2022年北京延慶初一（下）期末英語試卷（教師版）

第1頁/共1頁2022北京延慶初一（下）期末英語一、單項(xiàng)填空（每題0.5分，共6分）從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1．Mydadgetsupearlyeveryday.______usuallyrunsinthepark.（）A．He B．His C．I D．My2．YuanLongping，thefatherofhybridrice，wasborn______1930.（）A．a(chǎn)t B．on C．in D．to3．﹣﹣﹣WhatdidyoudolastSunday？﹣﹣﹣I________theNationalMuseumwithmyfriends．（）A．visit B．visited C．willvisit D．a(chǎn)mvisiting4．—Tom，______Idotheprojectwithyou？—Ofcourseyoucan.（）A．need B．must C．can D．should5．Ourschool______at5：30intheafternoononweekdays.（）A．finish B．willfinish C．finishes D．finished6．Bequiet，please.Yourbrother______homework.（）A．isdoing B．do C．does D．did7．There______manycowsinthemountainsaroundourtown.（）A．is B．was C．be D．a(chǎn)re8．MysisterandIoften______ourparentsdohousework.（）A．help B．a(chǎn)rehelping C．helped D．a(chǎn)regoingtohelp9．Thegiraffesareverytall，__________theycaneatfromthetalltrees.（）A．because B．but C．or D．so10．—______wereGrandpa'sneighbourslike？—Theywerefriendly.（）A．Whose B．What C．Which D．Who11．—Tim，what'syourplanforthissummerholiday？—I______tocook.（）A．learn B．learned C．learns D．willlearn12．—______？—Theyare8yuanakilo.（）A．CanIhelpyou B．WhatcanIdoforyou C．Howmucharethepotatoes D．Howmanydoyouwant二、完形填空（每題1分，共8分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。13．（8分）ASurpriseforMotherJim，NancyandMaywenttobed.Mothersaidgoodnight，butthechildrenwerenot（1）."Now，"saidJim，"letusallthinkaboutasurpriseforMother.Whatshallwegiveherforherbirthday？""Wehaveno（2），"saidNancy."Maybewecanmakesomethingforher."Thechildrenthoughtandthought.AtlastMaysaid，"Oh，I'lltellyou."Andshebeganto（3）veryfast."Oh，oh!"saidtheotherchildren."Thatisjustthething!Motherwilllikethatbestofall."Beforelongtheywereasleep.Allthenextdaythechildrenwereverybusy（4）something.Theydidnotlettheirmotherseewhattheyweredoing."ItwillbefuntosurpriseMother，"saidNancy."Shewillnever（5）whatwearedoingforher.""Wemusttrytogetupveryearlytomorrowmorning，"saidJim."Iwishtomorrowwouldcomesoon，"saidMay.Nextmorningthechildrengotupearly.Theywereverybusymakingbreakfast.AftersometimetheycalledMother."Happybirthday!"theysaid."（6）isready，Mother."WhenMothercamedown，shewenttothebreakfasttable."Oh，whatasurprise!"she（7）.ThenMothersawthreebigcardsonthetable.Eachcardhadsomethingonit.Oneofthebigcardssaid，"Happybirthday，Mother!Iwillwatertheyardandcutthegrass."Anothercardsaid，"Happybirthday，Mother!Iwillbeyourerrandgirl."ThenMothersawthiscard，"Happybirthday，Mother!Iwillmakethebedsandtakecareofthepet."Mothersaid（8），"Thankyou，children.Thisisanicebirthdaysurprise!"（1）A.happyB.boredC.afraidD.asleep（2）A.waterB.moneyC.cardsD.candles（3）A.callB.talkC.testD.walk（4）A.makingB.cleaningC.studyingD.watching（5）A.faceB.thankC.guessD.tell（6）A.BedB.TeaC.CakeD.Breakfast（7）A.reportedB.questionedC.criedD.ordered（8）A.excitedlyB.quietlyC.angrilyD.tiredly三、閱讀理解（每題2分，共26分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。14．（6分）BeijingMuseumofNaturalHistoryYouwillknoweverythingaboutthenaturalworldandscience.Youcanstudyhundredsofplants，animalsandmore.Openhours：9：00am﹣4：00pm，Tuesday﹣Sunday.CapitalMuseumYoumustseethebeautifullydesignedmuseum.TherearefantasticChinesesculptures（雕像），paintingsfromallagesandmanyotherhistoricalthingsforyoutoenjoy.Openhours：9：00am﹣5：00pm，closedMondays.NationalArtMuseumofChinaItisanationalartmuseumwithmanyartcollections，researchandexhibitions（展覽）ofartisticworksinChina.Openhours：9：00am﹣5：00pm，closedMondays.BeijingLuXunMuseumThisisagreatplaceforbook﹣lovers.TherearephotosofLuXun，someofhishand﹣writtenbooksandmanyletters.Openhours：9：00am﹣4：00pm，Tuesday﹣Sunday.（1）Ifsomeoneisinterestedinanimals，heorshecangoto.A.CapitalMuseumB.BeijingLuXunMuseumC.NationalArtMuseumofChinaD.BeijingMuseumofNaturalHistory（2）YoucanatBeijingLuXunMuseum.A.learnaboutplantsB.enjoyartisticworksC.seephotosofLuXunD.studyChinesesculptures（3）YoucangotoCapitalMuseum.A.at9：00amonMondayB.at8：00amonTuesdayC.at10：00amonSaturdayD.at9：00pmonSunday15．（6分）PaintingtoMakeaDifferenceBriaNeffisayoungartist.Shelovespaintingandanimals.Whenshewaseightyearsold，sheenteredanartcontest（比賽）hostedbyInternationalFundforAnimalWelfare（國際愛護(hù)動物基金會）andshewon!Shewassoexcited，butshedidn'tevenknowwhat'endangeredanimals'meant.Thatnight，hermumgavehertheanswerandalsotoldherthatmanyanimalsmightdisappear（消失）.Shefeltsad，angry，andhelpless.Shetoldhermomshewasgoingtohelpthesewildanimals.Shedecidedtopainttheanimalsandsellherpaintingstohelpprotectandsavethem.Shestartedstudyingendangeredanimalsandpaintingthem.Shetookmanytripstothelibrarytostudytheanimals'lives，andshewatchedvideosaboutthemtoo.Thenshewouldcarefullythinkabouthowtopaintthem.Itoftentookherfromafewdaystoafewmonthstofinishonepainting.WhenshelearnedshecouldsellherpaintingsontheInternet，sheaskedhermumtosetupawebsite（網(wǎng)站）forher.Bria，14，haspaintedover300paintingsandsheusedherwebsitetosellthem.Sofar，shehasdonatedmorethan＄69，000.Sheisgladshecanmakeadifference."Itdoesn'tmatterhowoldyouare，"shesaid."Youcanchangetheworld.Noideaistoosmall."（1）Briafeltaftersheknewabouttheendangeredanimals.A.helpfulB.gladC.excitedD.angry（2）Briatostudytheendangeredanimals'lives.A.setupawebsiteB.wenttothelibraryC.readpaintingbooksD.playedvideogames（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage？A.Changingtheworldisimportant.B.Winningaworldcontestisimportant.C.Kidscanalsobehelpfultotheworld.D.Kidsaretooyoungtochangetheworld.16．（6分）TearsandMoreTearsSometimespeoplecrywhentheyaresad.Othertimespeoplecrytearsofjoy.Butyoureyesmaketearsallthetime，whetheryouarecryingornot.Infact，youmake15to30gallonsoftearseachyear.Doyouknowthattearshelpkeepyoureyeshealthy？Tearskeepyoureyesfromdryingout.Aspecialareaoftheeyedripsallthetime.Itkeepstheeyedamp.Ifyoulookinamirror，youcanseetinyholesinthecornersofyoureyes.Eachholeleadstoasmalltube（管）thatrunstoyournose.Tearsrunslowlyintothistubedripbydrip.Dayandnighttheholesdrain（排出）thetearsaway.Iftheydidn't，youwouldalwayslookasifyouwerecrying!Ifyoubegintocry，therearemanymoretears.Theholescan'tdrainallofthem.Theextratearsflowoutontoyourface.Tearshelpkeepyoureyessafe.Ifthereissomethingharmful（有害的）intheair，theeyesfillwithtears.Thesetearscoatyoureyes.Theykeeptheharmfulairout.Theycanalsoprotectyoureyesfrombacteria（細(xì)菌）.Tearsaren'tjustwater，theycontainsomethingcalledlysozyme，whichcankill90﹣95%ofallbacteriainfivetotenminutes.Thenexttimeyoufindyourselfcrying，don'tbeashamed（羞愧的）：it'shealthytocry!（1）Theword"damp"inParagraph2probablymeans.A.dirtyB.wetC.cleanD.dry（2）Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout.A.whytearscoatyoureyesB.whyeyesfillwithtearsC.howtearshelpkeepyoureyessafeD.howtearshelpkillthebacteriaineyes（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage？A.Oureyesmaketearsdayandnight.B.It'sshamefultofindyourselfcrying.C.Yournosecanhelpstopyoufromcrying.D.Tearsrunslowlyontoyourfacedayandnight.17．（8分）Mostofushavetoldalie（說謊）atonetimeoranother.Someliesareharmful.Othersaremostlyharmless.Butnomatterwhatkindoflieyoutell，ittakeslotsofbrainpower（腦力）topullitoff.Itmaystopyoufromdoingotherimportanttasks.Whenyoutellthetruth，yourbraindoesn'thavetodoanyextra（額外的）work.Butlyingtakesmuchmorework.Imagineyou'relatetoclass.Theteacheraskswhyandyoudecidetolie.Youmightsay："Ipickedupabookfromthelibrary."Yourteacherasks："ThebookIassigned（布置）lasttime？"Youmustdecidehowtoanswerthequestion.Ifyousayyes，theteachermightasktoseethebook.Thenyoumightsay："No.Itwasadifferentbook."Nowyouhavetothinkofabooktitle.Youneedtomakesureit'sabookthelibraryactuallyhas.See？Whenyoulie，yourbrainworksalottokeeptheliefromfallingapart.Itiseasierjusttotellthetruth："Igotuplate."Alotofthatbrainworkisdoneinaregioncalledtheprefrontalcortex.It'sthepartinchargeofworkingmemory（負(fù)責(zé)工作記憶），scientistJenniferVendemiatoldScienceNewsforStudents.Besidesworkingmemory，theprefrontalcortexalsotakescareoftaskssuchasplanning，problem﹣solvingandself﹣control.Whenyoungpeoplearebusywithlying，they'llhaveahardertimedoingotherthings，likemakingstudyplansoreatingahealthydiet.Therefore，thinktwicebeforelyingnexttime!（1）WhatcanyoulearnfromParagraph3？A.Lyingmakesyourbrainworkmore.B.Librariescanhelpstudentslieinclass.C.Thereasonwhyyouborrowedabook.D.Thedifferencesbetweenworkandlies.（2）Whatdoestheprefrontalcortexhelppeopledo？A.Makeplans.B.Dosports.C.Relaxbrains.D.Sleepquickly.（3）Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A.you'dbettermakestudyplanstostoplyingB.lyingmayhelpimprovethewayyoustudyC.you'dbettertellthetruthifyou'relatenexttimeD.eatingahealthydietcanmakeyourprefrontalcortexbigger（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.Lyingispartoflife.B.Islyingimportantinlife？C.Isitpossibletostoplying？D.Lyingishardworkforyourbrain.四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容回答問題。（每題1分，共5分）18．（5分）Afterafullweekofworkingorstudying，you'reprobablytootiredtogetupearlyonSaturdaymorning.Whenyoufinallygetup，you'vealreadymissedbreakfast，butlunchisstillafewhoursaway.So，whatdoyoudo？Well，brunchisagoodchoice（選擇）.Wheredidthisnamedmealcomefrom？Itgotitsnamefromthefirsttwolettersofbreakfast（br﹣）andthelastfourlettersoflunch（﹣unch）.EnglishwriterGuyBeringerfirstusedthiswordin1895.RichBritishpeoplewerethefirsttohavebrunch.Theylikedtogohunting.Inbetweentheirdayofhunting，theywouldstoptoenjoyamid﹣morningmealthatincludedmeat，eggsandmanyotherthings.Thistrend（趨勢）firstcametotheUSaroundthe1920s，mostlyinChicago.Attheverybeginning，peopleonlyhadthisspecialmealonSundays.Commondishesincludeeggsbenedict，pancakes，F(xiàn)renchtoastandbacon.Today，brunchisverypopular，butsomepeople，includingchefs，thinkbrunchisalmosttoopopular.Peoplesaythatbrunchistooexpensiveandtoprestaurantsalwayshavelonglines.Sosometimespeopleliketomakeabrunchmealathomewiththeirfamily.（1）Didbrunchgetitsnamefromthefirsttwolettersofbread？（2）Whowerethefirsttohavebrunch？（3）Whendidpeoplehavethisspecialmealattheverybeginning？（4）Whydosomepeopleliketomakeabrunchathome？（5）What'sthepassagemainlyabout？五、請將下面的句子翻譯成英文。（每題1分，共5分）19．（1分）努力學(xué)習(xí)是很重要的．．20．（1分）嘗試抓住關(guān)鍵詞。21．（1分）讓我們停下來休息一下。22．（1分）我擅長閱讀和寫作。23．（1分）上周日，我去了動物園。六、文段表達(dá)（10分）24．（10分）根據(jù)中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50詞的文段寫作。所給提示詞語僅供選用。請不要寫出你的校名和姓名。分享是生活的態(tài)度，分享是思想的深度，分享是最好的學(xué)習(xí)。某英文網(wǎng)站正在開展以"SharingExperience"為主題的征文活動。假如你是李華，請用英語寫一篇短文投稿，談?wù)勀闵钪械碾y忘經(jīng)歷，在這段經(jīng)歷中你做了什么，有什么收獲。提示詞語：speak，slowly，use，simplewords，improve提示問題：●Whatdidyoudo？●Whatdidyoulearn？______

參考答案一、單項(xiàng)填空（每題0.5分，共6分）從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1．【分析】我爸爸每天起床很早。他通常在公園里跑步?！窘獯稹縃e他，主格代詞；His他的，形容詞性物主代詞；I我，主格代詞；My我的，形容詞性物主代詞。根據(jù)前句"我爸爸每天起床很早。"可知，應(yīng)是他通常在公園里跑步。故選：A。2．【分析】袁隆平，雜交水稻之父，出生于1930年?！窘獯稹縜t在幾點(diǎn)；on在具體的某一天；in在某年、月、季節(jié)；to向；根據(jù)句中的1930年，可知在年份的前面用介詞in。故選：C。3．【分析】﹣﹣上星期天你做了什么？﹣﹣我和朋友們參觀了國家博物館．【解答】根據(jù)lastSunday這里是詢問過去事情，故用一般過去時，問句是問過去做什么事情，所以回答應(yīng)用一般過去時態(tài)．visit的過去式為visited，故選：B．4．【分析】﹣湯姆，我可以和你一起做這個項(xiàng)目嗎？﹣當(dāng)然可以?！窘獯稹縩eed"需要"；must"必須"；can"能"；should"應(yīng)該"。根據(jù)"Ofcourseyoucan.（當(dāng)然可以。）可知問句為"湯姆，我可以和你一起做這個項(xiàng)目嗎？"。故選：C。5．【分析】我們學(xué)校在工作日的下午五點(diǎn)半就放學(xué)了?！窘獯稹縡inish是動詞原形，是一般現(xiàn)在時；willfinish是一般將來時；finishes是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，是一般現(xiàn)在時；finished是一般過去時。根據(jù)句意和時間狀語從句可知，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Ourschool是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選：C。6．【分析】請安靜。你哥哥正在做作業(yè)?！窘獯稹扛鶕?jù)"Bequiet，please.""請安靜"，可知動詞do的動作正在進(jìn)行，故句子時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為"am/is/are+doing"，主語Yourbrother是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以be用is。故選：A。7．【分析】我們鎮(zhèn)周圍的山上有許多牛?！窘獯稹縞ows為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故therebe"有"中的be用"are"。故選：D。8．【分析】我姐姐和我經(jīng)常幫父母做家務(wù)?！窘獯稹縣elp是動詞原形，是一般現(xiàn)在時；arehelping是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；helped是一般過去時；aregoingtohelp是一般將來時。根據(jù)句意和often可知，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語MysisterandI是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用動詞原形。故選：A。9．【分析】長頸鹿很高，所以它們可以從高大的樹上吃東西?！窘獯稹縝ecause因?yàn)?；but但是；or或者；so所以。根據(jù)"長頸鹿很高，它們可以從高大的樹上吃東西。"可知，應(yīng)該是"所以"，填so。故選：D。10．【分析】﹣﹣爺爺?shù)泥従有愿裨趺礃樱咯仼佀麄兒苡押??！窘獯稹縲hose誰的；what什么；which哪一個；who誰。本題考查固定句型whatissb.like？（某人人品或性格怎么樣）。故選：B。11．【分析】—蒂姆，這個暑假你有什么打算？—我將學(xué)做飯?！窘獯稹扛鶕?jù)時間狀語thissummerholiday"這個暑假"可知，答語句意為：我將學(xué)做飯，故句子時態(tài)要用一般將來時，用"willdo/begoingtodo"結(jié)構(gòu)，只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。故選：D。12．【分析】﹣﹣﹣土豆多少錢？﹣﹣﹣他們八塊錢一公斤。【解答】結(jié)合下文可知詢問的是價格，故用howmuch。故選C。二、完形填空（每題1分，共8分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。13．【分析】這篇文章主要講了三個孩子給媽媽準(zhǔn)備生日驚喜，但是他們沒有錢，所以他們自己動手做了賀卡給媽媽，媽媽收到之后很高興?！窘獯稹浚?）形容詞辨析。A.高興的；B.無聊的；C.害怕的；D.睡著的。根據(jù)Mothersaidgoodnight，butthechildrenwerenot（1）.（母親道了晚安，但孩子們還沒有睡著。）可知，此處是指睡著的。故選D。（2）名詞辨析。A.水；B.錢；C.卡片；D.蠟燭。根據(jù)后文Maybewecanmakesomethingforher.（也許我們可以為她做點(diǎn)什么）可知，此處是指沒錢買禮物。故選B。（3）動詞辨析。A.打電話；B.說話；C.試驗(yàn)；D.步行。根據(jù)Andshebeganto（3）veryfast.（她開始說得很快。）結(jié)合語境可知，此處是指說得很快。故選B。（4）動詞辨析。A.制作；B.清潔；C.學(xué)習(xí)；D.觀看。根據(jù)Allthenextdaythechildrenwereverybusy（4）something.（第二天，孩子們都在忙著做東西。）結(jié)合上文可知，此處是指做東西。故選A。（5）動詞辨析。A.面對；B.感謝；C.猜測；D.告訴。根據(jù)Shewillnever（5）whatwearedoingforher.（她永遠(yuǎn)也猜不到我們在為她做什么。）結(jié)合語境可知，此處是指猜不到。故選C。（6）名詞辨析。A.床；B.茶；C.蛋糕；D.早餐。根據(jù)上文Theywereverybusymakingbreakfast.（他們正忙著做早餐。）可知，此處是指早餐好了。故選D。（7）動詞辨析。A.報告；B.提問；C.哭；D.命令。根據(jù)后文ThenMothersawthreebigcardsonthetable.Eachcardhadsomethingonit.（然后媽媽看到桌子上有三張大卡片。每張卡片上都有一些東西。）可知，此處是指媽媽感動得哭了。故選C。（8）副詞辨析。A.激動地；B.平靜地；C.生氣地；D.疲憊地。根據(jù)Thankyou，children.Thisisanicebirthdaysurpris!（謝謝你們，孩子們。這是一個不錯的生日驚喜?。┛芍?，媽媽應(yīng)是激動的。故選A。三、閱讀理解（每題2分，共26分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。14．【分析】本文主要講述了4個博物館布置的內(nèi)容，開放時間，館內(nèi)規(guī)則及相關(guān)內(nèi)容?！窘獯稹浚?）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個方框Youcanstudyhundredsofplants，animalsandmore.（你可以研究數(shù)百種植物、動物、巖石等等。）可知如果有人對野生動物感興趣，他或她可以去北京自然歷史博物館。故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thisisagreatplaceforbook﹣lovers.TherearephotosofLuXun，someofhishand﹣writtenbooksandmanyletters.（這對愛讀書的人來說是個好地方。有魯迅的照片，一些他的手書和許多信件。）可知，在北京魯迅博物館，你可以見到魯迅的照片。故選C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Openhours：9：00am﹣5：00pm，closedMondays.（開放時間：上午9時至下午5時，周一休息。）可知，選項(xiàng)C的時間符合要求。故選C。15．【分析】文章主要講述了BriaNeff的故事。她通過自己的努力幫助瀕危物種，并且最后向我們提出：你可以改變世界的號召?！窘獯稹考?xì)節(jié)理解題。（1）根據(jù)butshedidn'tevenknowwhat'endangeredanimals'meant.Thatnight，hermumgavehertheanswerandalsotoldherthatmanyanimalsmightdisappear（消失）.Shefeltsad，angry，andhelpless.（，但她甚至不知道"瀕危動物"是什么意思。那天晚上，她的媽媽給了她答案，還告訴她許多動物可能會消失。她感到悲傷、憤怒和無助。）可知，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選D。（2）根據(jù)Shetookmanytripstothelibrarytostudytheanimals'lives，andshewatchedvideosaboutthemtoo.（她多次去圖書館研究動物的生活，還看了關(guān)于它們的視頻。）可知，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選B。（3）根據(jù)Itdoesn'tmatterhowoldyouare.（你的年齡并不重要。）Youcanchangetheworld.Noideaistoosmall.（你可以改變世界。沒有想法是太小的。）可知，孩子們也可以對這個世界有所幫助。故選C。16．【分析】短文講了眼淚可以保護(hù)人們眼睛的健康，詳細(xì)的介紹了眼淚流出的方式，如何保護(hù)眼睛等。【解答】（1）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Tearskeepyoureyesfromdryingout.Aspecialareaoftheeyedripsallthetime.（眼淚讓你的眼睛不會干涸。眼睛的一個特殊區(qū)域一直在滴液。）可推知，該句句意是：它能保持眼睛濕潤。所以damp是"濕潤"的意思。故選B。（2）段落大意題。根據(jù)Tearshelpkeepyoureyessafe.（眼淚有助于保護(hù)你的眼睛。）結(jié)合后文可知，第三段主要講述了眼淚有助于保護(hù)眼睛。故選C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Butyoureyesmaketearsallthetime，whetheryouarecryingornot.（但是你的眼睛一直在流淚，不管你是不是在哭。）可知，我們的眼睛日夜流淚。故選A。17．【分析】文章主要介紹了撒謊對于大腦來說是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作?！窘獯稹浚?）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whenyoutellthetruth，yourbraindoesn'thavetodoanyextra（額外的）work.Butlyingtakesmuchmorework.（當(dāng)你說真話的時候，你的大腦不需要做任何額外的工作。但是撒謊需要更多的努力。）結(jié)合第三段可知，第三段主要說明了撒謊讓大腦工作得更多。故選A。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Besidesworkingmemory，theprefrontalcortexalsotakescareoftaskssuchasplanning，problem﹣solvingandself﹣control.（除了工作記憶，前額葉皮層還負(fù)責(zé)計(jì)劃、解決問題和自我控制等任務(wù)。）可知，可以幫助人們制定計(jì)劃。故選A。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)Therefore，thinktwicebeforelyingnexttime!（所以，下次撒謊要三思而后行?。┛芍绻阆麓芜t到，你最好說實(shí)話。故選C。（4）文章標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了撒謊對于大腦來說是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作。故選D。四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容回答問題。（每題1分，共5分）18．【分析】文章主要介紹了早午餐，以及早午餐受年輕人喜歡的原因?！窘獯稹浚?）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Itgotitsnamefromthefirsttwolettersofbreakfast（br﹣）andthelastfourlettersoflunch（﹣unch）.EnglishwriterGuyBeringerfirstusedthiswordin1895.（它的名字來源于早餐的前兩個字母（br﹣）和午餐的后四個字母（﹣unch）。）可知，題干敘述"早午餐的名字是由面包的前兩個字母得來的嗎？"錯誤。故答案為No，itdidn't.（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EnglishwriterGuyBeringerfirstusedthiswordin1895.（英國作家蓋?貝林格在1895年首次使用了這個詞。）故答案為EnglishwriterGuyBeringer.（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whenyoufinallygetup，you'vealreadymissedbreakfast，butlunchisstillafewhoursaway.So，whatdoyoudo？Well，brunchisagoodchoice（選擇）.（當(dāng)你終于起床時，你已經(jīng)錯過了早餐，但午餐還有幾個小時。那么，你會怎么做呢？嗯，早午餐是個不錯的選擇。）可知，早午餐在早餐和午餐之間。故答案為Itisbetweenbreakfastandlunch.（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Peoplesaythatbrunchistooexpensiveandtoprestaurantsalwayshavelonglines.Sosometimespeopleliketomakeabrunchmealathomewiththeirfamily.（人們說早午餐太貴了，頂級餐廳總是排著長隊(duì)。所以有時候人們喜歡在家和家人一起做早午餐。）可知，有些人喜歡在家做早午餐是因?yàn)樵缥绮吞F了，而且頂級餐廳總是要排很長的隊(duì)。故答案為Becauserunchistooexpensiveandtoprestaurantsalwayshavelonglines.（5）主旨大意題。根據(jù)Afterafullweekofworkingorstudying，you'reprobablytootiredtogetupearlyonSaturdaymorning.Whenyoufinallygetup，you'vealreadymissedbreakfast，butlunchisstillafewhoursaway.So，whatdoyoudo？Well，brunchisagoodchoice（選擇）.（經(jīng)過一周的工作或?qū)W習(xí)，你可能太累了，不想在周六早上早起。當(dāng)你終于起床時，你已經(jīng)錯過了早餐，但午餐還有幾個小時。那么，你會怎么做呢？嗯，早午餐是個不錯的選擇。）可知，文章主要講述了早午餐。故答案為Brunch.五、請將下面的句子翻譯成英文。（每題1分，共5分）19．（1分）努力學(xué)習(xí)是很重要的．It'sveryimportanttostudyhard．．【分析】It'sveryimportantto