eventhenamesofeverycoloryouaretoolateNamed.Currently,LEDlampselectroniccontrolstructure,therearefiveormorecategories.Ontheperformanceoflife,thesiliconecanbeachievedtoextendtheservicelifeofwhiteLEDtarget,orevenreachmorethan40,000hoursoflife,butisnotreallysuitedtodothelightingontheapplicationofresearchstillneedstobe,becausethesiliconeIsaflexiblesoftmaterial,sointhepackagingprocess,theneedtopayspecialattentiontoapplicationoftheway,fromdesigningthemostappropriateapplicationoftechnology.Forthefutureofthearea,improvewhiteLEDlightoutputefficiencywillbekeytowinningthepoint.WhiteLEDproductiontechniques,fromablueLEDandayellowYAGphosphormix,developedasimulationofthewhitetarget,theuseofcolourormixeduseofGaNmaterials,developedawhiteLED,theapplicationshavealreadyWillbereadoutinthedirectiontowardsamoreextensiveexpansion.Inaddition,inthedevelopmentofLEDlightingpromotingtheJapanAssociationgoalistolookforwardtoin2009isexpectedtoreach100wtheluminousefficiency,andinfact,aconsiderablenumberofIntheindustrytowardsthedevelopmentofthisarea,isexpectedinthenextfewyears,100wluminousefficiencycanactuallycommercialapplications.LEDmicro-electroniccontrolcircuitdesignoptimizationofthefocusis:reliable,thepriceofdistinctions,usingcommoncomponents,sourcesofwealth.Thele