基于單片機的汽車防盜報警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計-中英文參考資料

BasedonmonolithicintegratedcircuitautomobilesecurityalarmsystemdesignAbstract:Decodestheautomobilesecuritysystemusingthemonlitchisintegratedcircuitinteriorresourcesrealizationjumpcode,iteachtimeusestheremotecontrolpasswordallischanging,bothenhancedthesystemsecurity,andgreatlyreducedthecost.Keyword:Monolithicintegratedcircuit,Automobilesecuritysystem,Code/decodeIntroductionIsunceasinglyprogressivealongwiththesocialeconomyandthehightechrapiddevelopment,intheroutineworkandthelife,theautomobilehasbecomethepeopleidealtransportationvehicle.Butthefollowingmotorvehiclethecasewhichrobbedgraduallyisalsoincreasedhascreatedthepiloteconomicalpropertyloss.Inordertoreducetheautomobiletorobtheeventtheformationrate,forhastheautomobiletheusertoprovidethesafetycontrol,simplydevelopsonekindtobereliable,theeaseofoperation,cansendoutinthediscoverynormalconditiontothepilotreportstothepolicethereminderandthesecuritywarningsafetysystemhasthepracticalsignificance.Thisarticlebasedontotheexistingautomobilesecurityalarmsystemgeneralizedanalysis,developsonekindofbrand-newsecurityalarmsystem.Thissystemhasmainlyusedthejumpcodecode/decodingprinciple,causestheoverallsystemtobesafer,greatlyreducespasswordexplainingrate.1.SystemprincipleofworkTheautomobilesecurityalarmsystemtheremotecontrolwhichcarriesbythedriverandinstallsintheautomobilethecontrollertwopartscomposes.TheremotecontrolandthecontrolleralluseeightCMOSwhichAmericanAT-MELCorporationproducestheAVRmonolithicintegratedcircuit,thisseriesmonolithicintegratedcircuitbasedonnewsimplifiesinstructionRtheISCstructure,includestheservicelifemosttobefewis1,000timewrites/scratchesthecirculationtheFlashprogrammemory,aswellastheservicelifeatleastis100,000timewrites/scratchesthecirculationEtheEPROMdata-carrierstorage,some2onlyhavewhentheentirepiececleaningcancleantheprogrammingencryptionlocksthelocalization.1.1SystemdesignTheautomobilesecurityexaminationusestheultrasonicsensor.Theultrasonicsensoriscomposedbytheultrasonicwavetransmissioncircuitandthesupersonicreceptionelectriccircuit,intheautomobilecabappropriateposition,installstheultrasonicwavelaunch/receiver,aswellasswitchelectriccircuitT1.Whentheautomobileparksthevehicleownerpersonmustleavetheautomobile,withremotecontrolclosedswitchT1,theautomobilealarmsystemsatgarrisonsthecondition,aroundthesystemuseultrasonicwaveexaminationvehicleobstacle.Launchesthepartialelectriccircuitslikeschart1toshow.WhenitsP1mouthP1.1,P1.2totheDtrig,theP1.0controlultrasonicwavelaunch,are0,thephotoelectricitycoupleroutputstheTP1endis1,thepermissionultrasonicwavelaunch,launches/thereceiveultrasonicwaveinturn,thecirculationrepeatedlycarrieson.Simultaneouslythemonolithicintegratedcircuitinteriorcounterstartstocount.Thesteamdistancebetweenvehiclesobstacledistanceisthetimewhichsendsoutthroughthesoundnavigationandrangingreflectsspendsdeterminesandcarriesonthecomputation.ThereflectionsignalcausestheDtriggertoproduceinterruptrequestsignalINT1,simultaneouslystopscounting,readstakescountsthevalue,calculatestheactualdistanceaftertheformula,thencarriesonthecomparisonwiththedatumdistance,ifexamineswhentheactualdistanceisbiggerthanreferencevalue80cm,doesnotcarryontheaccustom-opticstoreporttothepolice;Ifsomepeopleapproachtheautomobiletoenterthecab,theexaminationactualdistanceissmallerthanorwasequaltowhenreferencevalue80cm,throughmonolithicintegratedcircuitP2.2andtheP2.3port,actuatestheindicatinglampdisplaycircuitandthesoundalarmcircuit,sendsoutthreetwoflash.Andtriggersahighlevel,theactuationiswirelesssignaltransmissioncircuit.Chart1Ultrasonicwavetransmissioncircuit1.2Code/decodingprincipleThepresentautomobileremotecontrolsecuritysystemaremanyisusesVD5026/27,PT2262/72,HT12E/Dandsoonthegeneralcode/decodestheelectriccircuit,itspassworddecidedbythecomponentaddress,eachsetofsecuritysystemsuseafixedinvariablepassword.Alongwiththemicroprocessingtechnologydevelopment,throughthereceiveremotecontroltransmittingmessage,mayinterceptthisfixedpassword,moreovergeneralarrangesthedecodingaddresstolosethepersontocarrythecomponentsizelimit,itsquantityisimpossibletoomuch,canobtainnotrepeatedlycodesveryisalsolimited,alsocanveryquicklyexplainthepasswordwiththeautomaticscanner.Therefore,thiskindofpasswordfixedinvariableautomobilesecuritysystemhasreceivedtheseriousthreat.Decodestheautomobilesecuritysystemusingthemonolithicintegratedcircuitinteriorresourcesrealizationjumpcode,iteachtimeusestheremotecontrolpasswordallischanging,withthepasswordnolongerduplicatesuses,causestheinterceptionpasswordalsoismakesafutileeffort,inaddition,itmayincreasetheenoughmanypasswordsfigure,enhancesthesystemresistanceillegalscanningtheability.Theremotecontrolcodingaltogetherhas12bytes,separatelyby3bytescodeschannelscode,3bytescodesforewordsnumber,5bytesjumpscodes,1bytepressedkeyoperationcodeiscomposed.Encodedfrontaddsonlogicineachbyte0totaketheoutsetposition,encodedbehindaddsonalogical1achievementineachbytetostoptheposition,andinmostfrontaddsonseverallogic1totaketheguidancesignal,thisconstitutedtheserialcodedsignalwhichusesintotransmit.Thecodechannelcodeusesintoexpresstheremotecontrolstatus;eachsetofsystemsuseafixedchannelcode.Thecodeforewordnumberusesintorecordtheencodedorder,itsstartingvalueis0,themonolithicintegratedcircuiteverytimecodesatime,thecodeforewordnumberupwardlycountstime.ThecodechannelcodeandthecodeforewordnumberdepositsinmonolithicintegratedcircuitEEPROM,guaranteesthempowercuttheinfluence.Thejumpcodeisthesystematictruepassword,itpassesthroughthecomplexspecialalgorithmbythecodechannelcodeandthecodeforewordnumbertoextract,thisspecialalgorithmforeignsecurity.Thepressedkeyoperationcodebythepressedkeywhichpresseswasdecided,when"thehypothesis"thekeyispresseddown,itscodedecidesas01H;When"relieves"thekeypressesdown,itscodedecidesas00H.Whetheristhedecodingconfirmsreceivethecodelegitimateaseriesofoperatingprocess.Wasconfirmedthelegitimatecodeneedstosatisfythreeconditions;(1)codesthechannelcodeandthedecodingchannelcodeissame;(2)codedtheforewordnumbertobebiggerthanthedecodingforewordnumber(decodingforewordnumbertorecordonlegitimatelyhasusedcodeforewordnumber,thisconditionmightguaranteebeforehasusedcodewasinvalid);(3)jumpsthecodetobeequaltoreusesthespecialalgorithmtoextractchangesthecode.Afterthemonolithicintegratedcircuitconfirmedreceivesisthelegitimatecode,writesthecodeforewordnumberinthedecodingforewordnumber,andcompletescorrespondingoperationprocessingaccordingtotheoperationcode.ThedecodingchannelcodeandthedecodingforewordnumberalsodepositsinmonolithicintegratedcircuitEEPROM,guardsagainstbecauseofpowercutloses.1.3SecurityreportstothepolicerealizationIfwillhaverobberChenZheRutheroom,startstheautomobile,afterwrongpassword,thentheautomobilestoragebattery+12Vvoltage,theignitionelectriccurrentwayignitionlock,theignitionoutage,theengineextinguishes,againstarts,willduplicatetheaboveprocess,likethis,thebanditsandthievesalwayswillnotbeabletostarttheautomobile,willnotbeabletoachieveitsanticipatedgoal.ThealarmcircuitmainlyiscomposedbytheintegratedblockandthespeakerandelectronicswitchingSCR.Triodeorthemultiple-unittube,areforenhancetheelectriccircuitmeasurewhichthepowerbutoftenuses,ithascomposedacurrentamplificationfactorverybigequivalenttransistor,totalenlargementfactorforthesetwoenlargementfactorproduct.SCRistheelectronicswitchingwhichconstitutesbythesilicon-controlledrectifier,theelectriccapacityandtheresistanceconstitutionnegativeboosterconcurrentlyfilter,provides+3+4VtoICthevoltage,ICistracesDrawsupsoundreportstothepolicetheintegratedcircuit,thealarmapparatusbytheSCRcontrol,robsthevehiclethiefonceafterthewrongpassword,thenthestoragebatteryelectriccurrententersthesecuritysystembesidesagroup,anothergroupisstartedintheengine,afterleadstheenginework,naturalcontactoutputvoltage,afterthedifferentiatingcircuit,silicon-controlledrectifierSCRistriggered,alsopassesthroughtheresistancetofallthepressure,thevoltageaddsintheICpowersourceinputend,ICobtainsthevoltageoutputalarm,enlargesafterthemultiple-unittube,Destroysmovesthespeakertosendoutresoundinglyreportstothepolicethesound.whenstaticstate,entireelectriccircuitdoesnotconsumetheelectricity.2.SoftwaredesignThealarmapparatussoftwaredesignmainlydividesinto:Masterroutine(alarmapparatusinitialization,keymodulationanddecoding);Alarmapparatusinterrupthandlingroutine.Thisalarmapparatusinstallsontheautomobilesteeringwheel.Afterinstalls,startsthealarmapparatus,thealarmapparatusautomaticallyretards20~30stostarttowork,inordertoletsusethepersontohavetheenoughtimetolockthegatetoleavetheautomobile.Afterthetimedelaythealarmapparatusentersthevaluetodefendtheactivestatus,oncethevehicledooristurnedonorthewindowpanehitsgarrulously,theoscillationpick-upexaminesthesignal,timedelay20sstartstoreporttothepolice.Thetimedelaygoalisthemasterwhichcausestheautomobileisopeningthegatetoenterthevehicleinternalenergyclosurealarmapparatus,inordertoavoidreportstothepolicebymistake.2.1MasterroutineThispartmainlycompletestoeachseveranceentrancehypothesis,andreportstothepolicethedepositingunitinitializationtoeachfixedunit,establishesthespecialsymbolvalueandtothepressedkeyinterruptsprocessing.Masterroutinedesigndiagramlikechart2shows.Chart2masterroutineframechart2.2AlarmapparatusinterrupthandlingroutineTheburglaralarmdisposalprocedureusestimeseveranceinquiryprocessing,eachtimeseverance,onlyisinquireseachkindofcontrolflagbit,controlseachgroupoutputaccordingtoitscondition.Theprocedurehasnotusedhascirculationprocessingtheway,thereforetimecontrolconclusion,cannoteliminatecontrolstheflagbit,onlyisrepositionsthescene,thewaitingnexttimeseverance,againjudgeswhethercontrolstheconclusion.3.ConcludingremarkUsesautomobilesecurityalarmsystemcostwhichthiskindofmonolithicintegratedcircuitcomposeslow,performancereliable,simultaneouslysettlestheextensiontobeconvenient.Theusejumpcodecode/decodingprinciple,causesthesystemtobesafer,greatlyreducespasswordexplainingrate,willobtainthewidespreadapplicationinthefutureautomobilesecurityalarmsystem.基于單片機的汽車防盜報警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計摘要:應(yīng)用單片機內(nèi)部資源實現(xiàn)的跳變編碼/解碼汽車防盜系統(tǒng)，它每次使用的遙控密碼都在變化，既提高了系統(tǒng)的平安性，又大大降低了本錢。關(guān)鍵詞:單片機汽車防盜系統(tǒng)編碼/解碼引言隨著社會經(jīng)濟的不斷進步和高科技的飛速開展，在日常工作和生活中，汽車已成為人們理想的交通工具。但隨之而來的機動車輛被盜的案件也逐漸增多，造成了駕駛員經(jīng)濟財產(chǎn)的損失。為了減少汽車被盜事件的發(fā)生率，給擁有汽車的用戶提供平安保障，研制一種簡單可靠、操作方便，能在發(fā)現(xiàn)不正常情況下給駕駛員發(fā)出報警提醒和防盜警報的平安系統(tǒng)具有實際意義。本文基于對現(xiàn)有汽車防盜報警系統(tǒng)的綜合分析，開發(fā)出一種全新的防盜報警系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要使用了跳變碼的編碼/解碼原理，使得整個系統(tǒng)更加平安，大大降低密碼破解率。系統(tǒng)工作原理汽車防盜報警系統(tǒng)由司機攜帶的遙控器和安裝在汽車內(nèi)的控制器兩局部組成。遙控器和控制器都用美國AT-MEL公司生產(chǎn)的八位CMOS型AVR單片機，該系列單片機基于新的精簡指令RISC結(jié)構(gòu)，含有使用壽命最少為1000次寫/擦循環(huán)的Flash程序存儲器，以及使用壽命至少為10萬次寫/擦循環(huán)的EEPROM數(shù)據(jù)存儲器，有2位只有在整片擦除時才能擦除的編程加密鎖定位。1.1總體設(shè)計汽車防盜的檢測,采用超聲波傳感器。超聲波傳感器由超聲波發(fā)射電路和超聲波接收電路組成，在汽車駕駛室的適當位置，裝設(shè)超聲波發(fā)射/接收器，以及遙控開關(guān)電路T1。當汽車停放車主人要離開汽車時，用遙控器閉合開關(guān)T1，汽車報警系統(tǒng)處于設(shè)防狀態(tài)，系統(tǒng)利用超聲波檢測車周圍的障礙物。發(fā)射局部電路如圖1所示。它的P1口的P1.1、P1.2對D觸發(fā)器初始化，P1.0控制超聲波發(fā)射，為0時，光電耦合器輸出TP1端為1，允許超聲波發(fā)射，依次發(fā)射/接收超聲波，循環(huán)反復(fù)進行。同時單片機內(nèi)部的計數(shù)器開始計數(shù)。汽車距障礙物的距離是通過聲納發(fā)出到反射回來所花費的時間來測定并進行計算的。反射信號使D觸發(fā)器產(chǎn)生一個中斷請求信號INT1，同時停止計數(shù)，讀取計數(shù)值，經(jīng)公式計算出實際距離，然后與基準距離進行比擬，如果檢測的實際距離大于參考值80cm時，不進行聲光報警；如果有人靠近汽車進入駕駛室，檢測的實際距離小于或等于參考值80cm時，通過單片機的P2.2和P2.3端口，驅(qū)動指示燈顯示電路和聲音報警電路，發(fā)出三聲二閃光。并觸發(fā)一個高電平，驅(qū)動無線信號發(fā)射電路。圖1超聲波發(fā)射電路1.2編碼/解碼原理目前的汽車遙控防盜系統(tǒng)多是使用VD5026/27、PT2262/72、HT12E/D等通用的編碼/解碼電路，其密碼由器件的地址來決定，每套防盜系統(tǒng)使用一個固定不變的密碼。隨著微處理技術(shù)的開展，通過接收遙控發(fā)射信號，就可以截獲到這一固定的密碼，而且一般的編解碼器的地址輸人端受器件尺寸限制，其數(shù)量不可能太多，能得到的不重復(fù)編碼也就很有限，用自動掃描器也能很快破解密碼。因此，這類密碼固定不變的汽車防盜系統(tǒng)已受到嚴重的威脅。應(yīng)用單片機內(nèi)部資源實現(xiàn)的跳變編碼/解碼汽車防盜系統(tǒng)，它每次使用的遙控密碼都在變化，用過的密碼不再重復(fù)使用，使得截獲密碼也是徒勞無功，此外，它可以增加足夠多的密碼位數(shù)，以提高系統(tǒng)抗擊非法掃描的能力。遙控編碼共有12個字節(jié)，分別由3字節(jié)編碼通道碼、3字節(jié)編碼序號碼,5字節(jié)跳變編碼、1字節(jié)按鍵操作代碼組