新編英語教程5Unit 3

TherewasayoungladynamedBright,Whosespeedwasfarfasterthanlight;ShesetoutonedayInarelativewayAndreturnedonthepreviousnight.

Buller

TheoryofrelativityMyFriend,

AlbertEinsteinUnit3MyFriend,

AlbertEinsteinWhatdoyouknowaboutEinstein?ScientistTheoryofrelativityWhatwashelike?Paragraph1convey–-makeknown(ideas,views,feelings,etc.)toanotherperson.Examples:Maryaskedmetoconveyhergratitudetoyou.Hisrecentbookconveystoushisoutlookonlife.

Conveyalsomeans‘carrysth.(fromoneplacetoanother)’.Example:

Pipesconveyheatfromthecentralheatingsystemtoeverypartofthebuilding.Paragraph1anecdote：short,usuallyamusingstoryaboutsomerealpersonoreventsdownpour:aheavyrainadmirable:causingadmiration;excellentlogic:scienceofreasoningParagraph1wouldbenonetheworseforitswetting–--wouldnotbeharmedbyitsbeingwetnonetheworsefor–--notharmedby;notadverselyaffectedby.并不更差；依然如故Example:Hegotlostinthestreetforquiteawhile,butwasnonetheworseforit.Afterallhisexplanations,Iremainednonethewiser.他講了半天，我還是糊里糊涂。

Paragraph1nonethewiser:不知情，一無所知Afterallhisexplanations,Iremainednonethewiser.他講了半天，我還是糊里糊涂。nonetheless:依然Sheisnonethelessbeautifulforhershabbyclothing.即使她衣衫襤褸，卻仍然美麗。Paragraph1knack:acleverwayofdoingsomething．Example：

Hehasaknackofdoingsumsinherhead，howevercomplicatedtheymaybe．Paragraph1instinctively:intuitively，直覺地，本能地extraordinary：unusualParagraph1InHoffmann’sopinion“simplicity”isthebestwordtodescribetheessenceofEinstein’scharacter.Theabstractnotionofsimplicityisexplainedbyaphraseinthefirstparagraph.Whichisit?

Knackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatter.Paragraph1Mainideaofparagraph1:TheessenceofEinstein:

Simplicity.Paragraph2astoTheyshouldmakedecisionsastowhetherthestudentneedsmorehelp.Andysatdownatthetableandinquiredastowhattheproblemwas.paragraph2pleadwith:ask(someone)verystronglyinabeggingway．Beg.Example：

Thegirlpleadedwithherparentstolethergotoschoolbyherself．paragraph2Summarizeparagraph2.anecdoteparagraph3awen.一thefeelingofrespectandamazementwhenoneisfacedwithsomethingbeinaweof:alsostandinaweof,haverespectaswellasfearandreverencefor敬畏（某人）

Examples：

Hevisitedtheexhibitionandstoodinaweofthefossilsofprehistoricanimals．

Theaudiencelistenedtothelearnedphilosopherinawe．

paragraph3awev.–-causeafeelingofamazementorfear.e.g.Themagician’sperformanceawedusall.awed

adj.–overwhelmedbyrespectandfearintonesofawedamazement–-withvoicequalitiesthatshowedamazementaswellasrespectandfear用敬畏驚訝的語氣paragraph3inflection:thepatternsofstressandintonationinalanguage,intonationparagraph3awry:notinthecorrectpositionorshape;twisted;bent曲的；歪的paragraph3setsomebodyatease:alsoputsomebodyat(his)ease,tofreesomeonefromworryornervousnessTheexaminersoonput(set)thecandidatesatease.主考官很快就使考生們的情緒放松了。paragraph4Thestaggering–andaltogetherendearingrequest–thesurprisingandshocking,almostunbelievable,andyetverypleasantandaffectionaterequeststaggerv.–causeshockeddisbeliefeg:Hisexcessiveconceitandself-confidencestaggeredallhiscolleagues.endearingadj.–causingfeelingofloveandaffectioneg:Mark’steacheransweredhisquestionswithanendearingsmile.paragraph4vestige:atraceofsomethingthatisdisappearingornolongerexistsE.g.:Withtheoverthrowofthemonarchy,allvestigesoffeudalismaregone.paragraph3~4Ananecdote:paragraph3~4WhentheauthorwenttomeetEinstein,hewassetatease.Paragraphs2–4FromthetwoanecdotesrelatedinParagraphs2–4,whatimpressionofEinsteinhaveyougot?

WecanseeEinsteinwasavery?manthoughhewassuchadistinguishedscientist.modestparagraph5infantprodigy:anunusuallygiftedorintelligent(young)persondullard:fool,idiotparagraph5Calculusisabranchofadvancedmathematicswhichdealswithvariablequantities.paragraph5runabreastof:alsorunabreastwith,torunsidebysidewithkeep/beabreastof:toknowallthetimethemostrecentfactsaboutsomethingnon-material使不落后于E.g.:Readthepapersifyouwanttokeepabreastofthetimes.如果想跟得上時代就得讀報紙。

Eventhisarrangementdidnotkeepwagesabreastoftherisinglivingcost.即使這樣的安排也不能使工資水平跟上日益上漲的生活費用。paragraph6study…onhisown–studywithouthelp;studybyhimself

dosthonone’sown–dosthbyoneself.E.g.,Timsolvedthemathematicalproblemallonhisown.beonone’sown–bealone.E.g.,Sallylivesinanapartmentonherown.paragraph6ultimately–--intheend;aftereverythingoreveryoneelsehasbeentakenintoaccount

e.g.:Manyproposalstoimprovemarketinghavebeenputforward,butthedecisionwillultimatelybemadebytheBoardofDirectors.paragraph6hisgeniusburstintofabulousflower(驚人的,難以置信的):hisgreattalentresultsinextraordinarysuccess;hisgreattalentyieldedanincredibleresult.fabulous:from“fable”,nearlyunbelievable驚人的，令人難以置信的E.g.:afabulousfortune一筆巨額財富

afabulousthunderstorm大雷雨paragraph6burstsinto

Ifyouburstintotears,laughter,orsong,yousuddenlybegintocry,laugh,orsing.

Sheburstintotearsandranfromthekitchen.

Shesuddenlyburstintosong.

Whenplantsburstintoleaforflower,theirleavesorflowerssuddenlyopen.(WRITTEN)=breakinto

...rowsofwallflowerspromisingtoburstintobloom.

Ifyousaythatsomethingburstsintoaparticularsituationorstate,youmeanthatitsuddenlychangesintothatsituationorstate.=erupt

Thisweekend‘sfightingisthreateningtoburstintofull-scalewar.paragraph7offshoot:anewstemorbranchofaplant;(figuratively)athingthatisdevelopedfromsomethingelse萌蘗枝條；枝族，旁系；衍生事物Ifonethingisanoffshootofanother,ithasdevelopedfromthatotherthing.E.g.:SouthAfricanoffshootsofBritishcompanies英國公司在南非的分支機構paragraph7theoryofrelativityextraordinarythingsitsfamousoffshoot,E=mc2quantumtheoryoflightnotonlyrevolutionaryseeminglycontradictoryintimatelylinkedtothetheorythatlightconsistsofwavesitconsistssomehowofparticlesYetthisunknownyoungmanboldlyproposedbothatonce---andhewasrightinbothcases,thoughhowhecouldhavebeenisfartoocomplexastorytotellhere.E=mc2Thisisperhapsthemostimportantequationinscience.Estandsforenergy,mformass,andc2

forthespeedoflightmultipliedbyitself.Theformulashowsthatmatter(materialorsubstance),ifentirelychangedtoenergysuchasheatorlight,producesanunbelievableamountofenergy.Inotherwords,theamountofenergyinanyobjectdependsonitsmassandthespeedoflight.Itisthisequationthatmadepossibletheproductionoftheatomicbombandtheuseofnuclearenergy.Quantumtheoryoflight光的量子理論Thisisalsoknownasthetheoryofphotoelectriceffect.ItwasEinsteinwhodevelopedthequantumtheorybypostulating(假定；假設)lightquanta(量子quantum的復數(shù))(calledphotonsbyEinstein),comparabletoenergyquanta,andonthesebasedonhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect.Paragraph5~7ThegrowthofageniusEinstein’sbrieflifehistoryandhistwogreattheoriesparagraph8collaborating:worktogetherTheworkgetsdonemorequicklywhenwecollaborate.我們一旦合作，工作做起來就更快了Duringthewartime,anyonewhocollaboratedmightbesentencedtobeshot.paragraph9Recalcitrant:(isoftenusedtodescribeapersonorananimalthatis)hardtokeepunderone’scontrol.Forexample:

arecalcitrantboy犟男孩

recalcitrantbehavior桀驁不馴的行為

asubjectrecalcitrantbothtoobservationandtoexperiment既難研察又難驗證的課題Trynottopunisharecalcitrantchildseverely,itisbettertoreasonwithhim.paragraph9worry:

Whenananimalworriesitsprey,itshakesit,pullsatit,frightensit,oreveneatsit.Inotherwords,theanimalwillnotstopattackingitsprey.Similarly,Einsteinwouldnotletgoaproblemunsolved,hewouldkeepatit.paragraph9upagainst:(Americancolloquial)facing(adifficulty)Thechairwomanisupagainstthegreatestchallengetoherposition.paragraph9insuperable:impossibletoovercomeparagraph9Alockofhairisasmallbunchofhairsonyourheadthatgrowtogetherandcurlorcurveinthesamedirection.paragraph9quaint:attractivelyunusualorold-fashioned

Manyquaintlittlecottagesmaketheplaceanewtouristattraction.

GrandmaRoseisaquaintoldlady.paragraph9twirl:tocausetocurl捻弄；卷曲；扭轉(zhuǎn)E.g.:twirlone’smoustache拈胡子

Shetwirledherhairroundherfingers.她把頭發(fā)纏繞在手指上。paragraph10Dreamy:Ifyousaythatsomeonehasadreamyexpression,youmeanthattheyarenotpayingattentiontothingsaroundthemandlookasiftheyarethinkingaboutsomethingpleasant.

Hisfaceassumedasortofdreamyexpression.paragraph10Faraway:Ifyoudescribesomeoneortheirthoughtsasfaraway,youmeanthattheyarethinkingaboutsomethingthatisverydifferentfromthesituationaroundthem.

Shesmiledwithafarawaylookinhereyes.paragraph10Inward:Yourinwardthoughtsorfeelingsaretheonesthatyoudonotexpressorshowtootherpeople.

Isighedwithinwardrelief.

...aglowofinwardsatisfaction.paragraph10

comesover:Ifafeelingordesirecomesoveryou,especiallyastrangeorsurprisingone,itaffectsyoustrongly.

AsIenteredthecorridorwhichledtomyroomthateeriefeelingcameoverme.paragraph10furrow:makedeeplinesorfoldsintheskinoftheface,especiallytheforeheadparagraph10aplacidinnercommunion:calmanduntroubledstreamsofthoughtgoingoninhismind.placid:calm;peaceful寧靜的；平靜的；平和的；溫和的E.g.:aplacidtemper平和的性情

aplacidworld平靜的世界paragraph10kickyourselfIcouldhavekickedmyselfyou’regoingtokickyourself

indicatethatyouwereannoyedoraregoingtobeannoyedthatyougotsomethingwrong,stupid,ormissedanopportunity.

Iwasstillkickingmyselffornotpayingattention.paragraph10fathom:cometounderstand;getthetruemeaningofE.g.:Heexplainedtheastronomicalphenomenoninsuchacomplicatedwaythatwecouldhardlyfathomhismeaning.

fathomsomebody’smotives(mystery)弄清某人的動機(秘密)amanhardtofathom難以捉摸的人

Ican’tfathomwhatyoumean.我不能完全猜透你的意思。paragraph11shake:totroublethemindorfeelingsof;upset使心煩意亂;使震驚E.g.:Shewasbadlyshaken(up)bytheaccident.那場事故使她煩心極了。

Hewasshakenbutunhurtintheaccident.在事故中他受了驚嚇，但沒有受傷。paragraph11haggard:

havinglinesonthefaceandhollowplacesaroundtheeyesandinthecheeks,asthroughtirednessorlackofsleep憔悴的，形容枯槁的paragraph11Steergenerallymeans“makeaboatoracargoinaparticulardirection.”Figuratively,steeroftenmeans“direct,”e.g.

steervisitorstothepark,steeraconversationawayfromunpleasantsubjects.Isteeredthediscussionawayfromroutinematters:Idirectedthecourseofourdiscussionawayfromordinarysubjectsparagraph11absorbed:synonyms:engrossed,concentrated,preoccupiedparagraph11

keepatitIfyoukeepatit,youcontinuedoingsomethingthatyouhavestarted,evenifyouaretiredandwouldprefertostop.

Itmaytakeanumberofattempts,butitisworthkeepingatit.paragraph11surcease:(archaic)cessation;pauseE.g.:offersomebodypeaceandsurcease讓某人安寧歇息

findsurceasefromcare找機會散散心paragraph11grope:trytofindsomethingbyfeelingwiththehandsinaplacewhereonecannotseeproperly觸摸，暗中摸（for）；摸索，探索（for,after）E.g.:Hegropedinhispocketforthenotefromhisroommate.paragraph11What,accordingtotheauthor,isEinstein’smostoutstandingtraitasascientist?

Einstein’smostoutstandingtraitasascientistishisconcentrationonhiswork.paragraph11WhydidEinsteininsistonworkinghardwhenhewassobadlyshakenbyhiswife’sdeath?

Becausehardworkcandiverthisattentionawayfromhiswife’sdeath.Paragraph12accomplished:skilled,clever;goodatsomething,thoughnotprofessional熟練的；有造詣的；有才藝的E.g.:anaccomplishedartist精湛的藝術家

anaccomplishedscholar有造詣的學者Paragraph13agitate:shake(aliquid)ormove(thesurfaceofaliquid)about攪動（液體等）；（尤指劇烈地）搖動wiggle:(informal)to(causeto)moveinsmallsidetoside,upanddown,orturningmovements扭動；擺動E.g.:towiggleone’stoesTheywiggleandwagglewhentheywalk.他們走起路來總是以扭一擺的。

Paragraph13WhatrevelationismadethroughEinstein’scommentonBeethovenandMozart’sworks?HiscommentonBeethovenandMozart’sworksrevealshisloveofnaturalsimplicityandthatascientist’sdutyisto“find”andrevealthisinnerbeautyoftheuniverse.Paragraph14plausible:seemingtobereasonableorprobable.Thewordisoftenusedderogatorily.（論點等)貌似有理的;(說法等)貌似真實的E.g.:aplausibleexcuse貌似有理的借口

aplausiblecommentator(liar)花言巧語評論員(說謊大王)Yourreasoningsoundsplausible,butIratherdoubtit.Paragraph14primitively：inaprimitivestyleormanner；simplyParagraph14fledinpanicflee：runawayquicklypanic：

suddenmassfearandanxietyoveranticipatedeventsTherewasapanicwhenthebuildingcaughtfire.大樓起火時，人們一片驚慌。Paragraph14Eachoftheseassumptions,byitself,wassoplausibleastoseemprimitivelyobvious.Buttogethertheywereinsuchviolentconflictthatalessermanwouldhavedroppedoneortheotherandfledinpanic.

Eachoftheseassumptions,whenjudgingbyitself,wassoseeminglyreasonableandself-evident.Butwhentheyareputtogethertheyweresocontradictorytoeachotherthatalessablemanwouldhavediscardedoneortheotherandbeenfrightenedaway.Paragraph14cherish：befondof;beattachedtoPeoplealwayscherishthememoryofthenationalhero.人們永遠懷念這位民族英雄。cherished：

Hedescribedthepictureashismostcherishedpossession.他說那幅畫是他最珍愛的財產(chǎn)。Paragraph14Provided

wegaveupcherishedbeliefsaboutthenatureoftime.Provided(that)Theotherbanksaregoingtobeveryeagertohelp,providedthattheyseethathehasaspecificplan...如果看到他有具體的計劃，其他銀行會很愿意提供幫助。Paragraph15ahouseofcards:anarrangementofplayingcardsbuiltupcarefullybuteasilyknockedover;aplanwhichistoobadlyarrangedtosucceed;aninsecurescheme用紙牌搭成的房子；不可靠的計劃（或制度等）Paragraph15

tamperwith:meddlewith,interferewith;trytochangesomethingwithoutpermission撥弄;胡亂擺弄;篡改;用不正當手段干預

E.g.:Whoaretheytotamperwiththerulesofthegame?他們憑什么擅自修改比賽規(guī)則？

awillthathasbeentamperedwith經(jīng)篡改的遺囑tamperwithawitness(用收買等手段)左右證人Paragraph15Scienceislikeahouseofcards,withconceptsliketimeandspaceatthelowestlevel.Tamperingwithtimebroughtmostofthehousetumblingdown,anditwasthisthatmadeEinstein'sworksoimportantandcontroversial.科學就好像是由很多撲克牌建成的房屋，時間和空間的概念是最底下的那兩張。對時間的胡亂干預會讓大半個房屋倒塌，正是這一點讓愛因斯坦的工作顯得舉足輕重，同時也極具爭議性。Paragraph15wordsfailedhim:hecouldnotfindwordstoexpresshisfeelingsfailv.t.:leavesomeonehelplessatadifficulttimeE.g.:Hewaseagertoclimbtothetopofthehighmountain,buthishealthfailedhim.Paragraph15eloquent:expressingreadily,clearly,effectivelyParagraph15tribute:somethingdone,given,orsaidtoshowrespectoradmirationforsomeone;respect(表示敬意的)禮物;頌辭,稱贊E.g.:HeplacedawreathontheMonumenttothePeople’sHeroesandbowedhisheadintribute.他在人民英雄紀念碑前獻了花圈并低頭致哀。pay(a)tributetosomebody’sgreatachievements贊揚某人的偉大成就。abirthdaytribute生日祝辭anobituarytribute悼辭

Paragraph16Einstein’swork,performedquietlywithpencilandpaper,seemedremotefromtheturmoilofeverydaylife.Buthisideasweresorevolutionarytheycausedviolentcontroversyandirrationalanger.

Einstein’swork,donequietlywithpencilandpaper,seemedfarawayfromthechaosandtroublesofourdailylife.Buthisideasweresonewanddifferentthattheycausedstrongdisagreementandunreasonableangeramongpeople.Paragraph16turmoil:stateofconfusion,chaos,disorderE.g.:Shelikedtoliveinaremotevillagecutofffromtheturmoilofthebustlingcity.Paragraph16controversy:adisputewherethereisstrongdisagreementirrational:unreasonablebelated:aftertheexpectedorusualtime;delayedTheymadeabelatedattempttosaveherlife.他們力圖挽救她的生命，可是已經(jīng)太遲了。Paragraph17serenity:calm,peaceformulate:elaborateconfiscate:totakeapossessionawayfromsomeonebylegalauthority,usuallyasapunishmentParagraph18alert:makesomeonefullyawareof(asituation);warnsomeoneofdangerortroubleE.g.:Itisnecessarytointensifythecampaigntoalertpeopletothedangersofsmoking.Paragraph18heed:topayattentiontosomething,especiallyadviceorawarningheeded:advicewhenmostneededisleastheededParagraph18all-out:usingallavailableresources竭盡全力Theteamisgoingallouttowinthechampionship.這支隊伍將全力以赴奪取冠軍。Paragraph18wrought:thepasttenseandpastparticipleof“work”Paragraph18beyond(above)(all)measure:greatwithoutlimit無可估量，極度，過分withinmeasure適度，不過分E.g.:Whenhediedin1973heleftatreasurealmostbeyondmeasure.他在1973年逝世的時候留下了一筆幾乎無可估量的財富。Mr.Smithisgreedybeyondmeasure.史