東方英語 核心語法講義（劍波）

231（抓主干+總論）什么是語法？什么是語法？如何學(xué)習(xí)考研語法？一、什么是語法？詞法(常見完形填空，寫作)EgEgWomenareexposed stress.（考研完型填空）A.inB.onC.withD.toThecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthorsattributeto“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”（2016英語二完型）快樂與投資之間的關(guān)系在年輕的公司上表現(xiàn)得特別明顯，作者把這( )于“不那么墨守成規(guī)的決策過程”。[code準(zhǔn)則，編碼，法典；codifyv.編纂（使準(zhǔn)則化）]Thecourtshouldmakeitselfsubjecttothecodeofconduct.(2012英一完型)翻譯：法院應(yīng)該使自己()于行為準(zhǔn)則。句法(考研所有板塊)Isecondyou.Ifindyouadog.二、為什么需要學(xué)習(xí)考研語法？譯難句（考研英語難點(diǎn)）Idon’tloveyoubecauseyouaresobeautiful.Idon’tteachbecauseitearnsgoodmoney.Humansdonotcrybecausetheyaresad.（2011英一完型）造美句（實(shí)現(xiàn)高分,后期實(shí)現(xiàn)）Withpeople’slivingpacequickening,隨著人民生活節(jié)奏加快,（獨(dú)立主格）itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,眾所周知,（形式主語）candirectlyorindirectly,changeourlife信息技術(shù)能直接或間接影響我們的生活,（插入語）factthatinformationtechnologyimprovestheefficiency由于這一事實(shí)：信息技術(shù)提高了效率,（狀語從句）whichisverythought-provokinganddeservesafurtheranalysis.這很發(fā)（定語從句）整合：Withpeople’slivingpacequickening,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,informationtechnologycan,directlyorindirectly,changeourlifeduetothefactthatinformationtechnologyimprovestheefficiency,whichisverythought-provokinganddeservesafurtheranalysis.翻譯：隨著人民生活節(jié)奏加快,眾所周知,信息技術(shù)能直接或間接影響我們的生活,由于這一事實(shí)：信息技術(shù)提高了效率,這很發(fā)人深省，并且值得進(jìn)一步分析。秒長句（考研英語重點(diǎn)）Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem（2010年英語二27詞）ofcrucialminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionthatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.(2010英語二98詞)novel,”manyreviewersperceivedviolationsoftheconventionsoftherealisticnovelform,pointingoutvariouslythatlateinthebook,thenarratorprotagonistCelieandherfriendsarepropelledtowardahappyendingwithmorevelocitythancredibility,thatthelettersfromNettietohersisterCelieintrudeintothemiddleofthemainactionwithlittlemotivationorwarrant,andthatthedeviceofCelie’sletterstoGodisespeciallyunrealisticinasmuchasitforgoestheconcretizingdetailsthattraditionallyhavegiventheepistolarynovel(thatis,anovelcomposedofletters)itspeculiarverisimilitude:therusestoenablemailingletters,thecache,andespeciallythelettersreceivedinreturn.（130詞）秒長句：主干公式-抓謂語11抓所有動詞2去掉非謂語3去掉從句謂語謂語即唯一注意：注意：1）and；orthan2）diddone怎么辦？操練：Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthorsattributeto“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”.AstudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,aswell.Thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealcorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.TheteacherwhodiscoveredthatstudentswhowereeasytoteachbecausetheysucceededinputtingeverythingthattheylearnedintopracticehesitatedwhenconfrontedwiththevastunknownareaofEnglishvocabularyandusagewhichfelloutsidethescopeofbasictextbooksshowedaspecialinterestinlanguageacquisition.教師發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)生很容易教師能夠?qū)W以致用學(xué)生對未知詞匯猶豫教師對語言學(xué)習(xí)有興趣操練：抓主干做題。（對文本會偶爾略作改變，調(diào)整難度）Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaveappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwhywehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisthatwehavemadegreatadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.2013英二閱讀Text1）Thearticleisusedtoillustratethereasonof .theimpactoftechnologicaladvancesthealleviationofjobpressuretheshrinkageoftextilemills[C]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes三、如何學(xué)習(xí)考研語法？總論：抓謂語動詞，找主干 （45%）（1次課）主干理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(50%)（2次課）定語理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(60%)（2次課）狀語理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(70%)（2次課）名從理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(80%)（2次課）定從理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(90%)（2次課）狀從理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(95%)（2次課）特殊句理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(100%)（2次課）共計(jì)：課后作業(yè)：真題操練抓主干（注意：謂語動詞可以有兩個并列在一起）Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandryforsuchanexperiment—althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.（1999年英一閱讀）選擇題：Whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35llionyarsago,i,asyet,anunnsweedquesto.005年英一閱讀）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?Itevolvedfromanuncertainsource.Itcanbeonlyfoundinhumans.Itwasdevelopedbythecommonancestor.Itmightbefoundinotheranimals.2主干家族—五大基?{句1：主謂Industrypays.Pleasurecanvanish.（2005年英一閱讀）Tangibleisteaching.2：主謂賓Iloveyou.Herefusedtoaccepttheapology.Ilookforwardtoyourreply. Itakecareofyou.Goodmemorydependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.(2007年英一閱讀）區(qū)分成分形式主謂主謂賓?某些動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞IIliveapeacefullife.Ilivepeacefully.3:主系表Heisagoodloser.America’sindustrywasontheropes.2000年英一閱讀)Elizabethlookshandsome.1Ineverfeeloverwhelmed.2013年英二翻譯)Effortlesssuccessmaybecomeadreadfulhandicap.2001年英一閱讀）區(qū)分成分形式主謂賓主系表Itastethefish.Thefishtastesdelicious.主干4：主+謂+雙賓語（直賓；間賓）Ifoundyouadog.Iwillteachyoualesson.Thedistrictisgivingstudentsapass.2012年英二閱讀)5：主+謂+賓+補(bǔ)Ifindthegirlbeautiful. ImadeJackhappy.Thestudentsfindhomeworktobeunimportant.(2012年英二閱讀)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismashappy.(2014年英二翻譯)Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling.(2010年英一閱讀)區(qū)分成分形式主謂雙賓2主謂賓補(bǔ)IImadeyouhappy.Imadeyoucoffee.Imadeyoumyassistant.課后練習(xí)：判斷以下句型及各類成分：Weforgetthesewriters.Thesewritersareforgotten. (2011年英一閱讀)Itastetheapple.Theappletastesgood.Ifoundthebookeasily.Ifoundthebookeasy.Wegotdepressed.Bothchildrenandadultsgotpresents.Hegotherapresent.Hegothisshoesandsockswet.chairmanoftheStudents’Union.chairmanoftheStudents’Union.3考研語法長難句3翻譯技巧導(dǎo)入：（10）Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryended2010年英二閱讀)Spendingofanysortbecameunfashionable.(2010年英二閱讀)Thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcenturyplayedarole.(2006年英一閱讀)Thephrase“l(fā)essismore”waspopularizedbyaGerman.(2011年英二閱讀)1Powerfulmemorydoesn’tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid2013年英二翻譯)Hegavetheworldthefinalandpolishedwork.（2019年英語二翻譯）Thepleasureandstimulationthatpeopleofallagesfindontheirscreensandsmartphonesmustnotblindustotheharmthatspendingtimeinthiswaythatcancause.ThefindingthatthehighrateofdepressioninBritishteenagegirlsiscorrelatedtotimespentonsocialmediaisconcerning.Researchdrawnfrominterviewswithalmost11,00014-year-oldsfoundthattwoinfivegirlswereonsocialmediaforatleastthreehoursaday,withhalfasmanyboysthatwereengagedtothesameextent.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshaveovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenadjustingteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,2longerframes. (2008年英一閱讀)二、主干閱讀應(yīng)用：Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecuritiesInfactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.”(2014英二閱讀)EpleyEpleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto _underestimatetheirinsecuritiesbelieveintheirattractivenesscoveruptheirdepressionsoversimplifytheirillusions3）WashingtonwhohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWarovercamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill2008年英一閱讀)ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.(2003年英一閱讀)課后練習(xí)：判斷以下句型及各類成分：Weforgetthesewriters.Thesewritersareforgotten. 年英一閱讀)Itastetheapple.Theappletastesgood.Ifoundthebookeasily.Ifoundthebookeasy.Wegotdepressed.Bothchildrenandadultsgotpresents.Hegotherapresent.Hegothisshoesandsockswet.4chairmanoftheStudents’Union.chairmanoftheStudents’Union.歸納系動詞：54主干家族寫作應(yīng)用一、主干寫作初識（不定項(xiàng)）我愛過。Iloved.Ihaveloved.Ilovedyou.Iusedtoloveyou.他一度很難成功。Hewashardtosucceed.Hewasdifficulttosucceed.Successisnoteasytohim.Successwasnoteasytohim.武漢有一個女孩有一顆真誠的心。Wuhanhasagirl,withasincereheart.ThereisagirlinWuhanwhohasasincereheart .ThereisagirlwithasincereheartinWuhan.InWuhanexistsagirl,withasincereheart.我的翻譯寫得很好。Mytranslationwritesgood.Mytranslationwriteswell.Iwritethetranslationwell.Mytranslationiswrittenwell.期待見到你。1Ilookforwardtomeetyou.Lookforwardtomeetyou.Lookingforwardtomeetingyou.Ilookforwardtomeetingyou.我今天吃食堂。Ieatcanteentoday.Ieatincanteentoday.Ieatsomethinginthecanteentoday.Ieatinthecanteentoday.二、主干寫作應(yīng)用：20102020年增加。主謂賓：它已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了至關(guān)重要的影響。主系表：有一個年輕的美國女孩。主謂賓賓：新時代將帶給我們機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。主謂賓補(bǔ)：我們選舉他為班長。三、重點(diǎn)詞法梳理：2“三姨太”標(biāo)志詞謂語動詞形式閱讀理解：Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”oftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,thebrainisoff-lineAndoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallyussleepandfeelbetterIt’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”（2003年英一閱讀）ResearchersResearchershavecometobelievethatdreams .canbemodifiedintheircoursesaresusceptibletoemotionalchangesreflectourinnermostdesiresandfearsarearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs3練習(xí)：用動詞正確形式填空：Recently,there (be)agrowingconcernoverthetopicofthechoiceaftergraduation.Noagreement (reach)bythetwosidesinthepast.Butthetrend (continue)inthenearfuture.：英一改錯題）Allthosesoundgreatlyintheory.（1999英一改錯題）ThegirllikeChineseculture.Culturesaroundtheworldisbecomingsimilarlytoday.TheculturalcommunicationmakemoreforeignerknowChina.Chinahasopeneditsdoortotheworldin1979,morepeoplevisitChina,becomeinterestedinChineseculture.Theycommunicatemorewithpeoplebelongtoothercultures.（2002英一大作文）（確定主干基本句型并進(jìn)行主干翻譯）1.WashingtonwhohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWarofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill2008年英一閱讀)4ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell2003年英一閱讀)55語法理論—修飾集團(tuán)定語一、定語的作用二、定語的形式三姑atoughguy；arunningman；awindingroad；abrokenheartprofit-drivenbusinessmen；market-orientedeconomy六婆1.astudentmajoringinArtamanrunningontheplaygroundfromAsia2.businessmendrivenbyprofitstimespentonsocialmediabookspublishedinthe20thcentury3.theabilitytopayaproblemtobesolved4.1theappleofmyeyetheimmigrationofEuropeanpeoplesthereaderundertheageofforty5.agirlkindtomethefoodanddrinknecessarytoussomethingcrucialandessential6.n.+that/wh-...agirlwhoisbeautiful筆記區(qū)域：筆記區(qū)域：深度鞏固：themarketingofproductsforchildren（2012年英二閱讀）therevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990s（2000年英一閱讀）intimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite（2006年英一閱讀）thedramaticchangestakingplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapers 年英一閱讀）onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilprices（2002年英一閱讀）2physiciansfrustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient（2003年英一閱讀）newspaperreviewspublishedinEngland（2010英一閱讀）theinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage（2010英一閱讀）課后練習(xí)：3句話。3長難句語法6修飾集團(tuán)定語--翻譯閱讀寫作應(yīng)用一、多重定語的翻譯應(yīng)用：ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefact.(2000年英一閱讀)AlargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.(2004年英一閱讀)Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstores. (2006年英一閱讀)二、多重定語的閱讀應(yīng)用：Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Thewriterseems .optimisticsensitivegloomyscaredPeopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestoresthat“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.(2006英一閱讀)Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury .playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculturebecameintimateshopsforcommonconsumerssatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableeliteoweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption三、多重定語的寫作應(yīng)用：定語寫作初識三姑：adj/doing/done小紅花：六婆：doing.../todo.../done.../adj.../prep.../that...高中的女孩：一朵他做的花兒：一個帥氣的藝術(shù)專業(yè)的男孩送給那個在高中坐在他旁邊的善良的女孩一朵親自制作的小紅花?？佳凶魑牡诙魏诵谋磉_(dá)解釋問題的原因：thereasons （account）fortheproblem;導(dǎo)致變化的因素：thefactors (lead)tothechanges;要解決的問題：aproblem (address)教育扮演的角色：arole (play)byeducation圖片反映的現(xiàn)象：thephenomenon (mirror)bythepicture;圖片反映的現(xiàn)象背后的驅(qū)動力：課后練習(xí)：2022考研真題操練（第二段高分句型翻譯操練）這一現(xiàn)象背后的隱藏的原因是什么？首先，要考慮的最重要的因素是全面發(fā)展。其次，我們應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注教育扮演的角色。這兩個原因是圖片反映的現(xiàn)象背后的驅(qū)動力。7語法理論——修飾集團(tuán)狀語1、單詞：Sheisverybeautiful.Ireallylikeherverymuch.It’salldeliciouslyironic.(2006英一閱讀)2、短語：In2015,Ileftschool.3、句子:Yousayitbestwhenyousaynothingatall.InChengdu,Ilovedagirl.InChengduIlovedagirl.Ilovedagirl,inChengdu.IlovedagirlinChengdu.修飾區(qū)分有無名詞定語狀語區(qū)分定狀：區(qū)分定狀：WatchingOlympicWinterGames,IloveBingDwenDwen.1IteachstudentsmajoringinEnglish.ItalkedwithanEnglishmantoimproveEnglish.IfoundawaytoimproveEnglish.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.（2013英二閱讀）非謂語動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)形式時態(tài)語態(tài)doingtododonehavingdoneLiftingmyeyes,Iwatchthebrightmoon.Watchingthemoon,Iwasdrownedinhomesickness.TorevitalizeChina,Iworkhard.Despairedatthefuture,Iquit.Havingdespairedatthefuture,Istandfirmly.狀語公式：找定狀再翻譯：Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.（2003英一閱讀）2課后練習(xí)：找定狀再翻譯Declaringhisoppositiontothetechnology,heaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.（1999英一閱讀）312定語---從句理論作用二、定語從句形式that/which/as區(qū)別:thatwhichasIlovemymotherthat/whoisateacher.Ilovemymother,whoisateacher.三、定從同從區(qū)別從句形式翻譯辨別從句：1ThereasonthatIlookforistrue.ThereasonthatIloveyouistrue.ThereasonwhyIloveyouisclear.IknowthereasonwhenIlovedyou.翻譯長難句翻譯長難句Theseleadersarethelivingproofthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.(2003英一閱讀)寫作應(yīng)用：這些團(tuán)隊(duì)是活生生的證據(jù)：他們能夠解決伴隨著工作和生活自然產(chǎn)生的挑（2012寫作真題）branchofintellectualenquirythatseekstostudyhumansinthereasoned,orderly,systematicanddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.（2003英一翻譯）四、定語從句的省略That(名名法則)Thatisthewayitis.（that在哪兒？）Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.(2013英二翻譯)定從公式：2Itisdifficultfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.（2010英一閱讀）averagereader:普通讀者h(yuǎn)igh-qualityartscriticism:高質(zhì)量文學(xué)評論Theriseofacommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia.（2006英一閱讀）ideal:理想的ideology:意識形態(tài)track:跟蹤massmedia：大眾傳媒38高分寫作應(yīng)用——修飾集團(tuán)狀語一、狀語寫作初識：英譯漢并找出狀語OversleepinginspringImissedthedawn.Beingestablishedat30andbeingnolongerperplexedat40,understandingthewillofheavenat50andlisteningtoeverythingwithoutfeelingunhappyat60,amanseizesthetime.Havingseenthevastnessofanocean,onewillnevercontenthimselfwithapoolofwater.HavingviewedthecloudsovertheWuMount,onewillcallnothingelseacloud.Withthreemenwalkingtogether,oneofthemmustbequalifiedtobemyteacher.二、狀語寫作應(yīng)用：(broaden)yourhorizonsand(enrich)extracurricularexperiences,theanactivity.（小作文必備）inauniversitymajorinArt.（小作文必備）Withalltheanalyses（consider）aconclusioncanbemade.（大作文必備）1譚劍波在講課看著學(xué)生同時一只鳥在飛。thepastgainnewinsightsateacher.一只母雞仰望天空拿了張紙（1998英一寫作）1) 一個可愛的美國女孩穿著傳統(tǒng)中國服裝（2003英一寫作）2有一組農(nóng)村的人口數(shù)量劇烈地下降（2014英二寫作）（）這一現(xiàn)象背后的隱藏的原因是什么？多的人。文化。最后，興起的信息技術(shù)是另一個幕后的推動力，傳播不同文化的信息。（2003英一寫作）Sowhataretheinvisible/intangiblereasonsbehindthephenomenon?Theabove-mentionedthreefactorsarethedrivingforcebehindthephenomenonmirroredbythepicture.39語法理論——名詞性從句（上）陳述句Iloveyou.A=Iloveyoua. Aisthereason.b. IknowA.c. ThereasonisA.d. IknowthequestionA.一般疑問句A=DoIloveyou?a. Aisthereason.b. IknowA.c. ThereasonisA.d. IknowthequestionA.特殊疑問句A=WhydoIloveyou?1a. Aisthereason.b. IknowA.c. ThereasonisA.d. IknowthequestionA.總結(jié)：三大句型，四大功能。1. 主語從句:Thatwh-...1)That+步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合4.應(yīng)用Thatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhereis步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合4.應(yīng)用2）Wh-(who/what/whether)asenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorisanunansweredquestion.（2005年英一閱讀）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合24.應(yīng)用重要補(bǔ)充：形式主語: It...that/wh-...It...todo...;ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing.2003英一閱讀)步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合undertheageoffortytoimagineatime.（2010英一閱讀）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.修飾3.整合課后練習(xí)：改寫為形式主語：Thatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhereissurelyagoodthing.(2014英一閱讀)Tomeetyouisnice.310語法理論——名詞性從句（下）賓語從句:vprepbeadj.(直覺或感情)+thatwh-…1）Ithink(that)hothothotissensational.步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsshouldnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment.(1999英一閱讀)步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合1Theboyisconvincedthathecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.（2018年英二翻譯）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合表語從句:be/系動thatwh-...步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetect步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合同位語從句n抽象名thatwh-...抽象名：idea/fact/feeling/chance/possibility/phenomenon/proof/notion/claim…Itisthesurestproofthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.（1995英一閱讀）2步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合4.應(yīng)用intheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmericanautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket.（2001英一閱讀）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合notionthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangesisimportant.（2006英一閱讀）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合4.應(yīng)用名從公式：3課后練習(xí)：找出下列從句并判斷從句種類Whatwasimportanttoherwasherfamily.Hedecidedtoseewhetheritgotanybetter.Isthereanypossibilitythatyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?Whatworrieshimishowhecanfinishsodifficultajobwithinaweek.We’veagreedonwhenandwherewewillgooutforapicnic.Itisknowntousallthattheearthisround.Youcanrelyonitthathewillcometoyourhelp.Whoeverbreaksthelawshallbepunishedbythelaw.4名詞性從句——翻譯閱讀應(yīng)用判斷從句種類：Whatwasimportanttoherwasherfamily.Hedecidedtoseewhetheritgotanybetter.Isthereanypossibilitythatyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?Whatworrieshimishowhecanfinishsodifficultajobwithinaweek.We’veagreedonwhenandwherewewillgooutforapicnic.Itisknowntousallthattheearthisround.Youcanrelyonitthathewillcometoyourhelp.Whoeverbreaksthelawshallbepunishedbythelaw.名詞性從句的翻譯應(yīng)用Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumethattheyarepresidingoverisforreal.DeclaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumansheorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentandaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.(1999英一閱讀)名詞性從句的閱讀應(yīng)用Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.1Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s2010英二閱讀)Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause .theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelawstheyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualificationstheyweresupposedtoperformdomesticdutiestheytendedtoevadepublicengagement四、名詞性從句升華練習(xí)是否大學(xué)生應(yīng)該創(chuàng)業(yè)還是他們應(yīng)該求職，是個熱門問題。關(guān)注。.213定語從句--翻譯閱讀應(yīng)用(翻譯每個句子）一、定語從句的翻譯應(yīng)用Realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.（2014英二翻譯）Thereisperspectivewhichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflifeonelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.（2014英二翻譯）二、定語從句的閱讀應(yīng)用ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”whichisincludingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.（2008英一閱讀）(T/F) Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSwedenthatspendfarlessonmedicalcarehaveachievedlongerhealthierlivesthanwehave.（2003英一閱讀）1JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare .[A]moreflexibly [B]moreextravagantlymorecautiously [D]morereasonably）Thewomanwassavedfromarapistbyagayrapistwhorapedtherapist.課后練習(xí)：Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.（2008英一閱讀）Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis .itaryexperience.financialconditions.politicalstand.214狀語從句理論+應(yīng)用語從句的作用：語從句的形式：語從句的類型：類型邏輯連接詞時間地點(diǎn)原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步比較方式狀從重點(diǎn)：ifIfyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit.(1995英語一閱讀)Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.(2008英語一閱讀)1虛擬語氣總結(jié)：四、狀語從句的省略變化。doingdone withtheothertwogroups,thesatisfactionlevelisthehighest.（2012英二大作文）A.WhencomparedB.CompareC.WhilecomparingD.ComparingIf