第二章第7講特殊句式-2024年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題輔導(dǎo)與訓(xùn)練

07特殊句式[考點(diǎn)一]倒裝句(一)完全倒裝1.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方位和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞，如：there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首，句子謂語(yǔ)是go,e,run等不及物動(dòng)詞，可將謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。但主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，不倒裝。Thereremainsthepossibilitythatmistakeshavebeenmade.仍然有已經(jīng)出錯(cuò)的可能。Look!Fromoppositethestreetetwokids,screaminginpanic.看!兩個(gè)孩子從街對(duì)面過(guò)來(lái)，(他們)驚慌地尖叫著。2.當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，也常常用全部倒裝。Southofthecityliesafactory.城市的南面有家工廠。3.such作表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，也常常用全部倒裝。SuchwasEinstein,asimplemanbutagreatscientist.這就是愛(ài)因斯坦，一位樸實(shí)而又偉大的科學(xué)家。4.表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。(1)形容詞+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Presentatthemeetingweresomeexperts.到會(huì)的是一些專家。(2)過(guò)去分詞+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Gonearethedayswhenwewalkedtowork.我們步行上班的時(shí)代一去不復(fù)返了。(3)介詞短語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Amongthegoodsareflowers,candlesandtoys.貨物中有花，蠟燭和玩具。(二)部分倒裝1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意義的副詞以及bynomeans,notuntil,notonly,notaword,notasingle,onnocondition,innocase等。表示否定意義的詞組開(kāi)頭，要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。Neverwillheebacktothefactory.他永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)回到這家工廠了。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.護(hù)士們不僅想要增加報(bào)酬，她們也想要減少工作時(shí)間。2.當(dāng)句子用so,nor,neither開(kāi)頭，說(shuō)明前面一句話中的情況也適用于另外一些人或物時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分倒裝。TomlikesEnglish,andsodoI.湯姆喜歡英語(yǔ)，我也喜歡英語(yǔ)。3.在so/such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，把so/such提到句首時(shí)，主謂要倒裝。Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.她感動(dòng)得一句話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。Sofastdoesherunthatheisfaraheadofothers.他跑得那么快以至于遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了其他人。4.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即要將從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或從句中的動(dòng)詞提到as/though的前面。在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用加任何冠詞。Childasheis,heknowsalot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。5.在省略if的虛擬條件句中，were,had或should要提到句首構(gòu)成倒裝。Hadyoueafewminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.如果你早來(lái)幾分鐘，你就能看見(jiàn)他了。6.當(dāng)only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，采用部分倒裝形式。要注意“only+主語(yǔ)”用在句首時(shí)不倒裝。OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedidsherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.直到莉莉走進(jìn)辦公室，她才意識(shí)到自己把合同落在家里了。Onlyyoucanhelpme.只有你能幫助我。7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!8.neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)分句都要用倒裝形式。NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.我既不知道這件事，也不關(guān)心這件事。對(duì)點(diǎn)演練單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(天津卷)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount______theyusemobilephonesinhisclass.2.(2019·全國(guó)卷I)Enviable_________thecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.3.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Onlyatdinnertime_________(be)weeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.4.Onlythen_________werealizetherewasanearthquake.Iwastoofrightenedtomove.5.Atthetopofthehill_________(lie)anoldcottagewhichhasawonderfulviewofthewholecity.6.Nextdoortoours_________(live)ablackcouple,whoseemtohavesettledinthismunityforquitealongtime.7.Theparentsdidn'ttoleratetheirkids'rudenessattheparty;nor_________theyallowthemselvestobedisobeyed._________itmightsound,everyonepresentwasamusedbyhisadventurestoryinAfrica.[考點(diǎn)二]強(qiáng)調(diào)1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子其他部分。該句型可對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人，且作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用who或that,其他情況下一律用that。Itisonlybylisteningtoandunderstandingeachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.只有通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)和相互理解，父母和孩子之間的問(wèn)題才可能被解決。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Was+it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子其他部分?Wasitintheparkthathemetournewteacher?他是在公園里遇到我們的新老師的嗎?3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分?Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?他是什么時(shí)候決定選修這門課程的?4.not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/wasnotuntil...+that+句子其他部分。Itwasnotuntilhegothome30minuteslaterthathefoundhehadlefthisbaginthetaxi.直到他到家三十分鐘后他才發(fā)現(xiàn)他把包落在了出租車上。用助動(dòng)詞do,does或did來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。Shedidtellmeheraddress,butIforgotallaboutit.她確實(shí)告訴過(guò)我她的地址，但我全忘了。對(duì)點(diǎn)演練單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Whyisit_________somepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?2.(2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷)I_________expectYouthcanpublishmoreclassicworksandhaveapromisingfuture.3.(2020·江蘇卷)Heprovedthatit'snotwhathappenstous_________determinesourlives—it'swhatwemakeofwhathappens.4.(天津卷，改編)Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse_________wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.[考點(diǎn)三]其他特殊句式(一)省略在asif,if,though,when,where,while,nomatterwhat,until等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂語(yǔ)部分含be動(dòng)詞，而主語(yǔ)又與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)中的be動(dòng)詞可以一起省略。Allthephotographsinthisbook,unless(thephotographsare)statedotherwise,datefromthe1950s.這本書(shū)里所有的照片，除非有說(shuō)明，否則，都要追溯到20世紀(jì)50年代。在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后接不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往將不定式符合to省略；在同一句話或同一情景對(duì)話中，當(dāng)同一動(dòng)作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時(shí)，通常省略該動(dòng)作而保留不定式符號(hào)to。Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenotto.那名司機(jī)想把車?？吭诼愤?，但是警察不允許他這樣做。ifever如果有過(guò)的話ifbusy如果忙的話ifanything如果有什么不同ifpossible如果可能的話ifso如果那樣的話ifnot如果不的話ifnecessary如果必要的話(二)祈使句祈使句的基本用法如下：祈使句用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、勸告等。祈使句的主語(yǔ)一般為第二人稱(通常省略)。有時(shí)也可用everybody,someone,anybody等不定代詞。祈使句表示假設(shè)的情況：“祈使句+and+陳述句(一般將來(lái)時(shí))”。(1)名詞詞組+and+陳述句名詞詞組中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等詞。Onestepfurtherandyou'llfalldown.再多走一步，你就會(huì)摔倒。Justalittlemorepatienceandwe'lllookintoits00n.再耐心點(diǎn)兒，我們很快就會(huì)調(diào)查此事。(2)祈使句+破折號(hào)+陳述句Trysomeofthisjuice—perhapsyou'lllikeit.嘗嘗這種果汁，也許你會(huì)喜歡它的。(三)感嘆句感嘆句的3種常見(jiàn)句式1.What(+a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么美麗的花啊!2.How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!Howcleveraboyheis!=Whatacleverboyheis!多聰明的男孩呀!3.How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!Howhighthemountainis!這山真高呀!(四)反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句由“陳述句+反問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，若陳述句為肯定式，反意疑問(wèn)句為否定式，反之亦然。①當(dāng)must作“必須”講時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)部分用needn't;當(dāng)mustn't(不允許，禁止)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)部分用must。Youmustgonow,needn'tyou?你現(xiàn)在必須走，不是嗎?Youmustn'tsmokehere,mustyou?你不能在這里吸煙，是吧?②當(dāng)must表示推測(cè)，作“一定，準(zhǔn)是”講時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞形式要根據(jù)must后面的動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間確定。Youmusthavewatchedthefootballmatchlastnight,didn'tyou?你昨晚一定是看足球比賽了，是吧?2.陳述部分含有usedto時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用usedn't或didn't均可。Youusedtoplayfootball,usedn't/didn'tyou?你過(guò)去常常踢足球，是嗎?①當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分動(dòng)詞用肯定式。Hecouldhardlygetup,couldhe?他幾乎起不來(lái)了，不是嗎?②陳述部分含有由否定意義的前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的詞，疑問(wèn)部分一般用否定式。Marydislikessports,doesn'tshe?瑪麗不喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，不是嗎?4.陳述部分含有賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Hesaidthatshewouldehereontime,didn'the?他說(shuō)她會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)這里，不是嗎?(五)therebe句型1.therebe句型中的be可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，可以和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。并且be有時(shí)可用live,remain,stand,lie,exist,seemtobe,appeartobe,happentobe,usedtobe等替換。Therehavebeenmanygreatchangesinourcountrysincethen.自從那時(shí)起我國(guó)發(fā)生了很多大的變化。Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.從前在海邊的一個(gè)村莊里住著一位老漁夫。2.therebe句型的?？季湫停篢hereisnodoubtthat...毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.(某人)沒(méi)有必要做某事Thereis(no)difficulty/troubleindoing/withsth.做某事(沒(méi))有困難Thereis(no)possibilityof(doing)sth./that...(做)某事(沒(méi))有可能性對(duì)點(diǎn)演練單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)There__________(be)alternativestoconstantwrittenmunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat2.(2020·天津卷)__________itbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?3.(北京卷，改編)Inanyunsafesituation,simply__________(press)thebuttonandahighlytrainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.4.(新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)Istillcan'tbelieve__________acoincidenceitwas.5.Onceuponatime,__________wasaboywhoseparentsnamedhimOdd.6.Theshockingnewsmademerealize__________terribleproblemswewouldface.7.Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif__________(leave)inthewronghands.8.Thereappearsto__________littleenthusiasmforyouridea.高考對(duì)接特殊句式在語(yǔ)法填空中的命題點(diǎn)①(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gone__________(be)thedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.②(2019·全國(guó)卷I)Notonly__________likabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutes,too.①(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)ThisindicatesthatGoffin'sdocockatoos__________indeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwoyearoldbabies.②(2020·全國(guó)I卷)Butremember,it'syou__________havetogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.(全國(guó)卷I)__________(reserve)yourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!①(2022·浙江卷)Oneday,while__________(drive)nearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.②(2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷)When__________(feel)depressed,Ioftenchoosetoenjoythenovelpartwhichincludesalotofimaginativestories.專題語(yǔ)法練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlantic__________ZhengHehadsailedtoEastAfrica.2.Onlywithgoodluck__________shemanagetoescapefromtherisingfloodwaters.__________(stand)agirlhehadneverseenbefore.4.AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver__________(lie)Chongqing,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.5.Welaughatjokes,butseldom__________wethinkabouthowtheywork.6.Neverbefore__________(have)sheseenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.7.Thelittleboywantedtoplayputergamesbeforefinishinghishomework,buthismumtoldhim__________(not).__________(accept)forthejob,you'llbeinformedsoon.9.Seeingisbelieving,isn't__________?10.Someflowersshutupatnightasif__________(sleep).11.Ilovedthismovieand__________didallmyfriends.12.—Didyouhaveagoodtime?__________(do)enjoythedisheshecooked.__________(keep)inmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthispanyrunningsmoothly.14.—Youdidn'twaitforMrSmithlastnight,didyou?—No,butwedidn'tneed__________.Hedidn'treturnhomeatall.15.—Idon'tthinkthattheywillreachanagreementinsuchashorttime.—__________doI.Itwilltaketimetofindawinwinsolution.一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Eveniffamiliesarelesslikelytoeattogetherthan______,millionsofBritonsstillsitdownforChristmasdinner.A．ithadbeenbefore B．theyhadbeenbeforeC．thecasewasonce D．wasoncethecase2．Itisinthisverytown,__________Tomwasborn40yearsago,__________hewillbuildanewschool,__________exciteseveryoneinthetown.A．that;that;which B．that;where;that C．where;that;which D．where;when;that3．Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,________,reaching30℃insummer.A．ifnot B．ifever C．ifany D．ifso4．Itwasnotuntilshecollectedenoughmaterial_______tocreatehernewnovel.A．didshebegin B．whenshebeganC．thatshebegan D．thatdidshebegin5．—Whenishewillingtolendsomebodysomemoney?—Onlywhenhardenough.A．topress B．pressing C．pressed D．presses6．Notuntilmanyyearslater_______thatmanyofhisneighborshelpedhimwhenhesufferedthelossofhisparentsatanearlyage.A．hewasinformed B．heinformedC．washeinformed D．didheinformed7．Ididn’tknowhewasinthepany._______it,I_______then.A．HadIknown;wouldcallonhimB．ShouldIknow;wouldhavecalledonhimC．IfIknew;wouldcallonhimD．HadIknown;wouldhavecalledonhim8．Wehadnofoodleftinourbackpacks,andthingsworse,itbegantopour.A．making B．tohavemade C．havingmade D．tomake9．________inatinycabinetwerefourMother’sDaypoemsI’dwrittenforherinthe1960s.A．Hidden B．Hiding C．Beinghidden D．Tobehidden10．TheInternetisoneofthewaysthesefeelingsareconveyedandperhapsneverbefore______somuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations.A．diditserve B．ithasserved C．wasitserved D．hasitserved11．______theopeningceremonyofthefirstChinaInternationalImportExpoinShanghaiwasPresidentXi,whereheannouncednewmeasurestofurtherexpandopeningup,A．Attending B．Attended C．Toattend D．Havingattended12．—Wereallthevillagersinspectedforthesuspecteddisease?—No.________only10peoplewhowereexposedtotheanimalsinfectedbythevirus.A．Therewere B．Thereare C．Itwere D．Itwas13．Someinstitutionshaveestablishedreadingclubstopromotereading,buttheeffort,though________,isfarfromenough.A．a(chǎn)ppreciated B．a(chǎn)ppreciating C．havingappreciated D．toappreciate14．Itwaswhentheprivatepanysuccessfullylaunchedastronautsintospace__________Iknewitwouldopenupmoreopportunitiesinthespaceindustry.A．which B．how C．where D．that15．Fannyasked________madethatodd-lookinglittlecatsopopular.A．whatwasitthat B．whatwasthatC．whatitwasthat D．whatthatwas16．Onlywhenhealmostknockedherdown______anoldwomanwasinfrontofhiscar.A．hehadfound B．hadhefoundC．hefound D．didhefind17．Charlesiscrazyaboutantiquesandincludedinhiscloset_____acollectionofvasesinvariousshapesandsizes.A．has B．is C．have D．a(chǎn)re18．_____onsmartphonesformunication,relaxationandinformationthatpeopleplayphoneswhilewalkingandeating.A．Suchisthedependence B．SuchdependencedoesC．Sotheyaredependent D．Sodidtheydepend19．ItwasintheLakeDistrict,atouristattractioninEngland________theymeteachotherandbecamefastfriends.A．where B．which C．when D．that20．—Wereallthearticlesofclothingforthemodelscarriedtothefashionshow?—No,_______onlysomeofthem.A．itis B．itwas C．theyare D．theywere21．Designingapowerfulbeginningiscrucialnotonlydoesitmakereadersstaywithyourstory,______youdeveloptheplot.A．doesitalsohelp. B．italsohelps. C．doesalsohelp. D．a(chǎn)lsohelps22．WasitinJune2016______ShanghaiDisneyland______youhavebeendreamingofvisitingwasopenedtothepublic.A．when;that B．that;which C．that;where D．when;where23．Youmaynothavenoticedthatproblem,butyoucouldneverwithdrawit______regretfulaboutyourdecision.A．shouldyoufeel B．youshouldfeelC．hadyouleft D．youhadleft24．Morrisonsaidnotuntilnationaltestingcapacityhadbeenincreased_____＿inAustralia.A．theruleswouldberelaxedB．wouldtherulesberelaxedC．thattheruleswouldberelaxedD．thatwouldtherulesberelaxed25．_______tobuildingamunitywithasharedfutureformankindisChina,whichhasprovidedgeneroussupportandassistance.A．Dedicating B．Dedicated C．Beingdedicated D．Havingdedicated二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Sincethefirstlinein2008,China’shighspeedrailway26(symbolize)acountry’seconomicpower,andincreasingprosperity.Bytheendof2020,thecountryhadmorethan37,900kmofhighspeedraillines27service.Chinaisalsoamongthefirstintheworld28(introduce)newtechnologysuchasautonomoustrainoperation.Chinaismostlikelytoconstructthefirstsuperhighspeedrailwayline29allowstrainstotravelupto1,000kmperhourbetweenShanghaiandHangzhou.The150kilometerrailwayislikelytobringtheHyperloopconceptwhichwasoriginallyproposedin2013into30(real).Sofar,scientistshaveevaluatedsixproposalswiththemostsuitableconstructionconditions.Twowealthycitiesin31easterncoastalareafinallystoodout.Thesuperhighspeedtransportsystemusesthemost32(advance)techniquestotransportpassengersandgoods.Itisreportedthatthetwocoastalcities33(identify)asthemostsuitableinthelastconferenceduetotheirstrongeconomicactivities.Theprojectwillprovidesignificanteconomicpotential34helpChinamaintainitsleadingpositioninhighspeedrailwaytechnology.Severalother35(candidate)havealsobeenconsidered.Apartfromconstructinghighspeedrailroadsinthecountry,Chinaalsoplanstobuildseveralotherstoconnectthecountrywithitsneighbors.三、完形填空Iwasbusyandoftendealtwithcustomeremailsatlunch.Evenfifteenminutesintheemployeelunchroomseemeda36.Mypany,likemanypanies,cutcostsbynot37peopleastheyleft.Thesurvivorshadtotakeupmore38.Forme,this39nolunchhour,plustakingworkhome.Iwantedto40,butIcouldn’tuntilIhadanotherjobinhand.41intheory,butgivenhowannoyedtheextrahoursmademefeel,itwasdifficulttoconvince42employerstohireme.Ifelttrapped.Thenachance43withalittlegirlchangedmyperspective.Thegirlwas44happy,standinginlinewithhermomatthegrocery.“Gooddaya