高三第一輪復(fù)習(xí)代詞介詞學(xué)案

2024屆高三上期英語加強(qiáng)第二講代詞近幾年，高考對(duì)代詞的考查主要集中在代詞的基本用法上，因此這類試題一般較為簡單。語法填空側(cè)重對(duì)it用法的考查；其他考查主要集中在不定代詞、反身代詞、形容詞性物主代詞和代詞的格等的用法上。考生在解題時(shí)要根據(jù)語境、句意判斷人稱和數(shù)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀上下文，根據(jù)代詞具體指代的對(duì)象和在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑_定代詞的格。未來高考對(duì)代詞的考查將繼續(xù)側(cè)重代詞的基本用法，并會(huì)加強(qiáng)語境的真實(shí)性和復(fù)雜性。(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用代詞填空)“Withouttheball,I'mhalfpleteof1.________(I)，”LuisFigo,oneoftheworld'sgreatestfootballplayersoncesaid.ThePortugueseplayedhisfirstinternationalmatchin1991attheageof18andhaskeptscoringeversince.HereachedanewmarkonFebruary18byplaying2.________(he)hundredthmatchforhisnationalteaminafriendlymatchagainstEngland.Acrowdofmorethan30,000fanswatchedandcheeredfor3.________(he)inLisbon.“Figo,Figo，”4.________shoutedexcitedlywhenhewalkedontothefield.TheRealMadridplayer,31,wantedtohelphiscountryinEuro2004andtowin5.________SpanishCupwithRealMadrid.MadridboughtFigofromFCBarcelonafor82.4milliondollarsin2000,andheshowedeveryonewhatagreatplayerhewasbywinningFIFA'sFootballeroftheYearawardin2001.“Figoworkslikeanartistandhastheskillstobethemostpleteplayer，”saidFIFAPresidentJosephBlatterin2001.“Figo6.________(he)isarealleaderwhoalwaystrieshisbestonthefieldandagoodteamplayer.7.________isnoproblemforhimtoworktogetherwithhisteammateatRealMadrid,starfootballerDavidBeckham.”Infact,Figowasthefirst8.________toweleBeckhamwhenhearrived.“Wehaveastrongteam,andwecanhelpone9.________andworktogethertobesuccessful，”Figosaid.(二)快捷技法思考趨向1．當(dāng)提示詞為代詞時(shí)，需分析判斷用其主格、賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞中的哪種形式。2．如空后無提示詞，且空格處在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語時(shí)，考慮填代詞。解題規(guī)則1．人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞?？键c(diǎn)一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞I①amaseniorschoolstudentandI①wanttojoinour③schoolfootballteam，butthepersoninchargerejectedme②.Ihavetospendmy③sparetimepracticingfootballtoimprovemyself④.Look!Thefootballunderthebedismine⑤.Ithasbeenwornout.①為代詞的主格形式作主語。②為代詞的賓格形式作賓語。③為形容詞性物主代詞，放在名詞之前作定語。④為反身代詞，可作賓語、表語或同位語。⑤為名詞性物主代詞，后面不加名詞，可作主語、賓語或表語。(1)人稱代詞中第三人稱的主格(he,she,it,they)與賓格(him,her,it,them)常指代前文或后文出現(xiàn)的人或物。當(dāng)提示詞為人稱代詞的主格時(shí)需考慮是否變?yōu)橘e格。(如題3)(2)形容詞性物主代詞(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)在句中作定語，常表示物體的所屬；而名詞性物主代詞(mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs)在句中可以作主語、賓語和表語，但不可以作定語。(如題2)(3)反身代詞(myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves)表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在句中作賓語、表語和同位語。(如題1,6)2．替代詞和不定代詞常考點(diǎn)替代詞that，those，one，ones，theone，theonesIfoundabeautifulcoatinashop，butitwasveryexpensive.Luckily，Ifoundone①lookingthesameonlineanditwasmuchcheaperthanthat②/theone③inthephysicalshop.However，whenIreceivedthecoat，Irealizedthoughtheones④soldonlineweremuchcheaper，theywerenotasgoodasthose⑤inphysicalshops.Iwouldratherspendmoremoneyonbetterones⑥withhighquality.①one替代上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“a/an＋單數(shù)名詞”。②that替代上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”。③theone替代特指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞”。④theones替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。⑤those替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時(shí))，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。⑥ones替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。所替代名詞都是同類不同物；同類同物替代用it/them。(1)替代詞that,those,one,ones①that可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those。②one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的同類事物中的“一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。(如題8)(2)不定代詞的用法不定代詞1．a(chǎn)ll/every/both/each/neither/noneThereare50studentsinmyclass.Thoughnotall①ofusarestudyingwell，weall①studyhard.Everystudent②hasadreamuniversity，thoughnoteverystudent②canbeadmittedtoafamousone.MydeskmateandIboth③likemusic，butbothofusdon’t③wanttoenteramusicinstitute.Each④ofushaschosenourfuturecollege.Wehave14teachersinall，none⑤ofwhomtreatusbadly.However,mydeskmateandIareboth③fat，soneither⑥ofuslovePEclasses.①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常依據(jù)所指為可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞而定；與not連用表示部分否定。②every強(qiáng)調(diào)(整體中的)每一個(gè)，只能作定語，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一個(gè)”，與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定。③both表示“兩者(都)”。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；與not連用表示部分否定，意為“兩者并不都……”。④each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，可作代詞和形容詞，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個(gè)”，可以與of短語連用。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；作同位語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和主語保持一致。⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)無一個(gè)”或“沒有一點(diǎn)兒”。后接of短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。⑥neither表示“(兩者)都不”。單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；后接of短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。2．a(chǎn)nything/nothing/something/everything—Doyouhaveanything①tosayaboutyourexam?—No，Ihavenothing②tosayaboutit.—Ihopeyoucansharesomething③specialaboutyourschool.—IhavetoldyouthatIdon’thaveanything①tosayaboutit.Everything④hasgonewrong.①anything表示“任何事物,一些事”時(shí)，用于否定句和疑問句中；表示“隨便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。②nothing表示“什么也沒有”，可用于肯定、疑問及否定句。③something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”，強(qiáng)調(diào)全體，但謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。3．theother，another，others與theothers—Excuseme.CanyouexchangethisTshirtforanother①one?Someothers②sayitdoesn’tfitmewell.—Ofcourse.ThisTshirtesintwosizes；youcantryontheother③one.—Don’tbother.TherearesomanyshopsandIwillgotoseetheothers④.①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”，代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。②others表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some連用。③theother可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩者中的“另一個(gè)”或兩部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”時(shí)用theothers。①both,either,neither都強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者，可作主語、賓語和定語。neither表示“兩者都不”；either表示“兩者中任何一個(gè)”；both表示“兩者都”。②all和none都強(qiáng)調(diào)三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而none表示“全部都不”。(如題4)③another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一個(gè)，再一個(gè)”；theother意為“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”；other意為“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。(如題5,9)3．it的?？键c(diǎn)(1)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離等(2)代替上文提到過的事物(3)代替性別不明的嬰兒、動(dòng)物或不確定的某個(gè)人(4)代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作形式主語或形式賓語(5)it的常用固定句型:·Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分·It＋be＋形容詞＋of/forsb.todosth.·Itisnogood/nouse/useless/awasteoftimedoingsth.·hate/like/enjoyitthat...討厭/喜歡……·whenitesto...當(dāng)談到……·assb.putsit正如某人所言·makeit成功1.Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafterschoolactivitiesarehappierthanwhoarenot.

2.waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.

3.Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfromintheUK.

4.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthaninsomelargerschools.

5.HowwouldyoulikeifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?

6.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butknowsthedateforsure.

7.Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainstthe.

8.Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,butisusefultomyknowledge.

介詞高考對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及含介詞的固定搭配的用法上。語法填空題對(duì)介詞的考查形式為純空格，即沒有提示詞，這對(duì)考生正確理解句意和掌握的知識(shí)提出了較高的要求。短文改錯(cuò)題對(duì)介詞的考查主要涉及介詞的多余、缺失或誤用，其中固定搭配中介詞的誤用是考查的重點(diǎn)。因此，考生應(yīng)在掌握介詞基本用法的同時(shí)，注意總結(jié)和積累其與名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語的意義和用法。(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空)Inthechemistrylab,because1.________thestudent'scarelessness,thetubecrackedandtheliquidinitcausedafireonthetable.Fortunately,heputitout2.________timeatlast.Infact,itismontohavesomesmallaccidentscaused3.________carelessness.Iusedtoenjoycooking,soIalwayssoughtachancetocook.However,thedesireled4.________anaccident.OnceIstayed5.________homealone.Ifounditachancetocook.IputallthefoodIneeded6.________apot.ThenIhadtowait7.________ittoboil.Inordertokillthewaitingtime,IwenttowatchTV.OnlyinafewminuteswasIfascinatedbyawonderfulprogramme.ItwasabouthalfanhourlaterthatIrememberedmyfood.Iturnedoffthecookerimmediatelybutunfortunatelythefoodranover8.________thepot.Iwasblamedandhadtocleanthekitchen.Soweshouldpayattention9.________everythingwearedoingtoavoidaccidents.(二)快捷技法思考趨向1．若空格后是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，且它們?cè)诰渲胁皇亲髦髡Z、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，那么空格處一般是填介詞。(如題1,2,3,6,8)2．看空格前的動(dòng)詞或形容詞，若空格處能與之構(gòu)成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作賓語，那么空格處一般填介詞。(如題4,5,7,9)1．表示方位的介詞Wewalkedacross①thebeach，through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwasunder④thebigtreemarkedin⑤themap.Aftersteppinginto⑥thehouse，wefoundasmallblacktable，over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧，onlytofindnothing.Myfriendfoundsomethingspecial—anemptybox.Beneath⑨itwasanotesaying，“Standbeside⑩thewindowandlookoutof?it.”From?thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond?asmallhill.①across指從較為平坦的表面穿過。②through指從立體的事物中間穿過。③to指到某處，去某處。④under在……下面，無接觸面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方無接觸面；on在……上面有接觸面⑧around在/向……周圍。⑨beneath在……下面有接觸面⑩beside在……旁邊。?outof在……外面。?from從……。?beyond在/向……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊，超出。2．表示時(shí)間的介詞Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2015.Myparentslefthomeat③6∶00amtomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldebackin④twohours.However，itwasn’tlongbefore⑤someoneknockedatthedoor，andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawastranger.Iquicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside，anddidn’topenituntil⑥myparentscameback.During⑦thetwohours，thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn’tlistentohim.Onseeingmyparents，thestrangersaid，“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor⑧twohourssince6∶10am.”Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchover⑨t(yī)heyears?①on指在具體的某一天及具體某一天的早中晚。②in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)等大時(shí)間之前，或者指上/下午或晚上。③at用在幾點(diǎn)鐘或night/noon之前。④in也可用在表示一段時(shí)間的詞之前，表示“多久之后”。⑤before在……之前。⑥until直到……時(shí)候。⑦during在……期間。⑧for表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。⑨over表示“在……期間”，表延續(xù)。3．表示原因的介詞Johnwaspunishedfor①cheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over②itandhetrembledwith③angerbecauseof④John’sbadbehaviour.①for表示原因，后面可以加名詞(詞組)或句子。②at/over用在表示情緒的形容詞之后，后面加名詞(詞組)。③with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。④becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不加陳述句，加名詞(短語)/名詞性從句。4．其他重要介詞Between①thetwoopinions，Iamfor②thefirstonebutagainst③thesecondone.By④wearingschooluniforms，studentscanbetreatedequallyby④othersdespite⑤thedifferenteconomicbackgroundsamong⑥them.Besides⑦，thepriceiswithin⑧students’reach.Moststudentsexcept⑨aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.①between表示兩者之間。②for表示支持。③against表示反對(duì);緊靠,倚；以…為背景,襯托。④by表示“借助/通過……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示盡管，等于inspiteof。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示除此之外還。⑧within表示在……范圍之內(nèi)。⑨except表示同類事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示與整體陳述相對(duì)的細(xì)節(jié)修補(bǔ)。其他?？嫉慕樵~with(1)(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有(2)(表示伴隨)隨著(3)(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)?4)(表示關(guān)系)和……一起(5)構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)against(1)(表示態(tài)度)反對(duì)(2)(表示對(duì)比)以……為背景(3)(表示方位)倚靠著……of(1)表示“……的”(2)“of＋n.”相當(dāng)于該名詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞for“for＋時(shí)間段”表示“長達(dá)……”despite盡管，雖然without如果沒有beyond超出，超越3．介詞在固定搭配中的考查介詞在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下幾種形式：(1)介詞與名詞的搭配(2)介詞與形容詞的搭配(3)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配隨堂練習(xí)一:單句語法填空1.Favorablepoliciesareeffecttoencourageemployees’professionaldevelopment.

2.—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.

3.Bobthoughthecouldn’tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewentall.

4.China’ssoftpowergrowsinlinetheincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.

5.WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbetreesthatareover1,000yearsold.

6.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.return,weexpectstudentstoworkhard.

7.Determiningwhereweareinrelationoursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.

8.Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowupinfluencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.

9.Mostpeopleworkbecauseit’sunavoidable.contrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.

10.Thesementscameinresponsespecificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.

11.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomeanimalsbothonlandandsea?

12.Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃theaverage.

13.Theybelievethattherearetransportdevelopmentsthecornerthatwillbringalotofchangesforthebetter.

14.Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmonynature.

15.Thismeetingroomisanonsmokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyouadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.

16.Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.

隨堂練習(xí)二:綜合語法填空①ThesufferinginGazaisunfathomable.Israelclaimsitsmissionis__1______(destroy)Hamas.ButeachIsraelistrikealsopulverizesnearbybuildings____2__innocentfamiliesoftendie.S.officialshavepaidlipservicetotheidea__3___IsraelshouldtreatPalestiniancivilianshumanely.Butthosewordshavehadnoeffect.Ofcoursetheydid,becausethesocalledinternationalmunityisaclubofcolonizers,hypocritical__4_____narrowminded.ThestatelessPalestinianpeople___5_____(suffer)fordecadesunderthe“attacks,racism,andfascism”oftheoccupierwhiletheWestlooksaway.Weknow___6____theAmericanshavegivenagreenlighttotheoccupiertocarryoutamassdisplacementofthepeopleofGaza.TheU.S.wantstohelpIsraelestablishapureJewishstateontheentirelandofPalestine.ButevenmoreimportanttoAmericanmotivesaretheAmericaninterests____7____stake.TheU.S.feels____8____(threaten)byRussianandChineseinfluenceintheworldandparticularlyinAfricaandtheMiddleEast.That’swhyWashingtonhastenedtosendnotonebuttwoaircraftcarrierstrikegroups___9_____(steam)towardtheMiddleEast.Itispartofthe“globalZionistconspiracy”thatwelesa____10____(wide),evenaworld,war.【TheWeekUSA(October27,2023)】②Scientistshaveusedgeneeditingtechnologytocreatechickensthatare_____1___(resist)tobirdflu,apotentiallymajorbreakthroughinthefightagainstadiseasethat_____2___(kill)tensofmillionsofAmericanchickensinthepastyear.____3_____(use)CRISPRtechnology,researcherstweakedaproteinthattheH5N1virusrelieson___4_____(infect)ahost.Theyinjectedtheeditedgeneintoeggs,___5____grewintoadultchickens.Oncetheyhadestablishedthattheeditedgenewasn’thamperingthebirds’____6____(grow),theytestedtheanimals’resistancetobirdflu.Bothgeneticallyengineeredchickensandregularones____7____(expose)toalowdoseofthevirus,andthegeneeditedgroupprovedtobealmostentirelyresistanttoinfection.Buttheprocesshasnotyetbeenperfected.Whenthegeneeditedbirdsfacedamuchlargerdoseofthevirus,abouthalfsuffered__8___breakthroughinfection.Inthosecases,thevirusmayhaveusedtwootherproteinstoinfectthechickens,andresearcherswilltargetthosenext.“Wedohavetobeveryvigilant,becauseevolutionisreally___9_____(power),”saysCeiliPeng