2023年考研外語預測試卷4

考研外語預測試卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1>Youreyeisawindowonthenervesandbloodvessels,

revealingvitalinformationaboutyourentirebody.An(1)

examstartsfromtheoutsideandworksin.Firstthe

ophthalmologist(眼科醫(yī)生)gauges(2)withthefamiliar

wal1chartandchecksvisualfieldbymovingobjectsinandout

of(3).A1imitedvisualfieldcouldbethe(4)of

thehighinnereyepressureofglaucoma(青光眼)or(5)a

tumorpressingonnervesleadingfromtheeye.Thephysician

alsochecksforinfectionaroundthelashesandnoteshowfast

thelidsfollowtheeyesdownward.Lidlagsometimes(6)

thyroiddisease(甲狀腺疾病).

Ifonepupilcontracts(7)theotherdoesn't,the

physicianis(8)tothefactthat(9)atumoror

stroke,perhaps,hasdamagedthenervesbetweentheeyeand

brain.Atumorasfaraway(10)thelungcancause

capillaryproblemsbyhittinganervethatloopsthroughthe

neck.

Thewhiteoftheeye,tearducts,lensandretina(視網膜)are

checkedfor(11)oftrouble.Toomanywhitebloodcells

(12)inflammation,bloodmeanstissuehastomoravessel

hasburst,anddepositsof(13)materialcanmeaneye

disease.Theorange-redretinaholdsmanymore(14)for

diseasedetection.Highbloodpressuremayannounceits

(15)bypushingthevesselsofftrackattheir

intersections.(16)vesselgrowthisasignofdiabetic

retinopathy(糖尿病性視網膜病).Narrowedvesselsmayindicate

(17)ofthearteries,anddamagetotinycapillariescould

beasignofearlydiabetes.

Thedoctorevenexaminesthepin-head-sizeholeinthebackof

theopticnerveontheirwaytothebrain.(18)_____the

appearanceofthesenervefibersisabnormal,nervetissuemay

havebeendamagedbecauseofintraocularpressure,indicating

glaucomaorthepresenceofatumor.Whenaphysicianneeds

quick,(19)informationaboutthebody,theeyeshave

(20).

A.entire

B.intact

C.eye

D.informative

2、⑵

A.temperature

B.health

C.field

D.vision

3、(3)

A.scope

B.limit

C.range

D.it

4、(4)

A.result

B.effect

C.indication

D.sequence

5、(5)

A.with

B.of

C.having

D.from

6、(6)

A.illustrates

B.illuminates

3

C.points

D.indicates

7、⑺

A.but

B.when

C.or

D.as

8、(8)

A.alarmed

B.warned

C.alerted

D.convinced

9、(9)

A.anything

B.everything

C.factor

D.something

10、(10)

A.in

B.as

C.to

D.till

4

IK(11)

A.signs

B.signals

C.gestures

D.symbols

12、(12)

A.effect

B.infer

C.signify

D.cause

13、(13)

A.exotic

B.foreign

C.fancy

D.strange

14、(14)

A.information

B.phenomenon

C.materials

D.clues

15、(15)

A.presence

目5

B.arrival

C.news

D.right

16、(16)

A.wholesome

B.versatile

C.abnormal

D.unlawful

17、(17)

A.velocity

B.hardening

C.solidifying

D.despair

18、(18)

A.That

B.How

C.If

D.But

19、(19)

A.reliable

B.trustworthy

C.dependent

6

D.grand

20、(20)

A.them

B.too

C.many

D.it

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Imaginebeingaskedtospendtwelveorsoyearsofyourlife

inasocietywhichconsistedonlyofmembersofyourownsex.

Howwouldyoureact?Unlesstherewassomethingdefinitely

wrongwithyou,youwouldn'tbetoohappyaboutit,tosaythe

least.Itisallthemoresurprising,therefore,thatsomany

parentsintheworldchoosetoimposesuchabnormalconditions

ontheirchildren—conditionswhichtheythemselveswouldn，t

putupwithforoneminute!

Anydiscussionofthistopicisboundtoquestiontheaimsof

education.Stuffingchildren，sheadsfullofknowledgeisfar

frombeingforemostamongthem.Oneofthechiefaimsof

educationistoequipfuturecitizenswithalltheyrequireto

taketheirplaceinadultsociety.Nowadultsocietyismade

upofmenandwomen,sohowcanasegregatedschoolpossibly

offertherightsortofpreparationforit?Anyoneentering

adultsocietyafteryearsofsegregationcanonlybeinfora

shock.

Aco-educationalschoolofferschildrennothinglessthana

trueversionofsocietyinminiature.Boysandgirlsaregiven

theopportunitytogettoknoweachother,tolearntolive

togetherfromtheirearliestyears.Theyareputinaposition

wheretheycancomparethemselveswitheachotherintermsof

academicability,athleticachievementandmanyofthe

extra-curricularactivitieswhicharepartofschoollife.What

apracticaladvantageitis(togivejustasmallexample)to

beabletoputonaschoolplayinwhichthemalepartswill

betakenbyboysandthefemalepartsbygirls!Whatnonsense,

boysandgirlsaremadetofeelthattheyarearaceapart.

Rivalrybetweenthesexesisfostered.Inaco-educational

school,everythingfallsintoitsproperplace.

Butperhapsthegreatestcontributionofco-educationisthe

healthyattitudetolifeitencourages.Boysdon,tgrowup

believingthatwomenaremysteriouscreatures一airygoddesses,

more1ikebook-i1lustrationstoafairy-tale,thanhumanbeings.

Girlsdon'tgrowupimaginingthatmenaxeromanticheroes.

Yearsoflivingtogetheratschooldispelillusionsofthiskind.

Thereaxenogoddesseswithfreckles,pigtails,piercingvoices

andinkyfingers.Therearenoromanticheroeswithknobbyknees,

dirtyfingernailsandunkempthair.Theawkwardstageof

adolescencebringsintosharpfocussomeofthephysicaland

emotionalproblemsinvolvedingrowingup.Thesecanbetterbe

overcomeinacoeducationalenvironment.Segregatedschools

sometimesprovidetherightconditionsforsexualdeviation.

Thisishardlypossibleunderaco-educationalsystem.Whenthe

timecomesforthepupilstoleaveschool,theyarefully

preparedtoentersocietyaswell-adjustedadults.Theyhave

alreadyhadyearsofexperienceincopingwithmanyofthe

problemsthatfacemenandwomen.

Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Onlyco-educationcanbeinharmonywithsociety.

B.PeopleAreinGreatNeedofCo-education.

C.Anyform,ofEducationOtherThanCo-educationIsSimply

Unthinkable

D.Co-educationHasManyFeatures.

2、

Whatdoesco-educationoffertochildren?

A.Asociety.

B.Atruesmallmodelofsociety.

C.Areallife.

D.Trueversionofsocialcondition.

3、

Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthechiefaimsof

education?

A.Itisforstudentstoacquireknowledge,

B.Itistoequipfuturecitizenswithscientifictechnology.

C.Itistoequipfuturecitizenswithwhatisrequiredin

gettingapositioninsociety.

D.Itisforstudentstogetacademicachievements.

4、

Whydoboysandgirlsinco-educationhavenoillusionabout

eachother?

A.Theylivetogetherandknoweachothertoowell.

B.Yearsoflivingtogetheratschooldismisssuchillusions.

C.Co-educationencouragesthemtohaveanhealthyattitude

towardlife.

D.Theyarefamiliarwitheachother'sproblems.

5、

Wecaninferfromthepassagethatsomeparentssendtheir

childrentoreceiveeducationotherthanco-education,

because.

A.Parentsworryabouttheirchildren'ssafety

B.Parentsareafraidoftheirchildren'sbeinginvolvedin

loveaffairsatanearlyage

C.Parentsthinkthattheseschoolsareperfect

D.Parentshopethattheirchildrencanacquireasmuch

knowledgeaspossible

6、IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenes

thatchildreninheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfrom

experiences,onelittlefactgetsoverlooked:noonehas

identifiedanygenes(otherthanthosethatcauseretardation)

thataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlomin

ofLondon'sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome:

Plomin，scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51children

each.TheyareallWhitelivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.

Inonegroup,theaverageIQis136.Intheothergroup,the

averageIQis103.Isolatingthebloodcells,theresearchers

thenexaminedeachchild'schromosome6(Oneofthe23human

chromosomes).Ofthe37landmarksonchromosome6thatthe

researcherslookedfor,onejumpedout:aform,ofgenecalled

IGF2RoccurredintwiceasmanychildreninhighIQgroupas

intheaveragegrowth-32percentversus16percent.Thestudy

concludesthatitisthisform,oftheIGF2Rgene,calledallele

5,thatcontributestointelligence.

Plomincautionsthat“Thisisnotageniusgene.Itisoneof

many”.(Abouthalfthedifferencesinintelligencebetweenone

personandanotherarethoughttoreflectdifferentgenes,and

halfreflectdifferentlifeexperiences.)Thegeneaccountsfor

nomorethanfourextraIQpoints.Anditisneithernecessary

norsufficientforhighIQ:23percentoftheaverage-IQkids

didhaveit,but54percentofgeniuskidsdidnot.

Thesmartgeneisknownbythesnappyname"insulinlikegrowth

factor2receptor，/(IGH2Rtoitsfun).Itletshormoneslikeone

similartoinsulindockwithcells.Althoughageneinvolved

withinsulinisnotthemostobviouscandidateforanIQgene,

newevidencesuggestsitmightindeedplaytherole.Sometimes

whenshormonedockswiththecell,itmakesthecellgrow;

sometimesitmakesthecellcommitsuicide.Bothresponses

couldchoreographthedevelopmentofthebrain.Scientistsat

theNationalInstitutesofHealthfindthatinsulincan

stimulatenervestogrow.Andinratbrains,regionsinvolved

inlearningandmemoryarechockfullofinsulinreceptors.

EventhoughthissupportstheideathatIGF2Rcanaffectthe

brainandhenceintelligence,somegeneticistsseemajor

problemswiththeIQ-genestudy.Oneisthepossibilitythat

Plomin，sgroupfellforwhat'scalledthechopsticksfallacy.

Geneticistsmightthinkthey'vefoundageneforchopsticks

dexterity,butallthey，vereallyfoundisagenemorecommon

inAsiansthan,say,Africans.Similarly,Plomin，sIQgene

mightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasize

academicachievement."Whatifthegenethey,vefoundreflects

ethnicity?”asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkins

University."Iwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxof

salt”.

AsforhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesandhowmuchcome

fromexperiences,.

A.scientistshavereachedanagreement

B.scientists，opinionsvary

C.nogeneshaveeverbeenidentified

D.scientistshavefoundmanysmartgenes

7、

Ahealthypersonhas.chromosomesalltogether.

A.6

B.23

C.37

D.46

8、

Itisfoundthatinsulin.

A.isIQgene

B.hasnothingtodowithIQgene

C.stimulatesnervestogrow

D.isdecisivetothedevelopmentofintel1igence

9、

Somegeneticistsdon，taccepttheIGF2Rgene-study

because.

A.thesubjectsarenotworldwide

B.thesubjectsarefromthegroupsthatemphasizeacademic

achievement

C.thefindingshavenotbeenreplicatedbyotherresearchers

D.bothAandB

10、

Thephrase“withawholeboxofsalt“inthelastparagraph

means.

A.skeptically

B.willingly

C.publicly

D.undoubtedly

11E-mail-can*t1ivewithit,can,tlivewithoutit.Con

artistsandrealartists,advertisersandfreedomfighters,

loversandswornenemies-they，veallflockedtoemailasthey

wouldtoanynewmediumofexpression.E-mai1isconvenient,

savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,helpsusmanage

ourever-more-complexlives.Booksarewritten,campaigns

conducted;crimescommitted-allviae-mail.Butitisalso

inconvenient,wastesourtime,isolatesusinfrontofour

computersandintroducesmorecomplexityintoouralready

too-harriedlives.Toskeptics,E-mailsjustthelatestchapter

intheevolvinghistoryofhumancommunication.Asnooping

husbandnowdiscovershiswife'saffairbyreadingherprivate

e-mail一buthecouldhaveuncoveredthesamesinbyfinding

lettersagenerationago.

YetE-mail—andallonlinecommunication—isinfactsomething

trulydifferent;itcapturestheessenceoflifeattheclose

ofthe20thcenturywithanauthoritythatfewotherproducts

ofdigitaltechnologycanclaim.Doesthepaceoflifeseamever

faster?E-mailsimultaneouslyallowsustocopewiththat

accelerationandcontributestoit.Areourattentionspans

shrivelingunderbarragesofnew,improvedformsofstimulation?

ThequickanddirtyE-mailismadetoorderforthosewhose

abilitytoconcentrateismeasuredinnanoseconds.Ifweaccept

thatthecreationoftheglobespanningInternetisoneofthe

mostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfof

thiscentury,thenwemustgiveE-mail一thelivingembodiment

ofhumanconnectionsacrosstheNet一prideofplace.Theway

weinteractwitheachotherischanging;E-mailisbothcatalyst

andtheinstrumentofthatchange.

Thescopeofthephenomenonismind-boggling.Worldwide,225

millionpeoplecanspendandreceiveE-mail.Forgetaboutthe

Webore-commerceorevenonlinepornography:E-mailisthe

Internet'struekillerapp一thesoftwareapplicationthatwe

simplymusthave,evenifitmeansbuyinga$2,000computerand

plunkingdown$20amonthtoAmericaOnline.AccordingtoDonna

Hoffman,aprofessorofmarketingatVanderbiltUniversity,one

surveyafteranotherfindsthatwhenonlineusersareaskedwhat

theydoontheNet,“E-mailisalwaysNo.1.”

Oddlyenough,nooneplannedit,andonepredictedit.When

researchscientistsfirstbegancookinguptheInternet's

predecessor,theArpanet,in1968,theirprimarygoalwasto

enabledisparatecomputingcenterstoshareresources."Butit

didn，ttakeverylongbeforetheydiscoveredthatthemost

importantthingwastheabilitytosendmailaround,whichthey

hadnotanticipatedatall”,saysEricAuman,chieftechnical

officerofSendmai1,Inc.

Whatdoesthefirstsentenceofthepassagemean?

A.E-mailbringsconvenienceaswellasinconvenience.

B.E-mailcomplicatesourlives.

C.E-maillinksustoothersmoreclosely,butatthesametime,

itisolatesusaswell.

D.E-maildrawscrowdsofpeoplewhocan't1ivewithorwithout

it.

12、

DespitethevastpopularityofE-mail,therearestillpeople

whodon'tthinkmuchofitbecause.

A.theythinkasthelatestinventionincommunication

technologyithasn，treachitsbest

B.theythinkitmaybereplacedbynewercommunication

technologyitdoestheolderwaysofcommunication

C.theythinkitisnobetterthantheolderwaysof

communication

D.theythinkitsinventionisoneinevitablestepinhuman

evolutionjustlikethatoftheolderwaysofcommunication

13、

TotheauthorE-mailis.

A.theauthorityontheaccelerationoflifepace

B.theessenceoflife

C.boththecatalystandtheinstrumentofthechangeinhuman

interaction

D.thelivingembodimentofhumanconnectioninallareas

14、

Whatdoestheword，/mind-boggling，/(Sentence1,Paragraph3)

probablymean?

A.Amazing.

B.Worrying.

C.Satisfying.

D.Confusing.

15、

In1968,researchscientistsbegancookingtheArpanetforthe

purposeof.

A.findingabetterwayofpubliccommunication

B.creatinge-mail

C.sharingresourcesamongdisparatecomputingcenters

D.sendingmailaround

16、CillianShepardistoannounceareviewofexamination

standardstodayascontroversysurroundinguniversityentrance

proceduresbringscriticismoverBritain'seducational

performance.

TheEducationandEmploymentSecretaryisworriedthat

continuinguncertaintyoveralevelsinparticularwill

underminetheGovernment，sdrivetomeetambitioustargetsfor

improvement.Shepostponedanannouncementuntilthisyear's

candidateshadreceivedtheirresults,butisnowdetermined

tocleartheair.

Mrs.Shepard，smainadvisersonschoolshavealreadyaskedher

tosanctiona100,000researchproject,comparingpapersover

thepast20years.Butsheisexpectedtogofurther.

ReportsofuniversitiesadmittingA-levelfailuresto

foundationcourseswillbereferredtoofficialscarryingout

areviewofhighereducation.Furtherresearchwillfocuson

schoolexaminations.

Mrs.Shepardreturned{mmholidaylastweektofindcritics

chimingthataseventhsuccessiveriseinpassratesindicated

fallingstandardsatAlevel,whilenewvocationalequivalents

hadanalarmingdrop-outrate.Sincethen,shehasbecome

embroiledincontroversyoverhighereducationadmissions,

insistingthatitwasnottheroleofuniversitiestoprepare

studentsfordegreecourses.

Yesterdayaretiredmathematicslecturersaidhehadbeen

orderedtoadmitstudentstoafoundationcourseafter

rejecting:themforadegree,DavidSmalley,whoteaches

part-timeatBrunelUniversityinwestLondon,saidmanyofthe

studentswhowereacceptedsubsequentlywouldneverbecapable

ofdegree-levelmathematics.

Mr.Smalleysaidacourseforthosewithoutthenecessarygrades

tostudysciencehadbeensetupearlierthanplannedwhen

undergraduaterecruitmentdriedup.Hehadbeentoldto

approachpotentialstudentsfromapileofrejected

applications.

AuniversityspokeswomansaidstudentsenteringBruneTs

foundationcoursesinscienceandengineeringhadanaverage

oftwoCsatAlevel,enoughtowinaplaceonmanydegreecourses.

Halfofthefirstintakeinengineeringsecureduppersecond

classdegreesalterpassingthefoundationyear.

ButMr.Smalleysaidhewasconvincedstandardshadplummeted

sincetheintroductionofpre-degreecourses."Wehavehadone

ortwosuccessstoriesonthem,butotherscouldnotadd

fractions.Someoftheworkwouldmakeyourhaircurl”.

IanWood,whosetupBrunel'sfirstfoundationcourse,m

engineering,saidsomeolderlecturersfounditdifficultto

adapttoteachinglessablestudents.Headded:"Thisyear26

studentsoutof60gotthroughafoundationyearandoneended

upwithafirst-classdegree.Iamsuretherearespurious

courseselsewhereputonjusttobumpupnumbers,butour

standardsarehigh”.

TheHigherEducationFundingCouncilforEnglandsaidithad

noreasontoquestionstandardsonfoundationcourses.

WhoisGillianShepard?

A.Sheisanofficial.

B.Sheispresidentofauniversity.

C.Sheisaneducator.

D.Sheispresidentofacountry.

17、

Areviewofexamstandardsistobeannounced,because.

A.therearerumorsthatsomeuniversitiesadmitA-level

failures

B.therearecriticismsonthenationaleducational

performance

C.thereiscontroversyoveranalarmingdropoutrateofnew

vocationalequivalents

D.therearesuspicionsonthefeasibilityoffoundation

course

18、

Thewriter'sattitudetowardthereviewis

A.skeptical

B.objective

C.negative

D.approving

19、

Whatcanbeimpliedfromthesentence"someoftheworkwould

makeyourhaircud^(Sentences,Paragraph9)?

A.Somestudents'homeworkmakeyouannoyed.

B.Somestudents'homeworkmakeyoudelighted.

C.Somestudents'homeworkmakeyousatisfied.

D.Somestudents'homeworkmakeyousurprised.

20、

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.InBritain,theeducationqualityisdeciining.

B.InBritain,there'snoreasontoquestionstandardson

foundationcourses.

C.InBritain,A-leverinquiryistobeordered.

D.InBritain,peopleargueaboutthenationaleducational

performance.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

ArecessionmarkedtheearlyyearsofReagan'spresidency,but

conditionsstartedtoimprovein1983andtheUnitedStates

enteredoneofthelongestperiodsofsustainedeconomicgrowth

sinceWorldWarII.However,analarmingpercentageofthis

growthwasbasedondeficitspending.In1988,formervice

presidentGeorgeBushbecamePresident.Hecontinuedmanyof

Reagan'spolicies.Bush'seffortstogaincontroloverthe

federalbudgetdeficit,however,wereproblematic.The1990s

broughtanewpresident,BillClinton,acautious,moderate

Democrat,whoseliberalinitiativescreatedamythforthe

Americaneconomy.

(41).Still,althoughClintonreducedthesizeofthe

federalworkforce,thegovernmentcontinuedtoplayacrucial

roleinthenation'seconomy.Mastofthemajorinnovationsof

theNewDeal,andagoodmanyoftheGreatSociety,remained

inplace.AndtheFederalReservesystemcontinuedtoregulate

theoverallpaceofeconomicactivity,withawatchfuleyefor

anysignsofrenewedinflation.

(42).Technologicaldevelopmentsbroughtawiderangeof

sophisticatednewelectronicproducts.Innovationsin

telecommunicationsandcomputernetworkingspawnedavast

computerhardwareandsoftwareindustryandrevolutionizedthe

waymanyindustriesoperate.

(43).NolongerareAmericansafraidthattheJapanese

willoverwhelmthemwithsuperiortechnologyorthattheywill

saddletheirchildrenwithgovernmentdebt.

America，slaborforcechangedmarkedlyduringthe1990s.

Continuingalongtermtrend,thenumberoffarmersdeclined.

Asmallportionofworkershadjobsinindustry,whileamuch

greatershareworkedintheservicesector,injobsrangingfrom

storeclerkstofinancialplanners.Ifsteelandshoeswereno

longerAmericanmanufacturingmainstays,computersandthe

softwarethatmakethemrunwere.

(44).Economists,surprisedatthecombinationofrapid

growthandcontinuedlowinflation,debatedwhethertheUnited

Stateshada“neweconomy“capableofsustainingafastergrowth

ratethanseemedpossiblebasedontheexperiencesofthe

previous40years.

(45).Asia,whichhadgrownespeciallyrapidlyduringthe

1980s,joinedEuropeasamajorsupplieroffinishedgoodsand

amarketforAmericanexports.Sophisticatedworldwide

telecommunicationssystems1inkedtheworld'sfinancial

marketsinawayunimaginableevenafewyearsearlier.

A.Theeconomy,meanwhile,turnedinanincreasinglyhealthy

performanceasthe1990sprogressed.WiththefalloftheSoviet

UnionandEasternEuropeancommunisminthelate1980s,trade

opportunitiesexpandedgreatly.

B.Still,Americansendedthe1990switharestoredsenseof

confidence.Bytheendof1999,theeconomyhadgrown

continuouslysinceMarch1991,thelongestpeacetimeeconomic

expansioninhistory.

C.Clintonsoundedsomeofthesamethemesashispredecessors.

AfterunsuccessfullyurgingCongresstoenactanambitious

proposaltoexpandhealth-insurancecoverage,Clintondeclared

thattheeraof“biggovernmentwasoverinAmerica.Hepushed

tostrengthenmarketforcesinsomesectors,workingwith

Congresstoopenlocaltelephoneservicetocompetition.He

alsojoinedRepub1icanstoreducewelfarebenefits.

D.Finally,theAmericaneconomywasmorecloselyintertwined

withtheglobaleconomythaniteverhadbeen.Clinton,like

hispredecessors,hadcontinuedtopushforeliminationof

tradebarriers.ANorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)

hadfurtherincreasedeconomictiesbetweentheUnitedStates

andits

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

WhilemanypeoplemightassumethatMothers'Dayisaholiday

inventedbythefinefolksatHallmark,it'snotso.The

earliestMothers，Daycelebrationscanbetracedbacktothe

springcelebrationsofancientGreece,honoringRhea,the

MotheroftheGods.TheRomanscalledtheirversionoftheevent

theHilaria,andcelebratedontheIdes(古羅馬歷中的3月15

日)ofMarchbymakingofferingsinthetempleofCybele,the

motheroftheGods.EarlyChristianscelebratedthefestival

onthefourthSundayofLentinhonoroftheVirginMary,the

MotherofChrist.

Inmorerecenttimes,relatively