電子商務(wù)簡(jiǎn)介外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

電子商務(wù)簡(jiǎn)介外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)電子商務(wù)簡(jiǎn)介外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)原文：ElectroniccommerceElectroniccommerce,ortheelectronicstrade,ortheelectronicbusinessisregardedasanewkindofrisingbusinessmodelwhichwillbringaboutprofoundinfluenceonsocialeconomy.Anditcanbesaidastheimportantfunctioninthesocialdevelopmentoftheworld-widelocations.Itrepresentsthecurrentoftheworldtradeinlateof21centuries.1).Whatistheelectroniccommerce?Electroniccommercepointisthroughtheteleportationmethodtocarryonthebusinessdata'sexchangewiththenumericalformandon-linebusinessactivity.Usually,electroniccommercecanbedividedintodichotomouslayers:Thefirstisalowlevelelectroniccommerce,namelyelectronicbusinessintelligencereport,theelectronicbargainandelectronicscontract.Thesecondoneisahighelectroniccommerce,includingallkindsofbusinessactivitieswhichaskforhelpingInternet'sbeengagedins,fromsearchingthecustomer,thebusinessnegotiation,order,on-linepayment,theelectronicsinvoice,goingtotheelectronicstopaycustomsduties,theelectronicspaytax,alloftheseareengagedintheInternet.Theelectroniccommercemeansthatalltradeswiththerealizationelectronical.Ithasthefollowingcharacteristics:①Fairfreedom,the②isefficiently,globalizationof③,theconjectureof④turn,interactionof⑤,⑥independence,⑦h(yuǎn)umanizationservice.Makinguseoftheelectroniccommerce,customerandprovidercancontactintheglobalscopemutuallycloselyandconveniently.Asaresultthecustomerscanfindouttheirsatisfydemandingidealstoprovidethegoodstothecompanyfromeachcornerintheworld.Theelectroniccommercewillchangetheenvironmentthatthebusinessenterprisecompetesmutually,lowerundertheresidinginthemarketstructureoftraditionishighnotofcost.tradethecostlowandeasytoenteredperson'smarketandgovernmentstoencouragetouseInternet(tax-free)toactivatetheelectroniccommerce,pushitsstart伊tostarttodevelopthenandquickly.Predictaccordingtotheexpert,to2000,thewholeworldelectroniccommercewillattainthescaleofUSD300,000,000,000.Butithasalreadyexceededthisscale.Forinsuringthesafetyoftheelectroniccommerce,shouldbuilduptheelectronicscertificatecenter.ThenumericalIDcardusestothedefiniteevidencebody.ThenumericalIDcardissuestoentrusttothethirdsquare,namelyanauthorizationmachineTheorgancarryout,itincludestheholdertoidentifytheinformation(name,address,thecontactmethod,theIDcardserialnumber),bothpartiespoolingkeyofsecret,termofvalidity,passwordandtheauthorizationorganizationstoidentifyinformationetc..MakeuseofthenumericalIDcard,tradethebothpartiesandcaninsuretoidentifyanotheronesquare'sbody,anddefiniteevidenceanothertheinformationthatasquaresendouthasnotyettochange.2).theinfluencethattheelectroniccommercemayproduceComparedwiththetraditionalbusiness,theelectroniccommercehasthefollowingadvantage:*Overlaythescopewide:AnetworksystemthatcombinesInternet,intranet(theareanetofthebureauofthebusinessenterpriseinnerpart)andextranet(thebusinessenterpriseexteriornetwork)smakebuyer,sellingparty,manufactoryanditcooperatecolleaguecanintheworldofscopecontactanddeliverthebusinessintelligencereportanddocumentsexpedientlymutually.*Thefunctioniswell-found:Intheelectroniccommerce,differentfromthecustomerofdifferentlayercancarryoutbargaintargetofdifferentcategory,forexample,releasethebusinessintelligencereport,on-linenegotiation,theelectronicspaymentandbuildupvirtualmarketandon-linebanketc.s.*Usagetheconvenienceisvivid:AccordingtoInternet,theelectroniccommerceisfreefromtherestrictthatthespecializeddataexchangestheagreement.Canusepersonalcalculatorofanytype,atintheworldanylocation,carryonthebargainexpedientlyonthecalculatorscreen.*Thecostislow:Makeuseoftheelectroniccommerce,theexpenditurethatcancutdowntousedforexpensesandinternationaltripsthatemploystheemployee,themaintenancewarehouseandshopfrontandmailconsumedly.TheexpensesthatusesInternetisverylow.Theelectroniccommercewillbringaboutimportantinfluenceonsocialeconomy:*Theelectroniccommercewillchangethepeoplethebehaviormethodthatadopthabituallyinthebusinessactivity.Passthenetwork,thepeoplecanenterthevirtualstoreofperson,browsingeverywhere,choosetheirinterestedinthing,andenjoyvariouson-lineservice.Ontheotherhand,company'shousecanpassthenetworkandtheconsumercontacts,decidingtopurchasetheproduct(categoryandquantity)tocombinetheclosebook.Thegovernmentorgancancarryontheelectronicsinvitationtobidandgovernmentpurchasesthroughanetwork.*Thecoreoftheelectroniccommerceisaperson.Itisasocialsystem.Theon-linestorechangedthepeople'sdailylifemethod,fullbodynowtheconsumerisinindependentpowerinthebargain.*Theelectroniccommercechangebusinessenterpriseproducesthewayoftheproduct.Passthenetwork,themanufactorydirectunderstandingmarketneed,andarrangetheproductionaccordingtothedemandoftheconsumer.*Theelectroniccommerceraisedthetradeefficiencybiggest,canremoveinthecenterlink;Thebiggestlimitlowersthesalecost.Producethearrangementcancarryout"thesmallbatchquantityaddsthespeciesdiverse",but"zerostocks"sbecomerealistic.*Theelectroniccommercecallsthebankservicereform.Beliketheon-linebank,on-linecashcardandcreditcard,on-lineclosebook,electronicsinvoice,theelectronics"cash"s-houroftheconsumerpurchaseanyfurtherneednotactualcash-thesenewtheconceptwillbecomerealistic.*Theelectroniccommercewillchangethegovernmentbehavior.So-called"on-linegovernment",anon-lineadministrationmanagementorganizationisexertivetheimportantfunctionofthesocialoutlet,keeporderandfair,fishforandsmashon-linecheat.3).thepresentconditionoftheflourishingandnationalelectroniccommerce90'sin20centuriesmiddle,Internetexperiencesthedevelopmentofexplodethetype,thetinymachineenterstenthousandofperson'sthousand,thecalculatornetworkhasalreadybecomepeople'sdailylifeinthenecessarypart.Peopletheinhopesofcalculatornetworkbringsmoreadvantagesandconvenience.Theelectroniccommerceemergewiththetideofthetimes.Atflourishingnation,actualappliedpolicyofthegovernmentwelltimedestablishmentpushelectroniccommerce,occupythepredominantpositioninnewlyacompetitionofscopeofworld.TheelectroniccommerceoftheUnitedStatescontrolsthetradeofworld.Currently,thereare60,000,000customersofInternetintheUnitedStates.98%buysthemanageraboveon-linelookforthetarget.Accordingtotheestimateof,to2002,oftheAmericanbusinessenterprisepassthevaluethattheelectroniccommercecompletesthetradingposttoinvolveandwillhave6.1%anofGDP《wealth》thecovarianceenunciationofthemagazine,500strongcompaniesinworldallopentheon-linebusinessofexhibition.TheIBMacceptstheperson's25%(aboutUSD20,000,000,000)tohavesomethingtodowithelectroniccommerce.Hadtheelectroniccommerceluckily,maketheIBMsavetheexpenditureofUSD250,000,000in1999.4).thedevelopmentoftheChineseelectroniccommerceThedevelopmentoftheChinesegovernmentandcivilelectroniccommercebeginsfrom1993.Today,theelectroniccommercehasalreadybeenapplyinforeigntrade,maritimecustoms,financeandbusinessrealm.PekingandShanghaihasalreadybuiltupthenativeelectroniccommerceframe.SomeelectroniccommerceWebaddresseshavealreadyopennedtotheon-lineshoppingandon-lineclosebook.Thoughdoalltheseeffort,ChinaopenthecompanyoftheexhibitionelectroniccommercetosufferthelossinonebusinessofC(theBdepartmentpointsthebusiness,Cthedepartmentpointstheconsumer)ofonetoofitsBosomedChineseexpertslovethisshoppinghabitthatattributestotheChinese-Chineseconsumertheamateurthattheshoppingseesasakindofinteresting;Theyenjoytopasstoenjoyandcomparethemerchandiseandhaggletotheexpensivefun;Butallthesewillstartdisappearfromtheon-lineshopping.Otherexpertscan'tpracticethebusinessthisphenomenonattributestothesocietyinthewidespreadandexistentdoubtattitude11bankswitheachotherbecauseoffrighteneditsrivalpullstowalkcustomer;Thebankhastopulltothewalkcustomer;Thecashcardcan'tmakewidelyavailablebecausethebankdoesnotbelievethecommonpeople;Butthecommonpeopledonotliketheon-lineshoppingetc.Becauseofthebeliefoftheon-linestore.Why?Thereasonliesinon-lineandsocietyinmanyaffairsthatarealldeceitful,forexamplethedeceitfulcustomerquantity,deceitfulinterviewflowingthecovariance,counterfeitsthemerchandise,forgesthediploma,forgestheresume,deceitfulinvestment,deceitfulrank,appearsonmarketthebusinessenterprisedeceitfulacceptpersonetc..Thusacomprehensiveenvironmentwillnotchangeinverylongtimerecently.Insuchenvironment,itcan'tbeengagedinanybusinessactivity.SomanyoperatorsofIT'selectroniccommerceofournationslosttheconfidence.5).theelectroniccommerceoutlookThoughthedevelopmentisquickandseemstohavethebrightfuture.Theelectroniccommercefacesaseriesofactualproblems,forexample,involvingsafety,technique,expenses,lawsystem,revenuefromtaxsystem,idea,privacyprotection,infrastructureetc.problems.However,theelectroniccommercehasthemaincurrentofthenewbusinessenterpriseofcentury,andwilldevelopquicklyinseveralyearsofaftertime.Somecompanyestimates,untilto2003,theelectroniccommercebetweenthedevelopedcountriesofbusinessenterpriseswhichwillhave9%ofthebusinesstotalamount(13,USD0)above.Butinallaspectstheonlineconsumesoftheelectroniccommerce,untilto2002,thesalesamountwillattainUSD76,300,000,000.Butpositivesuchastheexpert'sestimate,theelectroniccommerceofChinawillcatchupwithin10yearsinthedevelopedcountries.Theyputforwardspending3to5yearstodrawupdevelopingtheelectroniccommerce.Thatofplan,policyandregulation,constructhugeandsolidtrueatofelectroniccommercesystem,willencouragethespecializedtalentedperson,excellentturntheelectroniccommercesystemofsomeprofessionsandregion;Thenwith5to7years,internationalelectroniccommerce’s,makingourelectroniccommercesystembecometheimportanceoftheinternationalelectroniccommercetoconstitutethepart;Makingwidelyavailabletheelectroniccommerceapplication,wepromotetheelectroniccommerceoftheourcountrytothehigherlevelintheaspectsofthestudy,developsandapply,attainsaverageleveloftheflourishingnation.

電子商務(wù)電子商務(wù)，或者電子貿(mào)易，或者電子商業(yè)作為一種新興的商業(yè)模式，將對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響，并且在世界各地的社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用。它代表著21世紀(jì)以后世界貿(mào)易的潮流。1)．何為電子商務(wù)？電子商務(wù)指的是通過電子傳輸方式以數(shù)字形式進(jìn)行商務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)交換和在線從事的商業(yè)活動(dòng)。通常，電子商務(wù)可以分成兩個(gè)層次：一是低層次電子商務(wù)，即電子商業(yè)情報(bào)、電子交易和電子契約。二是高層次電子商務(wù)，包括借助因特網(wǎng)從事的所有商業(yè)活動(dòng)，從找尋客戶，商業(yè)談判，下訂單，在線付款，出具電子發(fā)票，至電子報(bào)關(guān)，電子納稅，全都在因特網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行。電子商務(wù)意味著所有貿(mào)易交易實(shí)現(xiàn)電子化。它有以下特征：①公平自由，②高效，③全球化，④虛擬化，⑤互動(dòng)性，⑥自主，⑦人性化服務(wù)。利用電子商務(wù)，客戶和供貨商可以在全球范圍相互密切和方便的聯(lián)系，因而客戶能夠從世界各個(gè)角落找到滿足其需求的理想供貨商。電子商務(wù)將改變企業(yè)相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境，降低在傳統(tǒng)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)中居高不下的成本。交易成本低、便于進(jìn)人市場(chǎng)和政府鼓勵(lì)使用因特網(wǎng)（免稅）激活了電子商務(wù)，推動(dòng)其起步伊始便迅速發(fā)展。據(jù)專家預(yù)測(cè)，到2000年，全世界電子商務(wù)將達(dá)到3,000億美元的規(guī)模。而它已經(jīng)超過這一規(guī)模。為了確保電子商務(wù)的安全，應(yīng)當(dāng)建立電子證明中心。數(shù)字身份證用來確證身份。數(shù)字身份證的發(fā)放委托給第三方，即一家授權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)辦理，它包括持有人的識(shí)別信息（姓名、地址、聯(lián)系方式、身份證編號(hào)）、雙方共用的密鑰、有效期、密碼和授權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)的識(shí)別信息等。利用數(shù)字身份證，交易雙方能夠確保識(shí)別另一方的身份，并且確證另一方發(fā)出的信息未經(jīng)更改。2)．電子商務(wù)可能產(chǎn)生的影響與傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)相比，電子商務(wù)具有以下優(yōu)勢(shì)：＊覆蓋范圍廣：一個(gè)結(jié)合因特網(wǎng)、內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)（企業(yè)內(nèi)部的局域網(wǎng)）和外聯(lián)網(wǎng)（企業(yè)外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)使買方、賣方、制造商及其合作伙伴能夠在世界范圍相互聯(lián)系和方便地傳輸商業(yè)情報(bào)和文件。＊功能齊全：在電子商務(wù)中，不同類別和不同層次的用戶能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的交易目標(biāo)，例如，發(fā)布商業(yè)情報(bào)、在線談判、電子付款、建立虛擬市場(chǎng)和在線銀行等。＊使用方便靈活：基于因特網(wǎng)，電子商務(wù)不受專門數(shù)據(jù)交換協(xié)議的限制?？梢允褂萌魏晤愋偷膫€(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)，在世界上的任何地點(diǎn)，在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上方便地進(jìn)行交易。＊成本低：利用電子商務(wù)，能夠大大削減用于雇傭員工、維持倉(cāng)庫(kù)和店面的費(fèi)用及國(guó)際旅行和郵寄的開支。使用因特網(wǎng)的費(fèi)用非常低。電子商務(wù)將對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生重大影響：＊電子商務(wù)將改變?nèi)藗冊(cè)谏虡I(yè)活動(dòng)中習(xí)慣采取的行為方式。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)，人們可以進(jìn)人虛擬商店，四下瀏覽，挑選他們感興趣的東西，以及享受各種在線服務(wù)。另一方面，商家可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)與消費(fèi)者聯(lián)系，決定購(gòu)買物品（種類和數(shù)量）并結(jié)賬。政府機(jī)構(gòu)能夠通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行電子招標(biāo)和政府采購(gòu)。＊電子商務(wù)的核心是人。它是一個(gè)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)。在線商店改變了人們的日常生活方式，充分體現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者在交易中的自主權(quán)。＊電子商務(wù)改變企業(yè)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的方式。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)，制造商直接了解市場(chǎng)需求，并且按照消費(fèi)者的需要安排生產(chǎn)。＊電