Module+4+Unit+1+I+haven't+done+much+exercise+since+I+got+my+computer.知識(shí)點(diǎn) 外研版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

&1&

cough

/k?f/

n.

咳嗽

v.

咳嗽&2&

作名詞，have/get

a

cough意為"咳嗽"。cough還可作動(dòng)詞，意為"咳嗽"。cough

咳嗽(教材P26)語(yǔ)境串記—What's

wrong

with

you？You're

coughing

all

the

time.

你怎么了？一直在咳嗽?！狪've

had

a

bad

cough

(=coughed

badly)

these

days.

Perhaps

smoking

causes

my

dry.

.cough.我這些天咳嗽得厲害?；蛟S是吸煙引起我干咳的。&3&

How

can

I

help

you？&4&

相當(dāng)于"What

can

I

do

for

you?"，本意為"我能為你做些什么嗎？/有什么事我可以為你效勞嗎?"，可根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境作不同的翻譯。Are

you

in

trouble?

How

can

I

help

you?

你遇到麻煩了嗎？我能為你做些什么嗎？How

can

I

help

you?你哪里不舒服？(教材P26)&5&

醫(yī)生詢(xún)問(wèn)病人的常用語(yǔ)還有："What's

the

matter

(with

you)?""What's

wrong

(with

you)?"或"What's

the

trouble

(with

you)?"，三者均意為"(你)哪兒不舒服？"?！猈hat's

wrong/the

matter

with

you?你哪兒不舒服？—I

have

a

headache.

我頭痛。&6&

ill

/?l/

adj.不健康的；有病的&7&

在此作形容詞，不用于名詞前，通常作表語(yǔ)。illness為名詞，意為"病；疾病"，由"ill(adj.不健康的；有病的)+-ness(名詞后綴)"構(gòu)成。We

both

started

to

feel

ill

after

the

meal.

我們倆飯后都開(kāi)始感到不適。He

can't

come

to

the

meeting

today

because

he

is

ill(=because

of

his

illness).今天他因病不能來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)。I

feel

ill.

我感覺(jué)病了。(教材P26)&8&

ill與sick兩者都可意為"生病的，有病的"，區(qū)別如下：ill通常用作表語(yǔ)。Her

mother

is

ill

in

hospital.

她媽媽生病住院了。sick可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。She

must

look

after

her

sick

daughter.

她必須照看她生病的女兒。&9&

ache

/e?k/

n.

痛；疼痛&10&

作名詞，意為"痛；疼痛"。stomach

ache

意為"胃痛；腹痛"。Linda

had

a

stomach

ache

this

morning.

琳達(dá)今天上午胃痛。I've

got

a

stomach

ache

and

my

head

hurts.

我胃痛,而且頭也痛。(教材P26)&11&

ache可跟在某些表示器官或身體部位的名詞之后，表示"……痛"。&12&

hurt

v.(身體部位)感到疼痛&13&

在此作不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞均為hurt，其后不能接賓語(yǔ)，也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。It

hurts

when

I

move

my

right

leg.

我的右腿一動(dòng)就疼。&14&

(1)英語(yǔ)中，表示某部位疼痛可以用"have+a/an+表示身體部位的名詞+ache""have

a

pain+in

the/one's+表示身體部位的名詞"或"表示身體部位的名詞+hurt"。I

have

a

backache.=I

have

a

pain

in

the/my

back.=My

back

hurts.

我背疼。(2)hurt也可作形容詞，意為"(身體上/感情上)受傷的"。He

was

badly

hurt

in

the

car

accident.他在車(chē)禍中受傷很?chē)?yán)重。She

was

deeply

hurt

after

hearing

the

news.

聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息，她感到十分難過(guò)。&15&

since

/s?ns/

prep.自……以來(lái)

conj.自……以來(lái)&16&

&17&

(1)①句中的since作介詞，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。since后面的賓語(yǔ)通常為表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞或短語(yǔ)。He

has

been

in

this

school

since

three

years

ago.

他三年前就在這所學(xué)校了。①Since

Friday.

從星期五開(kāi)始的。(教材P26)②I

haven't

done

much

exercise

since

I

got

my

computer

last

year.

自從去年有了電腦，我就沒(méi)怎么運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)。

(教材P26)(2)②句中的since作連詞，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。She

has

learned

to

play

the

piano

since

she

was

three

years

old.

她從三歲起就學(xué)彈鋼琴了。典例1

(北京中考)Jim

___

a

lot

about

Chinese

culture

since

he

began

to

study

in

our

school.DA.learns

B.learned

C.will

learn

D.has

learned【解析】句意：自從吉姆開(kāi)始在我們學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)以來(lái)，他學(xué)到了許多關(guān)于中國(guó)文化方面的知識(shí)。由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。故選D。&18&

for+時(shí)間段

&19&

常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。for在此表示"計(jì)；達(dá)"。Chinese

food

has

been

enjoyed

in

western

countries

for

a

long

time.

中餐在西方國(guó)家已經(jīng)流行了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。(懷化中考)I've

been

ill

for

about

three

days!

我已經(jīng)病了大約三天了！(教材P26)&20&

I

see.我明白了。&21&

用于口語(yǔ)中，意為"我明白了/我知道了"。動(dòng)詞see有"明白；理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)"之意。I

see!

It

opens

like

this.我明白了！它是這樣打開(kāi)的。I

don't

see

what

you

mean.

我不懂你的意思。I

see.

Have

you

caught

a

cold?

我明白了。你感冒了嗎？(教材P26)&22&

catch

a

cold感冒&23&

相當(dāng)于have/get

a

cold。若表達(dá)"患重感冒"，要用catch/have/get

a

bad

cold。I

caught

a

bad

cold

last

week.

我上周患了重感冒。特別提醒catch/get

a

cold

為短暫性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；have

a

cold為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。&24&

I

don't

think

so.I

don't

think

so.

我覺(jué)得沒(méi)有。(教材P26)&25&

常用于口語(yǔ)中，表示不同意對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)、看法等，其肯定形式為"I

think

so."。其中so代替的是對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)或看法。—Don't

worry!

Perhaps

a

friend

saw

it

and

took

it

home.

別擔(dān)心！也許是朋友看到了，把它帶回家了。—No,

I

don't

think

so.

No

one

called

me.

不，我不這么認(rèn)為。沒(méi)人給我打電話。(臺(tái)州中考)典例2

(鄂州中考)—I

don't

like

the

short

story

The

Gifts.

I

think

it's

too

old.—___.

Although

it

may

be

out

of

date,

I

still

think

it's

moving.AA.I

don't

think

so

B.It

doesn't

matterC.You're

welcome

D.That's

all

right【解析】句意：——我不喜歡《禮物》這個(gè)短篇小說(shuō)。我認(rèn)為它太老了?！也贿@么認(rèn)為。雖然它可能過(guò)時(shí)了，但我仍然認(rèn)為它很感人。由"I

still

think

it's

moving"可知，第二個(gè)人持不同觀點(diǎn)，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)表示"沒(méi)關(guān)系"，C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都表示"不客氣"，三者均不符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。&26&

take

sb.'s

temperature量某人的體溫&27&

為固定短語(yǔ)，其中動(dòng)詞take意為"測(cè)定，量取"。The

doctor

took

her

temperature.

醫(yī)生量了她的體溫。Let

me

take

your

temperature...讓我給你量一下體溫……(教材P26)&28&

fever

/?fi?v?/

n.

發(fā)燒；發(fā)熱Hmm,

there's

no

fever.

嗯，不發(fā)燒。(教材P26)&29&

作名詞，意為"發(fā)燒；發(fā)熱"。catch/have

a

fever意為"發(fā)燒"。Last

weekend,

he

caught

a

cold

and

had

a

high

fever.

上周末，他感冒發(fā)高燒了。&30&

That's

the

problem.這/那就是問(wèn)題所在。&31&

相似的說(shuō)法還有That's

it"那就是了"。—I

drank

some

strong

tea

and

couldn't

fall

asleep

last

night.

我喝了一些濃茶，昨晚失眠了。—That's

the

problem./That's

it.

Strong

tea

often

causes

sleeplessness.

這就是問(wèn)題所在。濃茶經(jīng)常會(huì)導(dǎo)致失眠。That's

the

problem!

問(wèn)題就在這里！(教材P26)&32&

與此類(lèi)似的說(shuō)法還有：That's

the

point"這/那就是問(wèn)題所在；這/那就是關(guān)鍵"。That's

the

point.

To

say

is

one

thing,

but

to

do

is

quite

another.

這就是問(wèn)題所在。說(shuō)是一回事，而做是另一回事。&33&

not

really不，不是，不怎么&34&

常用于口語(yǔ)中，在此表示不太強(qiáng)烈的否定，意為"不""不是""不怎么"等。根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境可作不同的翻譯。—Are

you

busy

now?

你現(xiàn)在忙嗎?—Oh,

not

really.

哦，不怎么忙。Not

really.

不怎么鍛煉。(教材P26)&35&

too

much太多&36&

&37&

too

much，too

many與much

tooYou

spend

too

much

time

in

front

of

the

computer.

你在電腦前花費(fèi)的時(shí)間太多了。(教材P26)易混短語(yǔ)義項(xiàng)中心詞用法too

much太多muchtoo

much+不可數(shù)名詞too

many太多manytoo

many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much

too太；非常toomuch

too+形容詞或副詞When

there

is

too

much

waste,

our

environment

will

become

dirty.

當(dāng)有太多的廢物時(shí)，我們的環(huán)境就會(huì)變臟。(邵陽(yáng)中考)There

are

too

many

people

in

the

park.

公園里的人太多了。The

house

is

much

too

expensive

for

me.

I

can't

afford

it.這房子對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太貴了，我買(mǎi)不起。巧學(xué)妙記too

much,

much

too,重點(diǎn)區(qū)別在尾部；much后接不可數(shù)，too后只接形或副；too

many須記住，其后名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。典例3

(安順中考)My

cousin

is

________

heavy

because

he

often

eats

________

fast

food．(

)

CA.too

much;

too

many

B.too

many;

too

muchC.much

too;

too

much

D.too

much;

much

too【解析】much

too"太，非常"，修飾形容詞或副詞；too

many"太多"，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；too

much"太多"，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。第一空修飾形容詞heavy，應(yīng)用much

too；第二空修飾不可數(shù)名詞短語(yǔ)fast

food，應(yīng)用too

much。故選C。&38&

be

harmful

to

對(duì)……有害&39&

相當(dāng)于be

bad

for。其中harmful

作形容詞，意為"有害的"；to為介詞。Cutting

down

trees

is

harmful

to

human

beings,

animals

and

plants.

砍伐樹(shù)木對(duì)人類(lèi)和動(dòng)植物都有害。(衡陽(yáng)中考)It

can

be

very

harmful

to

your

health.這可能對(duì)你的健康非常有害。(教材P26)&40&

do

harm

to也表示"對(duì)……有害"，其中harm作名詞，to為介詞。該短語(yǔ)可以與be

harmful

to進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。Polluted

air

and

water

do

harm

to(=

are

harmful

to)people's

health.

受污染的空氣和水對(duì)人的健康是有害的。典例4

—Tom,

playing

computer

games

___

your

eyes.—I

see.

Thank

you.

I

will

do

more

sports

instead.AA.is

harmful

to

B.is

good

for

C.is

strict

with

D.is

sorry

for【解析】——湯姆，玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻??！抑懒?，謝謝你。我會(huì)多做運(yùn)動(dòng)代替玩電腦游戲。be

harmful

to"對(duì)……有害"；be

good

for"對(duì)……有益"；be

strict

with"對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格"；be

sorry

for"對(duì)……感到抱歉"。根據(jù)常識(shí)及"I

will

do

more

sports

instead"可知，此處表示對(duì)眼睛有害，故選A。health

/helθ/

n.

健康(狀況)&42&

作名詞，be

in

good/poor

health表示"身體好/不好"。Although

Zhang

Guimei

isn't

in

good

health,

she

works

hard

to

help

her

students.

盡管張桂梅身體不好，但她仍然努力幫助她的學(xué)生。(重慶中考B卷)&43&

與health相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)境串記We

must

eat

healthily

to

stay.

.healthy,

so

get

out

of

your

unhealthy

habits

and

don't

eat

or

drink

unhealthily

from

now

on.

我們必須健康地飲食來(lái)保持健康，因此從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始改掉你不健康的習(xí)慣，不要不