04 讀后續(xù)寫：成長型(故事構(gòu)造“三部曲”)-高考英語讀后續(xù)寫技巧與訓練(新高考專用)

公眾號：拾穗者的雜貨鋪讀后續(xù)寫：成長類TOC\o"1-3"\h\uPart1：經(jīng)典例文（街邊按鈴） 1Part2：成長類故事構(gòu)造“三部曲” 4第一步：成長前的苦惱（負面情緒塑造） 4第二步：成長中（蛻變塑造） 5第三步：成長后的升華（喜悅+感激+升華） 6Part3：成長類場景描寫 7一、學習知識而成長 7二、發(fā)揮天賦促成長 7三、追逐夢想而成長 8四、克服困難促而成長 8Part4：靈活應用 9例1：一首歌改變了我 9例2：柔道比賽 11Part5：高考真題再現(xiàn)（我的第一份薪水） 13【2021年6月浙江卷】 13Part1：經(jīng)典例文（街邊按鈴）閱讀下面材料。根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。RingaBellMs.Tracylookedupfromheryellownotebookandclearedherthroat.Thenoiseintheclassdieddownasweturnedtowardher."We'regoingtohelpacharitytocollectmoneybyringingabell.Eachofyouwillringitforfourhours,"sheannounced.Asthewordsleftherlips,complaintscouldbeheardaroundtheroom.Unwillingly,Idugformyplannerandlooknotes.Fourhoursofringingastupidbell.FourhoursthatIcouldbestudyingfortheSAT.Wasthissupposedtobeajoke?Ijoinedthestudentsaroundthetableandsignedupfor1hefirstdayofbreak-togetitoverwith.Afewweekslater,Iwasstandingnexttothebigblue-and-whiteWalmart.Therewasanotherguyholdingajaracrossfromme.Great,Iwasgoingtobestuckhereringingabellwithaguywhowastryingtogetdonationsforanothercharity.Totopitoff,itwasonlyabout4.4℃.Slowly,Iputonthereddressbearingthesymbolofowcharity.IhopedthatIalreadyspenttwominutesdoingthat,Ring!Ring!Agroupofolderwomencameupwiththeirwalkingstickstodropinsomechange.Аmanwithаbroad-cimmеdbatcamebyandputsomecoinsin.Icheckedmyphone.Just10minuteshadpassed.Astrongbitterly-coldwindblewagainstmyfreezingface.Iwasstartingtoregretignoringmymom'sadvicetowearascarf.Ilookedup,wishingthattimewouldpassmorequickly.Afewbirdssweptaroundthepoles.Theskywasgentlyblue.Palmtreeswavedinthecoldwind.Howcomfortableitmightbetocurl(蜷縮)upwithahotcupofteaandabookonthecozysofa.Thenanotherringbroughtmebacktoreality.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；Fromtheparkinglotsteppedoutapoorly-dressedman,walkingwithdifficultytowardme._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Inspiredbyhisgenerosity,Icontinuedtoringmybellhappily._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Fromtheparkinglotsteppedoutapoorly-dressedman,walkingwithdifficultytowardme.Isawhisunbalancedshouldersandawkwardfigure.Hishairwasamessandhisshirtwasdirty.Istoppedringingthebell,wonderingwhathewasgoingtodo.Hepulledsomechangeoutofhiswornpocketandreachedtowardsthebucket.Icouldn'thelpbutsay,"Thankyou,sir."Heturnedtosmile.Themoneyhedonatedwasnotalot,butitwasclearlyalottohim.Thisactofcharity,thoughnotmuch,wasworthsomuchmorethandonationsgivenbythosewhowerebetteroff.從停車場從一個衣著不好的男人走出來，艱難地朝我走去。我看到了他那不平衡的肩膀和尷尬的身材。他的頭發(fā)很亂，襯衫也很臟。我不再按鈴了，不知道他要做什么。他從破舊的口袋里掏出一些零錢，伸手向水桶走去。我忍不住要說，“謝謝你，先生。”他轉(zhuǎn)身微笑起來。他捐的錢并不多，但顯然對他來說是很多的。這項慈善行為雖然不多，但比那些富裕的捐款價值得多。Inspiredbyhisgenerosity,Icontinuedtoringmybellhappily.Thebellrangsomerrilythatitattractedmorepeople.Ibroadlysmiledateveryonewhoapproachedme,feelingmeshamefulinsideaboutmyunwillingnessandresistancewhengiventhetask.ItwasstillchillybutIwasbathedinthesunshineofkindness.Manysaythatthesedayspeoplearebecomingmoreandmoreselfish.IsaythatwhoeverbelievesthatneedstogoandringabellforacharityasIdid受他慷慨的啟發(fā)，我繼續(xù)高興地按鈴。鐘響得很愉快，所以它吸引了更多的人。我對所有走近我的人哈哈一笑，當我接受任務時，我的不情愿和抵抗感到可恥。天氣仍然很冷，但我卻沐浴在善良的陽光下。許多人說，現(xiàn)在人們已經(jīng)變得越來越自私了。我說，那些認為需要這樣做的人都會像我一樣去為慈善機構(gòu)打電話【解析】本文以態(tài)度變化為線索展開，講述了作者一開始對于搖鈴的任務很抗拒，在執(zhí)行過程中感受到了人性的溫暖與偉大，慢慢的開始接受并積極起來的故事。1.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“一個衣衫襤褸的男人從停車場出來，艱難地向我走來?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼懽髡咄ㄟ^這個男人的捐贈態(tài)度發(fā)生改變。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“受他慷慨大方的鼓舞，我繼續(xù)愉快地按門鈴。”可知，第二段可描寫作者感受到人性的溫暖，反思自己。2.續(xù)寫線索：不情愿——后悔——感動——積極——感悟3.詞匯激活行為類①向某人走過來：walktoward/upto

②掏出：pulloutof/take/pickout情緒類①感謝：thanksbfor/showone’sappreciation/gratitude/begrateful②感到羞恥：beashamedof/feelashamed【點睛】[高分句型1]:Istoppedringingthebell,wonderingwhathewasgoingtodo.這句話運用了what引導的賓語從句。[高分句型2]：Themoneyhedonatedwasnotalot,butitwasclearlyalottohim.這句話運用了省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句。[高分句型3]：Thisactofcharity,thoughnotmuch,wasworthsomuchmorethandonationsgivenbythosewhowerebetteroff.這句話運用了who引導的定語從句。Part2：成長類故事構(gòu)造“三部曲”第一步：成長前的苦惱（負面情緒塑造）1、孤獨Inevermadefriendseasily(從不容易交朋友),andforatimeIdidlittlemorethangetonspeakingtermswithsomeboys.（2021年4月寧波二模）傷心我在口袋里什么也沒發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個事實就像一把長矛刺進我的心臟，立刻開始流血。Ifoundnothinginmypocket,afactthatseemedlikeaspearpiercingintomyheartwhichstartedtobleedimmediately.（2021年4月寧波二模）看了看周圍，我焦急地幾乎哭了起來。（2021年4月寧波二模）Lookingaroundanxiously,Ialmostburstintocrying.就在我崩潰的時候，克勞利帶領(lǐng)的一群男孩從我身邊走過（2021年4月寧波二模）JustatthetimeIbrokedown,agroupofboysledbyCrawleypassedme.3、慚愧1.Shewasoverwhelmed/overcome/consumedwithguiltandshame(被內(nèi)疚和羞愧淹沒).（2020.11月濰坊高三英語期中考試）2.Suddenlyshecamealive（精神就為之一振）,wavingherarthritic(關(guān)節(jié)炎的)hands.（2021廣二模）3.Awaveofguiltsweptoverme(一陣恐懼向我襲來)andIhadtoadmitthefactthatIhadgonetothemoviesandthatwastherealreasonwhyIwaslate.（2020屆山東省濱州市高三第二次模擬英語試題）4、嘲笑他們大聲地笑著，像是在尖叫“多漂亮的破表?。　保?021年4月寧波二模）TheylaughedloudlywithCrawleyscreamingwordslike“Whatafinestbrokenwatch!”5、絕望我媽媽不讓我?guī)В蔽胰鲋e，絕望在我心中沸騰。（2021年4月寧波二模）“Mymotherwouldn'tletmebringit,”Ilied,desperationboilinginsideme.6、緊張1.Meanwhile,Kariesatrestlesslyinherseatwithherfingerscrossed(她的手指交叉著).（2020.11月濰坊高三英語期中考試）2.Shetoldtheteacherthetruth,withherheartthumping/pounding/pumpinglikeadrum(她的心跳得像打鼓一樣).（2020.11月濰坊高三英語期中考試）3.Havingpacedupanddownrestlessly(不安地來回走動)infrontofthetheteacher'soffice,shefinallygatheredcourageandploddedin.（2020.11月濰坊高三英語期中考試）7、害怕Iunknowingly(不知不覺地)avoidedinteracting(interact)withanyonebecauseIwasafraidthey’dlaughinmyface(我很害怕他們會當面取笑我).（2021沈陽市一模）第二步：成長中（蛻變塑造）1、驚訝Raisinghereyebrowsinsurprise,MrsRossifroze,asifrootedontheground（仿佛定格在那里）.（2021廣二模）2、希望Jaycelookeduptohim,hiseyessparklingwithhopeanddetermination（閃爍著希望和決心）.（2021年汕頭一模）3、教育與成長1.“That’snottherightway.Patience,Will.Patience,”avoiceechoedinmyears(一個聲音在我耳邊回響)aftertheboysleft.（2021年4月寧波二模）2.“Whatwasdonewasdone,”thoughtItomyself.“Whatisimportantnowistodocorrectthingsnext(現(xiàn)在重要的是下一步要做正確的事情).”（2021年4月寧波二模）3.盡管憤怒、尷尬和悲傷重重地籠罩在空氣中，但這個聲音還是讓我意識到我在試圖給同學留下深刻印象時犯下的錯誤。（2021年4月寧波二模）Thoughanger,embarrassmentandsadnesshungheavilyintheair,thevoicedrewmetotheawarenessofthemistakesIhadmadewhenIattemptedtoimpresstheboys.第三步：成長后的升華（喜悅+感激+升華）1、喜悅1.Kariegrinned(grin)asshereadthelabelonthebox.（2020.11月濰坊高三英語期中考試）2.Dadlookedatthepaper,withhislipscurvingintoasmile（他的嘴唇彎成了微笑）.（2020.11月濰坊高三英語期中考試）3.Hearingthat,Kariegrinnedfromeartoear,awaveofhappinessfloodingoverher（幸福的浪潮涌上她的心頭）.（2020.11月濰坊高三英語期中考試）2、感激Ilookedather,tearsofloveandgratitude(感動和愛的淚水)wellingupinmyeyes.（2021沈陽市一模）3、升華句1.我確信，將來每當我失去耐心時，我都會記住祖父的話。（2021年4月寧波二模）IknewforsurethateverytimeIlostpatienceinthefutureIwouldremembermygrandfather’swords.2.這是我第一次真正體會到這份禮物的意義——耐心。（2021年4月寧波二模）ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadtrulyrealizedthemeaningofthegiftpatience.然而，從那時起，我保證這只破表會一直提醒我耐心等待，直到真相出現(xiàn)。（2021年4月寧波二模）Aramsaid,“Thanks,MrsRossi,forteachingmehowtomakeacaketorealizemydream（實現(xiàn)我的夢想）.”MrsRossiheldhishands,saying,“Itisyouwhoteachmehowtosticktomydream(堅持我的夢想).”（2021廣二模）4、ItdawnedonAramthat（Aram突然想到）“Oneshouldsticktohis/herdreamnomatterwhathappens.”（2021廣二模））Part3：成長類場景描寫一、學習知識而成長知識就是力量！在改變的過程中，學習不同的知識，然后才能面對各種困難和挑戰(zhàn)。比如屏幕前的你，不就是在學習讀后續(xù)寫的技巧嗎？請看下面的例句，也是我送給正在學習的你。It'snevertoolatetolearn.Eachindividualhastherighttoacceptmorechallengesandmakemore

attempts.學習永遠為時不晚。每個人都應該并且有權(quán)利去接受更多的挑戰(zhàn)，做更多的嘗試。【分析】individual這里表示“個人，個體”。makemore

attempts做更多嘗試。二、發(fā)揮天賦促成長認識自身天賦，并且發(fā)揮天賦，這是改變我們的現(xiàn)狀的一個重要條件。請看下面的例句。Actually,everyindividualpossessestalent.Bebravewhenyoufinditandalsomakeefforts.Youcancreatemiraclesintheend.

事實上，每個人都有天賦，發(fā)現(xiàn)它的時候要勇敢，也要付出努力，最終你會創(chuàng)造奇跡?！痉治觥縫ossess擁有。createmiracles表示創(chuàng)造奇跡。三、追逐夢想而成長永遠不要忽視了夢想的力量！“做人如果沒有理想,跟咸魚有什么區(qū)別呢”。請看下面兩個例句。

It'snevertoolatetogoforyourdream.Aslongasyougraspeveryopportunityandtakefulladvantageofit,youwillstandachancetorealizeyourdreams.追夢永遠不晚。只要你抓住機會，充分利用機會，你就有機會實現(xiàn)夢想。Aslongaswedaretodreamanddon'tletdifficultiesgetinourway,anythingispossible.只要我們敢于夢想，不被困難所阻擋，一切皆有可能?！痉治觥縯akefulladvantageof充分利用，realizeyourdreams表示“實現(xiàn)夢想”四、克服困難促而成長只有克服各種苦難，才能改變現(xiàn)狀。請看下面的例句。Thejourneytosuccessisnotsmooth.Itisfullofchallengesanddifficulties.Weshouldbebravetofacethem.Aslongaswedon’tgiveuphopeandmakeeveryefforttoovercomeallthedifficulties,wewillsurelyachieveourgoal(success)finally.通往成功的路不會平坦，充滿挑戰(zhàn)和艱辛。我們要勇敢面對。只要不放棄希望并竭盡全力克服所有困難，我們最終會實現(xiàn)我們的目標（成功）。【分析】smooth表示“平坦的”overcomeallthedifficulties表示“克服困難”；makeeveryeffort表示“做出努力”；aslongas，表示“只要”，引導條件狀語從句。Part4：靈活應用例1：一首歌改變了我閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為150左右。WherewereyouwhenyoufirstheardMyHeartWillGoOn?Youknowthatlovesongthattookovertheworldinthelate1990s,theonethatruledradiosandtelevisionscreens,thattrilledthroughtheairwhenyourangyourneighbour’sdoorbell,orrangoutofaValentine’sDaymusicalcard—thesongwelovetohatenowbecauseitisalmostshamefultoadmithowmuchwelistenedtoitin1998.I’mnofanofthesong,butI’lltellyouonething—itsavedmylife.IrememberwhereIwaswhenIheardthesong,13yearsold,onlyafewweeksawayfromreceivingmyclasseightreportcard.WhenmymotherandIwenttocollectitfromschool,theskiesweregrey.Ontheleftsideofthereportcardwasthefailureofmychoosing—Maths,PhysicsandChemistry—onthebottomoftherighthandsideitsaidNotPromoted(不升級)inredink.Mymother,anEnglishteacherinanotherCalcuttaschool,wastooproudtobegtheprincipalforthethreemarksIneededinChemistrytobepromotedtoclassnine.Iwalkedalong,thinkingofthelastsongIwaswatchingonMTVbeforeweleftforschool.ItwasDion’sall­knowinghitMyHeartWillGoOn:“Youhavecometoshowyou,goon...”IwasafooltohaveeverthoughtthatIcouldgetawaywithnotstudyingandwatchingMTVforhoursonend.Tillclasseight,myfatherhadrefusedtogetacableconnectiononthegroundsthatmybrotherandIwouldforeverbegluedtothescreen,notstudyandfailtheexams.Theyearafterhegaveintohisdesiretowatchlatenightfootball,Iprovedhimright.IfailedclasseightbecauseIwasinlovewiththeBackstreetBoysandwouldwatchMTVallthetimesothatIwouldn’tmissasinglevideo.That’sthewholetruthandthebandwillneverknowthepriceIpaidformylove.Paragraph1：FailingtheyearchangedtheworldasIknewit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Somemonthslater,whenthetalentcompetitionwasannouncedinschool,Iwaspickedforthefinalround.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】FailingtheyearchangedtheworldasIknewit.Overnight,itseemedasthougheverythinghadchanged.Ilostmyfriendsinschoolbecauseeveryconversationwasfilledwithpity,theirs,andshame,mine.IwasstoppedfromwatchingTV.Atschool,someteachersignoredmyraisinghandsbecauseI’dalreadystudiedthetextbeforebutfailed.Iusedtolovesinging,nowmylifewasfilledwithsadness.失敗的這一年改變了我所知道的世界。一夜之間，一切似乎都變了。我在學校失去了朋友，因為每次談話都充滿了我的憐憫和羞愧。我已經(jīng)不再看電視了。在學校，一些老師無視我的舉手，因為我以前已經(jīng)學習過課文，但失敗了。我曾經(jīng)喜歡唱歌，現(xiàn)在我的生活中充滿了悲傷。Somemonthslater,whenthetalentcompetitionwasannouncedinschool,Iwaspickedforthefinalround.Onthedayofthecontest,Istoodbeforetheentireschool,closedmyeyesandsangthesong.Inthatmoment,Irealizedwhat“Youhavecometoshowyou”meanttome—Ihadcometoshowmetomyclassmatesandmyteachers,toshowthemthatIwasn’tjustagirlwhogotheldback,thatfailed,thatIwasgoodforsomething,thatIwasenoughthewayIwas.Sometimes,whenyousinglikeyoumeanthewords,chancesareyoumightwin.幾個月后，當學校宣布了比賽時，我被選中進入了決賽。比賽那天，我站在整個學校面前，閉上眼睛，唱著這首歌。在那一刻，我意識到“我要展示給你看”對我意味著什么——我來給我的同學和老師，讓他們展示我不只是一個女孩。有時候，當你像唱歌的時候，你很有可能會贏的機會。例2：柔道比賽閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為150左右。Sometimesyourbiggestweaknesscanbecomeyourbiggeststrength.Everyonehashisownweakness，butGodalwaysoffershisunexpectedstrengthinhismisfortune.We’dmakefulluseofitjustlikethegirlbelow，wearecertainlyfortunatetobegivenotherblessingsfromHeaven.Thestoryofonegirlwhodecidedtostudyjudo(柔道)despitethefactthatshehadlostherleftarminacaraccident.ThegirlbeganlessonswithanoldJapanesejudoinstructor.Thegirlwasdoingwell.Soshecouldn’tunderstandwhy，afterthreemonthsoftraining，theinstructorhadtaughtheronlyonemove.“Instructor，”thegirlfinallysaid，“Shouldn’tIbelearningmoremoves?Itisn’tfarenoughtolearnjustthis.”“Thisistheonlymoveyouknow，butthisistheonlymoveyou’lleverneedtoknow，”theinstructorreplied.Notquiteunderstanding，butbelievinginherteacher，thegirlkepttraining.Shedidn’tdaretocomplainaboutanythinganditwasapparentthatsinceherteachersaidso，shehadtofollowwithoutanyunhappiness.Severalmonthslater，theinstructortookthegirltoherfirsttournament.Surprisingherself，thegirleasilywonherfirsttwomatches.Thethirdmatchprovedtobemoredifficult，butaftersometime，heropponentbecameimpatientandcharged.Thegirlskillfullyusedheronemovetowinthematch.Stillamazedbyhersuccess，thegirlwasnowinthefinals.Thistime，heropponentwasbigger，strongerandmoreexperienced.Forawhile，thegirlappearedtobeover-matched.Concernedthatthegirlmightgethurt，therefereecalledatimeout.Shewasabouttostopthematchwhentheinstructorinterrupted.“No，”theinstructorinsisted，“Lethercontinue.”Soonafterthematchstartedagain，heropponentmadeacriticalmistake:shedroppedherguard.Instantly，thegirlusedhermovetoholdheropponenttightly.Thegirlhadwonthematchandthetournament.Shewasthechampion.Paragraph1：Onthewayhome,thegirlandherteacherreviewedeverymoveineachandeverymatch.___________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：“Tworeasonsaccountforthatyouwon，”theteacheranswered.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onthewayhome，thegirlandherteacherreviewedeverymoveineachandeverymatch.Thenthegirltookcouragetoaskwhatwasreallyonhermind.“Instructor，howdidIwinthetournamentwithonlyonemove？Isthereanymagicpoweraboutit?Ismyopponentmuchweakerthanme？Pleasetellmethesecret.”Thejudoinstructorandhispupiltalkedexcitedlyaswalkingforward.Shecouldn’twaittoknowtheanswer，buttheinstructorappearedunhurriedly.Finallyheopenedhismouth.在回家的路上，女孩和她的老師回顧了每一場比賽的每一個動作。然后女孩鼓起勇氣問她到底在想什么?！敖叹?，我是怎么只花一步就贏得錦標賽的？”它有什么魔力嗎？我的對手會比我弱得多嗎？請告訴我這個秘密。柔道教練和他的學生興奮地說。她迫不及待地想知道答案，但老師卻急匆匆地出現(xiàn)了。最后，他張開了嘴?！癟woreasonsaccountforthatyouwon，”theteacheranswered.“First，you’vealmostmasteredoneofthemostdifficultthrowsinallofjudo.Second，theonlyknowndefenseforthatmoveisforyouropponenttograbyourleftarm.Itisyourbiggestweaknessthatmakesyouwinthematch.Asaproverbsays，‘Everycoinhastwosides.’Makingfulluseofyourstrengthisyourachievement.Pleaserememberthatinnocasewillyougiveupespeciallyintrouble.Godisfairtoeveryone.”“你贏有兩個原因，”老師回答，“首先，你幾乎掌握了柔道最困難的投擲之一。其次，唯一已知的防守是讓你的對手抓住你的左臂。這是你最大的弱點，讓你贏得了比賽。正如諺語所說，“每枚硬幣都有兩面性。”充分利用你的力量是你的成就。請記住，無論如何你都不會放棄，尤其是在麻煩中。上帝對每個人都是公平的。”Part5：高考真題再現(xiàn)（我的第一份薪水）【2021年6月浙江卷】My

dad,George,onlyhadaneighthgradeeducation.Aquietman,hedidn'tunderstandmyworldofschoolactivities.Fromage14,he

worked.Andhisdad,Albert,tookthemoneymydadearnedandusedittopay

family

expenses.Ididn'treallyunderstandhisworldeither:Hewasalivestocktrucker,andlthoughtthatIwouldsurpass（超過）anythinghehadaccomplishedbythetimelwalkedacrossthestageathighschoolgraduation.Summersinthemid,70swerespentathomeshootingbaskets,hittingabaseball,orthrowingafootball,preparingformy

future

asaquarterbackonafootballteam.Inpoorweather,Ireadaboutsportsorpracticedmytrombone（長號）.ThesummerbeforemyeighthgradeIwasoneofagroupofboysthataneighboring

farmer

hiredtoworkinhisfield.Heexplainedourbasictask,thetractorfiredupandwewereoff,ridingdownthefieldlookingforweedstospraywithchemicals.Afterashortway,thefarmerstoppedandpaintedataweedwhichwemissed.Thenwebeganagain.Thishappenedoverandover,butwesoon

learned

toidentifydifferentgrasseslikecockleburs,lamb's-quarters,foxtails,andthekingofweeds,theprettypurplethistle.Itwas

tiring

work,butIlookedforwardtothepay,eventhoughIwasn'tsurehowmuchitwouldamountto.Athome,mydadsaid,"Ajob'sabigstepto

growingup.

I'mgladyouwillbecontributingtothehousehold."

Mydad'swordsmademe

realize

thatmyearningmightnotbeminetodowithaswished.Mylaborslastedabouttwoweeks,andthefarmersaidtheremightbemorework,butIwasn'tinterested.Idecideditwasnot

fair

thatlhadtocontributemymoney.注意：1．所續(xù)寫短文的詞