2023年亞太地區(qū)主要指標(biāo)經(jīng)濟(jì)第五版（英）

KEY

INDICATORS

FOR

ASIA

AND

THE

PACIFIC202354TH

EDITIONAUGUST

2023ASIAN

DEVELOPMENT

BANKKEY

INDICATORS

FOR

ASIA

AND

THE

PACIFIC202354TH

EDITIONASIAN

DEVELOPMENT

BANK?Creative

Commons

Attribution

3.0

IGO

license

(CC

BY

3.0

IGO)?

2023

Asian

Development

Bank6

ADB

Avenue,

Mandaluyong

City,

1550

Metro

Manila,

Philippines

Tel

+63

2

8632

4444;

Fax

+63

2

8636

2444www.adb.orgSome

rights

reserved.

Published

in

2023.ISBN

978-92-9270-283-0

(print);

978-92-9270-284-7

(electronic);

978-92-9270-285-4

(ebook)

ISSN

0116-3000Publication

Stock

No.

FLS230311-3DOI:

/10.22617/FLS230311-3The

views

expressed

in

this

publication

are

those

of

the

authors

and

do

not

necessarily

reflect

the

views

and

policies

of

the

Asian

Development

Bank

(ADB)

or

its

Board

of

Governors

or

the

governments

they

represent.ADB

does

not

guarantee

the

accuracy

of

the

data

included

in

this

publication

and

accepts

no

responsibility

for

any

consequence

of

their

use.

The

mention

of

specific

companies

or

products

of

manufacturers

does

not

imply

that

they

are

endorsed

or

recommended

by

ADB

in

preference

to

others

of

a

similar

nature

that

are

not

mentioned.By

making

any

designation

of

or

reference

to

a

particular

territory

or

geographic

area,

or

by

using

the

term

“country”

in

this

publication,

ADB

does

not

intend

to

make

any

judgments

as

to

the

legal

or

other

status

of

any

territory

or

area.This

publication

is

available

under

the

Creative

Commons

Attribution

3.0

IGO

license

(CC

BY

3.0

IGO)

/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.

By

using

the

content

of

this

publication,

you

agree

to

be

bound

by

the

terms

of

this

license.

For

attribution,

translations,

adaptations,

and

permissions,

please

read

the

provisions

and

terms

of

use

at

/terms-use#openaccess.This

CC

license

does

not

apply

to

non-ADB

copyright

materials

in

this

publication.

If

the

material

is

attributedto

another

source,

please

contact

the

copyright

owner

or

publisher

of

that

source

for

permission

to

reproduce

it.

ADB

cannot

be

held

liable

for

any

claims

that

arise

as

a

result

of

your

use

of

the

material.Please

contact

pubsmarketing@

if

you

have

questions

or

comments

with

respect

to

content,

or

if

you

wish

to

obtain

copyright

permission

for

your

intended

use

that

does

not

fall

within

these

terms,

or

for

permission

to

use

the

ADB

logo.Corrigenda

to

ADB

publications

may

be

found

at

/publications/corrigenda.Notes:In

this

publication,

“$”

refers

to

United

States

dollars.ADB

recognizes

“Korea”

as

the

Republic

of

Korea

and

“Hanoi”

as

Ha

Noi.

Photos:

All

photos

by

the

Asian

Development

Bank

unless

otherwise

indicated.Cover

design

by

Mike

Cortes.iiiContentsForeword

xi

Acknowledgments

xii

Statistical

Partners

xiv

Guide

for

Usersxx

Fiscal

Year

xxiv

Key

Symbols

xxv

Units

of

Measurement

xxv

Abbreviations

xxvi

HighlightsxxviiiIntroduction

3PART

I:

Sustainable

Development

Goals

Trends

and

TablesPursuing

Sustainable

Development

by

Managing

the

Cost

of

Living

in

Poverty

9

Why

Is

Sustainable

Development

Goal

1

Important

and

How

Is

Developing

Asia

Faring?

11

How

Expensive

Is

It

to

Be

Poor?

17

Assessing

the

Impacts

of

Inflation

on

Poverty

under

Varying

Scenarios

26

Navigating

Other

Development

Challenges

Faced

by

the

Poor

31

Scaling

Up

Solutions

to

Boost

Agricultural

Development32

Implementing

Urban

Development

Strategies

to

Reduce

Poverty

38

Advancing

Innovation

to

Create

New

Opportunities

for

the

Poor

43

References

48

Data

Gaps

and

Other

Data-Related

Issues

102FiguresFigure

1.1: Improvement

in

Living

Conditions

of

Asians

Over

Time

9Figure

1.2:

Pre-Pandemic

Trends

of

Prevalence

of

Poverty

and

the

Poverty

Gap

in

Developing

Asia

13

Figure

1.3: Evolution

of

Thresholds

for

Extreme

Poverty

Measurement

13Figure

1.4:

Prevalence

of

Extreme

Poverty

and

Comparison

of

Economy-Level

Estimates,2011

and

2017

PPP

14Figure

1.5: Prevalence

and

Intensity

of

Multidimensional

Poverty

in

Asia

and

the

Pacific

15Figure

1.6:

Relative

Changes

in

Household

Consumption

or

Income

Per

Capita

and

Proportionof

People

Living

in

Poverty

Based

on

National

Definitions

15Figure

1.7: Income

Groupings

in

Developing

Asia

by

2030

17Figure

1.8:

Comparison

of

Prices

Paid

by

the

General

Population

and

the

Poor

19

Figure

1.9: Share

of

Expenditure

on

Food

to

Total

Consumption

and

Increase

in

Cost

of

a

Healthy

Diet

26Figure

1.10:

Simulated

Increase

in

Poverty

Gap

in

Developing

Asia

under

Varying

Scenariosof

Food

Price

Increases27

Figure

1.11:

Share

of

Expenditure

on

Energy

to

Total

Consumption

28

Figure

1.12:

Inflation

Experienced

by

Low-Income

People

versus

the

General

Population29

Figure

1.13:

Proportion

of

Population

Covered

by

at

Least

One

Social

Protection

Benefit,

2020

30

Figure

1.14:

Interconnected

Impacts

of

Development

Challenges

32

Figure

1.15:

Rural

Population

in

Developing

Asia

and

the

World,

1970–2020

33ivKey

Indicators

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

2023Figure

1.16:

Proportion

of

Rural

Population

with

Access

to

Safely

Managed

Drinking

Waterand

Sanitation

Services

34

Figure

1.17:

Agriculture

Orientation

Index

in

Selected

Economies

of

Developing

Asia

35

Figure

1.18:

Forest

Cover

by

Subregion

of

Developing

Asia

37

Figure

1.19:

Quality

of

Roads

in

Selected

Economies

of

Developing

Asia

37

Figure

1.20:

Urban

Population

in

Asia

and

the

Pacific,

1970–2050

38

Figure

1.21:

Municipal

Solid

Waste

Collection

in

Select

Areas

of

Asia

and

the

Pacific,

201539

Figure

1.22:

Concentrations

of

Fine

Particulate

Matter

in

Urban

Areas

of

Developing

Asia,

2019

40

Figure

1.23:

Comparison

of

Urban

and

Rural

Populations

of

Asia

and

the

Pacific,

1970–2050

41

Figure

1.24:

Urban

Population

Living

in

Slums,

Informal

Settlements,

or

Inadequate

Housing;World

and

Developing

Asia

42

Figure

1.25:

Proportion

of

Individuals

using

the

Internet

in

Developing

Asia

45

Figure

1.26:

Effect

of

Financial

Access

on

the

Incidence

of

Moderate

Poverty

and

Women’s

Empowerment

46

Figure

1.27:

Proportion

of

Adults

(15

Years

and

Older)

with

an

Account

at

a

Bank

or

Other

FinancialInstitution

or

with

a

Mobile-Money

Service

Provider

by

Subregion

of

Developing

Asia

47TableTable

1.1: Simulated

Distribution

of

Income

within

Economies

of

Developing

Asia

in

2022

29BoxBox

1.1: Examples

of

Poverty

Premium

and

Penalty

19Sustainable

Development

Goals

TablesTable

1.1.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

1—No

Poverty

57

Table

1.1.2:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

1—Social

Protectionand

Official

Development

Assistance

59

Table

1.2.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

2—Zero

Hunger

61

Table

1.2.2:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

2—ImprovedAgricultural

Investment62

Table

1.3.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

3—Maternal

and

Child

Health63

Table

1.3.2:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

3—Incidence

ofCommunicable

Diseases

64Table

1.3.3:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

3—Mortality

Rates,Reproductive

Health

65Table

1.3.4:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

3—Health

Workforceand

National

and

Global

Health

Risks

67Table

1.4.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

4—Proficiency

in

Readingand

Mathematics

68

Table

1.4.2:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

4—Education

Completion

69

Table

1.4.3:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

4—Early

Childhood

Education72

Table

1.4.4:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

4—Teacher

Training

and

Supply73

Table

1.5.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

5—Early

Marriage

and

Womenin

Leadership

74Key

Indicators

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

2023Table

1.6.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

6—Clean

Water

and

Sanitation

75

Table

1.7.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

7—Affordable

and

Clean

Energy

78

Table

1.8.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

8—Decent

Workand

Economic

Growth

79

Table

1.8.2:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

8—Unemployment

80

Table

1.8.3:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

8—Youth

Participationin

Education

and

Work,

Child

Labor

83

Table

1.8.4:

Access

to

Banking,

Insurance

and

Financial

Services,

and

Trade

84

Table

1.9.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

9—Air

Transport,

Passengerand

Freight

Volume86

Table

1.9.2:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

9—Growth

in

Manufacturing87

Table

1.9.3:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

9—Carbon

Dioxide

Emissions88

Table

1.9.4:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

9—Research

and

Development89

Table

1.9.5:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

9—Official

InternationalSupport

and

Industry

Value-Added90

Table

1.9.6:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

9—Coverage

by

Mobile

Networks

91

Table

1.10.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

10—Household

Expenditureor

Income

Growth92Table

1.11.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

11—Sustainable

Citiesand

Environment

93Table

1.12.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

12—Responsible

Consumptionand

Production94Table

1.13.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

13—Impact

of

Disasters

and

RiskReduction

Strategies

95

Table

1.14.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

14—Life

Below

Water96

Table

1.15.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

15—Protection

of

Ecosystemsand

Biodiversity

97Table

1.16.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

16—Peace,

Justice,

and

StrongInstitutions

99Table

1.17.1:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

17—Financial

Sustainabilityof

Developing

Economies100Table

1.17.2:

Selected

Indicators

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

17—Statistical

Capacity

Building

101PART

II:

Regional

Trends

and

TablesRegional

Trends

and

Tables

107

Navigating

Inflationary

Pressures

and

Economic

Uncertainties

108

References

120FiguresFigure

2.1: Global

Energy

Prices

and

Inflation

Rates

for

the

World

and

Developing

Asia

111Figure

2.2: Food

and

Food-related

Commodities

Imports

from

the

Russian

Federation

and

Ukraineand

Growth

Rate

of

CPI

of

Food

and

Nonalcoholic

beverages

112Figure

2.3: Consumer

Price

Inflation

by

Group,

2022

114vviKey

Indicators

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

2023Figure

2.4: Growth

of

Money

Supply,

2020–2022

115Figure

2.5: Number

of

Central

Banks

That

Increased

or

Decreased

Interest

Rates

116Figure

2.6: Developing

Asia’s

Economic

Growth

116Figure

2.7: Percent

increase

in

Local

Currency

Units

per

US$

and

Stock

Market

Price

Index,

2021-2022117Figure

2.8: External

Debt

of

Asia

and

the

Pacific

118Figure

2.9: Nonperforming

Loans

(%

of

Total

Gross

Loans),

2019–2022

119BoxBox

2.1: COVID-19

Stringency

and

Economic

Recovery:

Asia

and

the

Pacific

Experience

109PeopleTable

2.1.1:

Midyear

Population

122

Table

2.1.2:

Migration

and

Urbanization

123

Table

2.1.3:

Proportion

of

Total

Population

by

Age

Bracket,

and

Age

Dependency

Ratio

124

Table

2.1.4:

Labor

Force

Participation

Rates

(%)

126

Table

2.1.5:

Employment

in

Agriculture,

Industry,

and

Services

(%

of

total

employment)

127

Table

2.1.6:

Poverty

and

Inequality

130

Table

2.1.7:

Human

Development

Index

131

Table

2.1.8:

Life

Expectancy

at

Birth

(years)

132

Table

2.1.9:

Births,

Deaths,

and

Fertility

Rates

133

Table

2.1.10:

Adult

(15

Years

and

Older)

Literacy

Rate

(%)

134

Table

2.1.11:

Years

of

Schooling

135

Table

2.1.12:

Education

Resources

137

Table

2.1.13:

Health

Care

Resources

(per

1,000

population)

138

Table

2.1.14:

Adults

Aged

15

Years

and

Older

Living

with

HIV

(‘000)

139Economy

and

OutputTable

2.2.1:

Gross

Domestic

Product

at

Purchasing

Power

Parity

(current

international

dollars,

million)

141

Table

2.2.2:

Gross

Domestic

Product

(current

$

million)

142

Table

2.2.3:

Gross

Domestic

Product

per

Capita

at

Purchasing

Power

Parity(current

international

dollars)

143

Table

2.2.4:

Gross

National

Income

per

Capita,

Atlas

Method

(current

$)

144

Table

2.2.5:

Gross

Domestic

Product

per

Capita

(current

$)

145

Table

2.2.6:

Agriculture,

Industry,

and

Services

Value-Added

(%

of

GDP)

146

Table

2.2.7:

Household

and

Government

Consumption

Expenditure

(%

of

GDP)

147

Table

2.2.8:

Gross

Capital

Formation

and

Changes

in

Inventories

(%

of

GDP)

148

Table

2.2.9:

Exports

and

Imports

of

Goods

and

Services

(%

of

GDP)

149

Table

2.2.10:

Gross

Domestic

Saving

(%

of

GDP)

150

Table

2.2.11:

Growth

Rates

of

Real

Gross

Domestic

Product

(%)

151

Table

2.2.12:

Growth

Rates

of

Real

Gross

Domestic

Product

per

Capita

(%)

152

Table

2.2.13:

Growth

Rates

of

Agriculture

Real

Value-Added

(%)

153

Table

2.2.14:

Growth

Rates

of

Industry

Real

Value-Added

(%)

154

Table

2.2.15:

Growth

Rates

of

Services

Real

Value-Added

(%)

155

Table

2.2.16:

Growth

Rates

of

Real

Household

Final

Consumption

(%)

156Key

Indicators

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

2023Table

2.2.17:

Growth

Rates

of

Real

Government

Consumption

Expenditure

(%)

157

Table

2.2.18:

Growth

Rates

of

Real

Gross

Capital

Formation

(%)158

Table

2.2.19:

Growth

Rates

of

Real

Exports

of

Goods

and

Services

(%)159

Table

2.2.20:

Growth

Rates

of

Real

Imports

of

Goods

and

Services

(%)160

Table

2.2.21:

Growth

Rates

of

Agriculture

Production

Index

(%)161

Table

2.2.22:

Growth

Rates

of

Manufacturing

Production

Index

(%)

162Money,

Finance,

and

PricesTable

2.3.1:

Growth

Rates

of

Consumer

Price

Index

(%)164

Table

2.3.2:

Growth

Rates

of

Food

and

Nonalcoholic

Beverages

Consumer

Price

Index

(%)165

Table

2.3.3:

Growth

Rates

of

Wholesale

and/or

Producer

Price

Indexes

(%)

166

Table

2.3.4:

Growth

Rates

of

Gross

Domestic

Product

Deflator

(%)167

Table

2.3.5:

Growth

Rates

of

Money

Supply

(%)

168

Table

2.3.6:

Money

Supply

(%

of

GDP)169

Table

2.3.7:

Interest

Rates

on

Savings

and

Time

Deposits

(%

per

annum,

period

averages)170

Table

2.3.8:

Yield

on

Short-Term

Treasury

Bills

and

Lending

Interest

Rates(%

per

annum,

period

averages)171

Table

2.3.9:

Domestic

Credit

Provided

by

Banking

Sector,

and

Bank

Nonperforming

Loans172

Table

2.3.10:

Growth

Rates

of

Stock

Market

Price

Index

(%)

173

Table

2.3.11:

Stock

Market

Capitalization174

Table

2.3.12:

Official

Exchange

Rates

(local

currency

units

per

$,

period

averages)175

Table

2.3.13:

Purchasing

Power

Parity

Conversion

Factor

(local

currency

units

per

$,

period

averages)176

Table

2.3.14:

Price

Level

Indexes

(PPPs

to

official

exchange

rates,

period

averages,

United

States

=

100)

177GlobalizationTable

2.4.1:

Trade

in

Goods

Balance

(%

of

GDP)

179

Table

2.4.2:

Trade

in

Services

Balance

(%

of

GDP)

180

Table

2.4.3:

Current

Account

Balance

(%

of

GDP)

181

Table

2.4.4:

Total

Remittances,

Inflows—Dollar

Amounts

($

million)

182

Table

2.4.5:

Total

Remittances,

Inflows—Proportion

of

Economic

Activity

(%

of

GDP)

183

Table

2.4.6:

Foreign

Direct

Investment,

Net

Inflows—Dollar

Amounts

($

million)

184

Table

2.4.7:

Foreign

Direct

Investment,

Net

Inflows—Proportion

of

Economic

Activity

(%

of

GDP)

185

Table

2.4.8:

Merchandise

Exports

($

million)

186

Table

2.4.9:

Growth

Rates

of

Merchandise

Exports

(%)

187

Table

2.4.10:

Merchandise

Imports

($

million)

188

Table

2.4.11:

Growth

Rates

of

Merchandise

Imports

(%)

189

Table

2.4.12:

Trade

in

Goods

(%

of

GDP)

190

Table

2.4.13:

Direction

of

Trade:

Merchandise

Exports

(%

of

total

merchandise

exports)

191

Table

2.4.14:

Direction

of

Trade:

Merchandise

Imports

(%

of

total

merchandise

imports)

192

Table

2.4.15:

International

Reserves

and

Ratio

to

Imports

193

Table

2.4.16:

Net

Official

Development

Assistance

from

All

Sources

to

Developing

Economies($

million)

194

Table

2.4.17:

Net

Other

Official

Flows

from

All

Sources

to

Developing

Economies

($

million)

195

Table

2.4.18:

Net

Private

Flows

from

All

Sources

to

Developing

Economies

($

million)

196viiviiiKey

Indicators

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

2023Table

2.4.19:

Aggregate

Net

Resource

Flows

from

All

Sources

to

Developing

Economies

($

million)

197

Table

2.4.20:

Total

External

Debt

of

Developing

Economies—Dollar

Amounts

($

million)

198

Table

2.4.21:

Total

External

Debt

of

Developing

ADB

Member

Economies—Proportion

of

Income(%

of

GNI)

199Table

2.4.22:

Total

External

Debt

of

Developing

ADB

Member

Economies—Proportion

of

Exports(%

of

exports

of

goods,

services,

and

primary

income)

200

Table

2.4.23:

Total

Debt

Service

Paid

by

Developing

ADB

Member

Economies

201

Table

2.4.24:

International

Tourist

Arrivals

(‘000)

202

Table

2.4.25:

International

Tourism

Receipts

($

million)

203Transport

and

CommunicationTable

2.5.1:

Road

Indicators—Total

Network,

Passenger

Kilometers

Travel,

Freight

Kilometers

Travel

205

Table

2.5.2:

Road

Indicators—Registered

Vehicles

206

Table

2.5.3:

Road

Indicators—Safety

207

Table

2.5.4:

Rail

Indicators—Total

Route,

Length

per

Land

Area

208

Table

2.5.5:

Railways—Passengers

Carried

and

Goods

Transported

209

Table

2.5.6:

Air

Transport

210

Table

2.5.7:

Logistics

211

Table

2.5.8:

Access

to

Fixed

Telephones,

Mobile

Phones,

and

Internet—Total

Subscriptions

(‘000)

212

Table

2.5.9:

Access

to

Fixed

Telephones,

Mobile

Phones,

and

Internet—Subscriptions

per

100

People

213Energy

and

ElectricityTable

2.6.1:

Electricity

Production

and

Sources

215

Table

2.6.2:

Electric

Power

Consumption

(kWh

per

capita)

216

Table

2.6.3:

Use

of

Energy

217

Table

2.6.4:

Energy

Production

and

Imports

218

Table

2.6.5:

Retail

Prices

of

Fuel

Energy

($/L)

219EnvironmentTable

2.7.1:

Agriculture

Land

Use

(%

of

total

land

area)

221

Table

2.7.2:

Deforestation

and

Pollution

222

Table

2.7.3:

Freshwater

Resources

224Government

and

GovernanceTable

2.8.1:

Government

Net

Lending/Net

Borrowing

(%

of

GDP)226

Table

2.8.2:

Government

Taxes

(%

of

GDP)227

Table

2.8.3:

Government

Revenue

(%

of

GDP)

228

Table

2.8.4:

Government

Expenditure

(%

of

GDP)

229

Table

2.8.5:

Government

Expenditure

by

Economic

Activity

(%

of

GDP)230

Table

2.8.6:

Corruption

Perceptions

Index231Key

Indicators

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

2023PART

III:

Dollar

Price

Wedge

between

Nominal

and

Real

Global

Value

Chain

ParticipationIntroduction

235

Nominal

and

Real

MRIOTs235

Methodology

238

World

and

Developing

Asia’s

GVC

Participation239

Economy-Specific

GVC

Participation

242

Conclusion248

References

249FiguresFigure

3.1: Traditional

and

GVC

Trade

on

World

Exports

(in

Trillions

USD),

2007–2022240Figure

3.2: World

GVC

Participation

Rate,

2007–2022

241Figure

3.3: Developing

Asia

GVC

Participation

Rate,

2007–2022242Figure

3.4: GVC

Participation

Rate,

Türkiye,

2007–2022243Figure

3.5: GVC

Participation

Rate,

Singapore,

2007–2022244Figure

3.6: GVC

Participation

Rate,

Kazakhstan,

2007–2022

245Figure

3.7: GVC

Participation

Rate,

People’s

Republic

of

China,

2007–2022246Figure

3.8: GVC

Participation

Rate,

United

States,

2007–2022

247TablesTable

3.1: Simplified

Representation

of

a

Real

Multiregional

Input-Output

Table236Table

3.2: Value

Added

Components

of

an

Economy’s

Gross

Exports

239PART

IV:

Stories

Behind

Data—Using

Price

Data

and

Statistics

to

Track

Socioeconomic

Development

Overview

253

How

are

price

data

used

for

policymaking?

254

The

International

Comparison

Program

(ICP)

259

ICP

Implementation

Experiences

and

Best

Practices

from

the

2017

ICP

in

Asia

and

the

Pacific270

References

279FiguresFigure

4.1: Difference

between

CPI

and

PPI258Figure

4.2: Number

of

Participating

Economies

in

the

ICP

260Figure

4.3: ICP

Through

the

Years

261Figure

4.4: International

Comparison

Program

Governance

Structure263Figure

4.5: Contribution

to

Global

GDP,

Nominal

and

Real

266Figure

4.6: Real

Gross

Domestic

Product:

Total,

Per

Capita,

and

Price

Levels,32

Asia

Pacific

Economies,

2017

268Figure

4.7: Spatial

Cost

of

Living

by

Region

in

Viet

Nam,

2018-2022

268Figure

4.8: Share

of

CPI

Items

in

the

Total

ICP

Items

Priced:

2017

ICP

Asia

PacificParticipating

Economies275ixxKey

Indicators

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

2023TablesTable

4.1: Policy

Uses

of

Data

on

Consumer

Price

Movements

255Table

4.2: Prices

Surveys

and

Number

of

Items

in

Product

Lists

for

the

2017

ICP

in

the

Asiaand

Pacific

Region

265Table

4.3: Summary

of

Practices

that

Facilitate

CPI-ICP

Integration274BoxBox

4.1: How

is

the

Cost

of

Living

Measured?

255DefinitionsSustainable

Development

Goals

283

Regional

Trends

and

Tables302xiForewordAt

the

halfway

stage

of

implementing

the

2030

Agenda

for

Sustainable

Development,

Asia

and

the

Pacific

is

behind

the

pace

for

achieving

many

of

the

Sustainable

Development

Goals

(SDGs).

In

addition,

the

Russian

invasion

of

Ukraine

in

2022

and

high

inflation

have

dented

hopes

for

a

full

recovery

from

the

coronavirus

disease

(COVID-19)

pandemic.

As

a

result,

millions

of

people

in

developing

Asia

are

at

risk

of

falling

back

into

poverty.The

Key

Indicators

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

series

provides

comprehensive

social,

economic,

financial,

environmental,

trade,

and

SDG

indicators

for

the

49

regional

members

of

the

Asian

Development

Bank

(ADB).

The

reports

are

a

vital

source

of

socioeconomic

data

and

information

used

by

policymakers,

government

officials,

development

professionals,

researchers,

and

students

in

the

region