高考英語大一輪復習 單元檢測卷29 Unit 4 Global warming 試題

Unit4GlobalwarmingⅠ.閱讀理解ATheymaybetiny,andliveforjustthreemonths,butantscouldbethekeytosolvingclimatechange.Roughharvesterantshavebeenfoundto“weather”mineralsinsandtoproducecalciumcarbonate,alsoknownaslimestone(石灰?guī)r)．Whentheantsmakethislimestone,theprocesstrapscarbondioxideintherock,ultimatelyremovingitfromtheatmosphere.Itisuncertainhowthemineralsarechanged,however,andtheoriesvaryalotfromantslickingthesandtoexcreting(排泄)thesubstance.ProfessorDornburiedsandatsixsitesintheCatalinaMountainsinArizona,andPoloDuroCanyoninTexas,25yearsago.Everyfiveyears,hemeasuredthemineralsinthesand,anddiscoveredtheantsbrokedownmineralsupto300timesfasterthansandleftundisturbed.ProfessorDornbelievestheantscollectcalciumandmagnesium(鎂)andusetheseelementstomakethelimestone.Thismayoccurwhenantslicksandgrainstostickthemtothewallsoftheirnests.Alternatively,thelimestonecouldbecreatedfrombacteriaintheinsectsgutbeforeitisexcreted.Thisprocessissimilartowhat'sknownascarbonsequestration(隔離)．NaturalcarbonsequestrationistheprocessonEarththatmanagesthecarbondioxideexpelledbyanimalsandhumans.Treesandtheoceanshelptrapthiscarbondioxide.Anothermethodisgeologicalsequestrationwherethecarbondioxideispumpedintoundergroundchamber,orintoareasfullofcalciumandmagnesium.Carbondioxidereactswiththeseelementstoformlimestone.ItisthislattermethodthatDornbelievestheantsperformnaturally.ButProfessorDornclaimsitisstillunknownhowmuchatmosphericcarbonisremovedbytheants.語篇導讀本文為說明文。多恩教授認為，螞蟻也許是應對氣候變化的關鍵因素。他通過實驗證明螞蟻能夠吸收空氣中的二氧化碳，但是具體能吸收多少至今尚未確定。1．Thefifthparagraphismainlyabout________.A．howantsbreakdownlimestoneB．howantschangemineralsintolimestoneC．howantsdecoratetheirnestswithsandD．howantsusesandtokillbacteria解析B主旨大意題。本段大意：多恩教授認為螞蟻舔沙礫把它們粘在巢穴的墻上時，可能會收集鈣和鎂制造石灰?guī)r。或者，石灰?guī)r可以從螞蟻的腸道細菌中產生，再排泄出來。這都是關于螞蟻如何制造或產生石灰?guī)r的，故選B項。2．Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“expelled”？A．Sentout. B．Takenin.C．Brokenup. D．Givenaway.解析A詞義猜測題。本句句意：地球上自然碳匯是處理動物和人類expelled的二氧化碳的過程。根據(jù)常識可知，動物和人類排放二氧化碳。sendout放出；takein吸收；breakup打碎，結束；giveaway泄露(消息、秘密等)，故選A項。3．AccordingtoDorn,scientistsstilldon'tknow________.A．theeffectofCO2onants'survivalB．themethodofants'removingCO2C．theamountofCO2removedbyantsD．thetimewhenantsabsorbCO2解析C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，多恩教授目前尚不清楚螞蟻吸收了多少大氣中的碳，故選C項。4．Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.A．antsbuildtheirneststokeepCO2outB．antsuselimestonetoabsorbagreatdealofCO2C．antsarepioneersinsolvingglobalwarmingD．antsmayremoveCO2fromatmosphere解析D主旨大意題。第一段說．..butantscouldbethekeytosolvingclimatechange，后面介紹了多恩教授的實驗，最后多恩教授稱目前尚不清楚螞蟻吸收了多少大氣中的碳。因此全文主要講螞蟻可能會吸收大氣中的二氧化碳并介紹相關實驗，故選D項。BDuringaresearchexperimentamarine(海洋)biologistplacedasharkintoalargeholdingtankandthenreleasedseveralsmallfishintothetank.5.________Themarinebiologisttheninsertedastrongpieceofclearfiberglass(纖維玻璃)intothetank,creatingtwoseparateparts.Shethenputthesharkononesideofthefiberglassandanewsetofsmallfishontheother.Again,thesharkquicklyattacked.Thistime,however,thesharkhitthefiberglassdividerandbouncedoff.6.________Meanwhile,thesmallfishswamaroundunharmedinthesecondpart.Eventually,aboutanhourintotheexperiment,thesharkgaveup.Thisexperimentwasrepeatedseveraldozentimesoverthenextfewweeks.7.________Eventuallythesharkgottiredofhittingthefiberglassdividerandsimplystoppedattackingaltogether.Themarinebiologistthenremovedthefiberglassdivider,butthesharkdidn'tattack.8.________So,theyswamwherevertheywished,freefromharm.Likethesharkinthestory,manyofus,afterexperiencingsetbacksandfailures,emotionallygiveupandstoptrying.9.________Inotherwords,wecontinuetoseeabarrierinourheads,evenwhenno“real”barrierexistsbetweenwhereweareandwherewewanttogo.A．Atthesametime,thesharktriedagainandagain.B．Webelievethatbecausewewereunsuccessfulinthepast,wewillalwaysbeunsuccessful.C．Thesharkwastrainedtobelieveabarrierexistedbetweenitandthesmallfish.D．Itkeptrepeatingthisbehavioreveryfewminutesfruitlessly.E．Weshouldkeepontryingevenifwemeetobstacles.F．Eachtime,thesharkgotlessaggressiveandmadefewerattemptstoattackthesmallfish.G．Asyouwouldexpect,thesharkquicklyswamaroundthetank,attackedandatethesmallerfish.語篇導讀本文為議論文。大魚吃小魚是自然法則，也是鯊魚的生存法則。然而，當鯊魚與小魚之間多了一塊透明纖維玻璃后，鯊魚又會做出怎樣的舉動呢？5．解析G順承關系。上句講到：在一項實驗中，海洋生物學家將鯊魚放入一個大型水槽，并在水槽中放入了幾條小魚。承接上句，空處應講到放進小魚的后果，即G項：正如你所想的，鯊魚迅速在水槽中游動，襲擊并吃掉小魚，故選G項。6．解析D順承關系。本段共分為三個部分，第一部分講到鯊魚像上次一樣進攻小魚但被纖維玻璃彈開，第三部分講到結果是鯊魚放棄了吃小魚，因此中間的一部分是承上啟下，講述鯊魚一遍遍嘗試的過程，故A、D兩項符合題意，然而A項中的atthesametime與下文中的meanwhile重復，故選D項。7．解析F遞進關系。上句講到這項實驗在接下來的幾個星期里重復了好幾十次。下句交代了實驗結果：鯊魚最終疲于撞擊纖維玻璃擋板，因此停止了攻擊行為。在此之前，實驗中所顯現(xiàn)的過程如F項：每一次實驗，鯊魚的攻擊性越來越弱，襲擊小魚的嘗試越來越少，這與最終的結果構成遞進關系，故選F項。8．解析C詮釋關系。上句講到：海洋生物學家取出了纖維玻璃擋板，但鯊魚還是沒有攻擊(小魚)?？仗巹t對鯊魚這一舉動作出解釋，即C項：鯊魚已經被訓練得去相信擋板依然存在于它和小魚之間，故選C項。9．解析B順承關系。上句講到，與故事中的鯊魚一樣，我們許多人在經歷挫折和失敗后，就總想放棄并且不再嘗試。B項(因為過去有失敗的經歷，因此我們就認為自己總是會失敗)，承接上文并與下文表達同義，故選B項。Ⅱ.完形填空Jaguar(美洲虎)isanendangeredanimal.Itissaidthattherearelessthan20intheworld__1__，oneofwhichisnowlivinginthenationalzooofPeru.Inorderto__2__thisjaguar,Peruvians__3__apitchoflandinthezooforit,wherethereareflocksofanimalsforittoeat.Anyonewhohasvisitedthezoopraisedittobethe“HeavenofTiger”.However,noonehaseverseenthejaguarhunttheanimals.__4__peoplecouldseeisitslyinginhouseeatingandsleeping.Somepeoplethoughtthejaguarfelttoolonelysotheyrentedafemaletigerto__5__it.Nonetheless,itdidnotmakemuch__6__.Thejaguarjustsometimeswentoutofitshousewithits“girlfriend”andstayedinthesunforawhile.“Itis__7__forthejaguartobelazyinthisenvironment.Tigeristhekingofforestbutyousimplyputsomesmall__8__aroundit.Thatiswhyitshowsno__9__ingoingout.Whydon'tyouputtwowolvesaroundit？”avisitorproposed.Others__10__himandputfivepanthers(黑豹)intoits__11__.Sincethen,thejaguardidn'tgobacktoitshouseanymore.Iteitherstoodontopofthehillroaringor__12__fromthehillstrollingwithoutsleepingallday,totallygotbacktoits__13__.Inourworld,__14__creaturewithoutanyrivalsislifeless.Ifamanliveswithout__15__，heisboundtobesatisfied__16__thepresentandwillnotstriveforthebetter.__17__environmenttendsto__18__successfulpeople.Therefore,yourrivalsarenotyouropponents,butyourgood__19__！Inourlives,weneedsomerivalstobeparticularaboutusandsuperviseuswith__20__requirementsandstandards.Duetoourrivals,wecanbringoutourpotentialtothebest!語篇導讀本文為夾敘夾議文，通過講述美洲虎在動物園生活的情況來告訴我們：人生應該擁有對手。1．A．accurately B．possiblyC．currently D．clearly解析C此處表示目前美洲虎在世界上現(xiàn)存不到20只。currently目前，當前，故選C項。2．A.find B．protectC．hunt D．murder解析B上文講到美洲虎現(xiàn)存不足20只，下文講到秘魯人把美洲虎飼養(yǎng)在動物園，因此此處應是為了保護它，故選B項。3．A.singledout B．lookedoutC．tookout D．cameout解析A秘魯人在動物園中單獨挑出一塊地飼養(yǎng)這只美洲虎。singleout挑選出；lookout注意；takeout拿出；comeout出版，故選A項。4．A.Which B．WhoC．When D．What解析D人們所看到的是美洲虎躺在虎穴中吃飯和睡覺。此處為主語從句，see后面缺少賓語，故用What引導主語從句。5．A.destroy B．fightC．accompany D．hug解析C上文提到一些人認為美洲虎很孤單，此處應是指他們租來一只雌虎陪伴(accompany)美洲虎，故選C項。6．A.difference B．useC．advice D．progress解析Amakemuchdifference有很大影響，產生很大作用，符合句意，故選A項。7．A.particular B．usefulC．likely D．normal解析D根據(jù)下文內容可知，此處指美洲虎在這種環(huán)境中變懶是很正常的(normal)，故選D項。8．A.animals B．sheepC．pigs D．vegetables解析A根據(jù)第一段第三句中的．..wherethereareflocksofanimalsforittoeat可知，此處應是指放入一些小動物，故選A項。9．A.interest B．difficultyC．attitude D．expression解析Ashownointerestindoingsth對做某事不感興趣，為固定搭配，故選A項。10．A.agreedon B．agreedwithC．agreedto D．didwith解析Bagreeon在某方面達成一致看法；agreewith同意某人；agreeto同意(意見、建議等)；dowith處理?？崭窈筚e語為him，故選B項。11．A.classroom B．boundaryC．territory D．courtyard解析C人們覺得他說的有道理，就把5只黑豹投進虎園。classroom教室；boundary范圍，界限；territory領地；courtyard庭院，故選C項。12．A.wentaway B．wrotedownC．putdown D．wentdown解析D此處指美洲虎從山上下來巡視。goaway離開；writedown寫下；putdown放下；godown走下來，故選D項。13．A.position B．natureC．existence D．reality解析B上文提到美洲虎不再整天睡覺，而是恢復了老虎的天性(nature)，故選B項。14．A.one B．someC．any D．none解析A句意：在我們的世界中，一種沒有任何對手的生物會變得毫無生機，故選A項。15．A.teachers B．relativesC．rivals D．lovers解析C根據(jù)上文列舉的美洲虎的例子以及本段第一句可知，此處表示“沒有對手(rivals)”，故選C項。16．A.to B．withC．across D．into解析Bbesatisfiedwith對……感到滿意，故選B項。17．A.Good B．DifficultC．Smooth D．Different解析B根據(jù)下文可知，此處指艱難的環(huán)境孕育成功者，故選B項。18．A.realize B．cultivateC．destroy D．produce解析B參見上題解析。realize實現(xiàn)；cultivate培養(yǎng)；destroy毀壞；produce生產，故選B項。19．A.schoolmates B．friendsC．colleagues D．teammates解析B空前說你的對手不是你的競爭者，結合句中but可知，空處應填與opponents相對比的事物，故選B項。20．A.obvious B．realC．strict D．familiar解析C根據(jù)語境可知，此處指我們需要對手來對我們百般挑剔，并用嚴格的(strict)要求和標準監(jiān)督我們，故選C項。Ⅲ.短文改錯InChina,whetheroldpeopleshouldbehelpedwhentheyhaveafalleq\f(seem,seems)①apuzzlingproblem,butoneexperiencehaseq\f(complete,completely)②changedmyview.Las