Unit6I'mgoingtostudyputerscience知識詳解英語八年級上冊(人教版)

Unit6I’mgoingtostudyputerscience.我打算學(xué)習(xí)計算機科學(xué).單元知識詳解SectionAWhatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?你長大后想成為什么?(教材P41圖片文字)growup長大;成熟;成長講是不及物動詞詞組,其后不跟賓語.grow在此處作不及物動詞,意為“成長,發(fā)育”,指人、動物的成長情況;grow還可意為＂(使)生長,發(fā)育＂,指植物的生長情況.?Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?你長大后打算做什么?Apilot.飛行員.?Plantscan'tgrowwellwithoutwater.沒有水,植物無法很好地生長.典例1(海南中考)Whatareyougoingtobewhenyou________?IwanttobeadoctorlikeWuMengchao.A.growupB.turnupC.getup解析:句意:＂你長大后想成為什么?＂＂我想成為像吳孟超一樣的醫(yī)生.＂growup"長大＂;turnup"開大,調(diào)高(音量、熱量等)＂;getup"起床＂.根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A.cook廚師(教材P411a)cook/k?k/n.廚師v.烹飪;煮講(1)[可數(shù)名詞］廚師?Sheworksasacookinarestaurant.她在一家餐館做廚師.(2)[動詞］烹飪;煮其過去式和過去分詞均為cooked,現(xiàn)在分詞為cooking.常見結(jié)構(gòu):為某人烹制某物cooksb.sth.cooksth.forsb.?Peopleusuallycookinthekitchen.人們通常在廚房做飯.?Momoftencooksusdeliciousfood(=cooksdeliciousfoodforus).媽媽經(jīng)常為我們做好吃的食物.拓cooker[名詞］廚灶,爐具?Thereisanewgascookerinthekitchen.廚房里有一個新燃氣廚灶.語境串記Myuncleisagoodcook.Healwayscooksdeliciousfoodforusandhetakesgoodcareofhiscookers,我叔叔是個出色的廚師.他總是為我們煮美味的食物,而且他非常愛惜他的爐具.violinist小提琴手(教材P41la)violinist/vai?'linist/n.小提琴手講是由＂violin(n.小提琴)＋ist(名詞后綴)＂構(gòu)成的表示職業(yè)的名詞,為可數(shù)名詞.?XueWeiisafamousviolinistinChina.薛偉是中國著名的小提琴演奏家.詞綴學(xué)習(xí)ist是名詞后綴,加在某些名詞后面可用來表示＂(某學(xué)科的)研究者,(某樂器的)演奏者,(某工作的)從事者＂.常見的以ist結(jié)尾的表示職業(yè)的名詞還有:piano鋼琴(去o)+ist,pianist鋼琴家science科學(xué)(ce→t)+istscientist科學(xué)家art藝術(shù)+istartist藝術(shù)家physics物理學(xué)(去s)+ist,physicist物理學(xué)家I'mgoingtopracticebasketballeveryday.我打算每天練習(xí)打籃球.(教材P411c)practicev.練習(xí)講［動詞］(此處用法)其后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式作賓語.?Youshouldpracticethedancingskillsoften.你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常練習(xí)舞蹈技能.?ManystudentspracticerunninginthemorningbecauseoftheP.E.exam.因為體育考試,許多學(xué)生早上練習(xí)跑步.拓［名詞］練習(xí),訓(xùn)練既可作可數(shù)名詞,又可作不可數(shù)名詞.?Ittakesalotofpracticetoplaythepianowell.彈好鋼琴需要大量練習(xí).?ThereisabasketballpracticeeverySunday,每周日有籃球訓(xùn)練.諺Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧.典例2(遂寧中考)Theseforeignersarepracticing_________Chinese.A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.speaks解析:句意;這些外國人正在練習(xí)說漢語.practice后接動詞ing形式,即構(gòu)成＂practicedoingsth."結(jié)構(gòu).故選B.Well,I'mgoingtokeeponwritingstories,ofcourse.嗯,我當然是要繼續(xù)寫故事.(教材P422d)keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事講相當于keepdoingsth..?Ifyoukeeponpracticing,youwillsucceed.如果你堅持練習(xí),你就會成功.?Ifyouwanttoimproveyourpronunciation,keeponpracticingeveryday.你如果想改善你的發(fā)音,請每天堅持練習(xí).典例3(邵陽中考)HowcanIimprovemypronunciation(發(fā)音),madam?Keepon________andyou'llmakeprogress,A.practiceB.practicingC.topractice解析:句意:＂我怎樣才能提高我的發(fā)音(水平),夫人?＂＂繼續(xù)練習(xí),你會取得進步的.”keepondoingsth."繼續(xù)做某事＂.故選B.Myparentswantmetobeadoctor,butI'mnotsureaboutthat.我父母想讓我成為一名醫(yī)生,但是我對此還不確定.(教材P422d)besureabout確信;對······有把握講同義短語為besureof.besureabout/of對(做)某事有把握?Areyousureabout/ofthat?你對那件事有把握嗎??Iamquitesureabout/ofpassingtheexam.我非常確信能通過考試.拓besure的其他常見用法:besuretodosth.務(wù)必做某事常用在祈使句中,表示說話人對對方提出要求.一定做某事表示說話人的推測或判斷.主語通常是人,也可以是物.besure+(that)從句肯定······主句的主語一般是人.?Besuretogiveyourfamilymyregards.務(wù)必代我向你的家人問好.?Isitsuretosnowtonight?今晚一定會下雪嗎??Whatalovelyday!I'msurewe'llhaveagoodtriptoday.多么美好的一天！我確定我們今天會有一場愉快的旅行.典例4(鐵嶺中考)Youaregoingtogetmuchexercise.Areyou_______that?Ofcourse.Ipromisetokeepit.A.proudofB.thirstyforC.sureaboutD.interestedin解析:beproudof"為······感到驕傲＂;bethirstyfor"渴望·····";besureabout"確信＂;beinterestedin"對······感興趣＂.句意:＂你打算多加鍛煉.你對此確定嗎?＂＂當然,我承諾要堅持.＂根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)選C.Justmakesureyoutryyourbest.只要確保你盡最大努力就行.(教材P422d)makesure確保;查明講(1)確保,設(shè)法保證(此處用法)常見用法如下:makesure+(that)從句確?！ぁぁぁぁぁ?that常省略)makesureof(doing)sth.確保(做)某事?Thereisanewruletomakesurethatyoudon'twastefood.為了確保你們不浪費食物,出臺了一條新規(guī)定.They?scoredanothergoalandmadesureofvictory,他們又進了一個球,這就贏定了.(2)查明?Ithinkthedoorislocked,butI'lljustgoandmakesure.我覺得門已經(jīng)鎖上了,不過我還是去看看好放心.典例5根據(jù)所給中文提示完成句子翻譯.(鞍山中考)在你離開教室之前,確保窗戶都關(guān)好.__________________thewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.答案:MakesureShe'sgoingtostudyeducation.她打算學(xué)習(xí)教育學(xué).(教材P433a)education/ed?u'ke??n/n.教育;教育學(xué)講education［不可數(shù)名詞］教育學(xué)(此處含義)［不可數(shù)名詞］教育特指某一種或某一段教育(其前通常有修飾詞)時,其前可用不定冠詞a/anagoodeducation良好的教育primaryeducation初等教育acollege/universityeducation大學(xué)教育preschooleducation學(xué)前教育?Laboreducationisimportantforstudents'development.勞動教育對學(xué)生的發(fā)展很重要.?Moststudentshopetogetagoodeducationandfindagoodjob.大多數(shù)學(xué)生希望接受良好的教育,然后找到一份好工作.?InChina,primaryeducationisgiventopupilsbetweenagesof6and12.在中國,初等教育的對象是6到12歲的小學(xué)生.I'mgoingtostudymedicineatauniversity.我打算在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué).(教材P433b)medicine/'medsn,'medisn/n.藥;醫(yī)學(xué)講(1)[不可數(shù)名詞］醫(yī)學(xué)?TheyoungDarwinwenttotheUniversityofEdinburghtostudymedicine.年輕的達爾文前往愛丁堡大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué).(2)藥［不可數(shù)名詞］(通常用法)takemedicine吃藥［可數(shù)名詞］(特指某種藥)?Itis(a)goodmedicineforcough.這是治療咳嗽的良藥.?Pleasetakemedicineontime,andyouwillgetwellsoon.請按時服藥,你會很快康復(fù)的.諺Laughteristhebestmedicine.歡笑是一服良藥.university/ju:n?'v??(r)s?ti/n.(綜合性)大學(xué);高等學(xué)府辨university與collegeuniversity通常指由多個學(xué)院組成的綜合性大學(xué),覆蓋比較全面.college在英國,一般指學(xué)院,也可指高等專科學(xué)校,有時也指university下設(shè)的學(xué)院.在美國,college與university同義.拓gotouniversity/college去上大學(xué)university和college前均不加任何冠詞.特別提醒university雖以元音字母u開頭,但其發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,所以其前有不定冠詞修飾時,應(yīng)用a典例6(無錫中考)Tomwantstostudyat_______universityinEurope,buthasn'tdecidedwhichonetogotoyet.A.anB.aC.theD./解析:句意:湯姆想在歐洲的一所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),但是還沒有決定去哪一所.此處泛指＂一所大學(xué)＂,且university的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,應(yīng)用不定冠詞a.故選B.I'mgoingtowritearticlesandsendthemtomagazinesandnewspapers.我打算寫文章并把它們寄到雜志社和報社.(教材P433c)send/send/v.郵寄;發(fā)送講［及物動詞］郵寄;發(fā)送(此處含義)?Pleasesendmeyouraddressandtelephonenumber.=Pleasesendyouraddressandtelephonenumbertome.請把你的地址和號碼發(fā)給我.?Theletterisimportant.PleasesendittoJack.這封信很重要,請把它寄給杰克.拓(1)send[及物動詞］派遣,打發(fā)sendsb.todosth.派遣某人做某事?TheEmperoraskedMarcoPolotohelphimandsenthimtodomanyimportantjobsalloverthecountry.皇帝請馬可·波羅幫助他,并派他在全國各地做許多重要的工作.(2)sendfor請某人來(幫忙等)?Thebabyisill;sendforadoctorquickly.這個嬰兒生病了,快請個醫(yī)生來.典例7(陜西中考)It'sagoodideatosendtheoldbooks________thechildrenwhoneedthem.A.atB.ofC.toD.by解析:句意:把舊書送給需要它們的孩子是一個好主意.sendsth.tosb."把某物送給某人＂是固定搭配.故選C.SectionB①Soundsinteresting.聽起來很有趣.(教材P441b)②Soundslikeagoodplan.聽起來是個不錯的計劃.(教材P441e)講soundv.聽起來好像［連系動詞］后常接形容詞作表語.(①處用法)soundlike聽起來像后常接名詞(短語).(②處用法)?WouldyouliketovisittheNationalMuseumofChinawithmetomorrow,Amy?埃米,你明天想和我一起參觀中國國家博物館嗎?Soundsnice.聽起來不錯.?Thatsoundslikeafunwaytopracticewriting.那聽起來像是一個有趣的練習(xí)寫作的方法.拓sound[名詞］聲音指自然界的各種聲音.?Ilikelisteningtothesoundoftherain.我喜歡聽雨聲.典例1(2022·襄陽中考)Primaryschoolstudentswillhavethecookingcourse.That_______great.Cookingisanecessarylifeskill.A.looksB.tastesC.smellsD.sounds解析:句意:＂小學(xué)生將有烹飪課程.＂＂聽起來很棒.烹飪是一項必要的生活技能.＂look"看起來好像＂;taste"嘗起來＂;smell"聞起來＂;sound"聽起來好像＂.根據(jù)題干中的＂Primaryschoolstudentswillhavethecookingcourse"可推知,此處是說,那＂聽起來＂不錯.故選D.I'mgoingtolearnanotherforeignlanguage.我打算再學(xué)一門外語.(教材P441b)foreign/f?r?n/,/'f?:r?n/adj.外國的講作形容詞,在句中可作定語和表語.?Whenapersonvisitsaforeigncountry,itisimportanttoknowhowtoaskforhelppolitely.當一個人訪問外國時,知道如何禮貌地尋求幫助是很重要的.?Iknewshewasforeignbythewayshedressed.通過她的穿著我知道她是外國人.拓foreigner[名詞］外國人語境串記TherearemanyforeignersspeakingdifferentforeignlanguagesinShanghai.上海有很多講著不同外語的外國人.典例2根據(jù)漢語提示補全句子.(成都中考改編)Nowovertheyears,realChinesedisheshavebeemoreandmorepopularin_______(外國的)countries.答案:foreignWereyouabletokeepthem?你能把它們堅持下去嗎?(教材P452a)beableto能夠辨beableto與can兩者都可表示＂能夠＂,其后都要接動詞原形.具體區(qū)別如下:beableto可用于多種時態(tài)be動詞隨主語的人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化強調(diào)具體做某件事的能力,表示＂經(jīng)過努力而做成某事”.can只有can和could兩種形式無人稱和數(shù)的變化通常指一般性的能力,表示＂能(做某事)”.?Theyareabletowinthepetition.他們能夠贏得比賽.?Sheisabletofinishreadingthisarticleherself.她能夠自己讀完這篇文章.?WecanspeakEnglish.我們會說英語.?Hecouldswimattheageofsix.他六歲時就會游泳了.拓able[形容詞］能夠其反義詞為unable"未能,無法＂.?Itriedtocontacthimbutwasunableto.我試圖跟他聯(lián)系,卻沒聯(lián)系上.典例3根據(jù)句意及首字母提示填寫單詞.(2022·杭州中考改編)Afterfinishinguniversity,TomcametoChina.Threeyearslater,hewasa_______tospeakgoodChinese.答案:ableIt'sakindofpromise.它是一種承諾.(教材P452b)promise/'pr?m?s/,/'pra:m?s/n.承諾;諾言v.許諾;承諾講(1)[可數(shù)名詞］承諾;諾言(此處含義)常用短語:Promise+makea/one'spromise許下諾言Promise+breaka/one'spromise違背諾言Promise+keepa/one'spromise信守諾言?Ifyoumakeapromise,youmustkeepit.如果你許下諾言,你就必須信守.?Igotangrywhenhebrokehispromise.當他違背諾言時,我生氣了.(2)[動詞］許諾;承諾常用結(jié)構(gòu):promise(not)todosth.許諾(不)做某事;答應(yīng)(不)做某事promisesb.sth.=promisesth.tosb.向某人承諾某事promise+(that)從句許諾····?Beforesettingout,WangYapingpromisedtopickastarforherdaughter.出發(fā)前,王亞平答應(yīng)給女兒摘一顆星星.?Hepromisedhisgrandsonabike.=Hepromisedabiketohisgrandson.他許諾給他的孫子買一輛自行車.?IpromiseIwillworkhardernextterm,MissLi.李老師,我保證下個學(xué)期會更加努力地學(xué)習(xí).典例4根據(jù)漢語提示填寫單詞.(日照中考)Theboy_______(承諾)hewouldn'tbelateforschoolanymore.答案:promisedWhenwemakeresolutionsatthebeginningoftheyear,wehopethatwearegoingtoimproveourlives.當我們在新年伊始做決定時,我們希望會改善自己的生活.(教材P452b)atthebeginningof在······開始講其反義短語為attheendof"在······結(jié)尾／末端”.?Atthebeginningofeverychapter,there'sashortpoem,在每一章的開頭都有一首短詩.?Attheendoftheparty,wesangasong.聚會結(jié)束時,我們唱了一首歌.拓含beginning的其他常用短語;inthebeginning起初;一開始Inthebeginning,Ihadnointerestinphysics.起初,我對物理學(xué)不感興趣.frombeginningtotoend.這個故事我從頭到尾都Iknowthestoryfrombeginningend從頭到尾了解.典例5用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空.(鹽城中考)Atthe_______(begin)oftheconcert,TanDunplayedapieceofmusicwithwater.答案:beginningimprove/?m'pru:v/v.改進;改善講(1)[及物動詞］(此處用法)?Thesetipsareusedtoimproveyoursocialskills.這些建議是用來提高你的社交技能的.(2)[不及物動詞］?Theirworkingconditionsareimproving.他們的工作環(huán)境正在改善.拓improvement[名詞］改進,改善selfimprovement[名詞］自我改進;自我提高?Improvementsintechnologyoftenhappenovernight.技術(shù)的進步往往在一夜之間發(fā)生.?SomepeopleusetheInternettokilltimewhileothersuseitforselfimprovement.一些人使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來消磨時間,而另一些人則用它來進行自我提升.典例6根據(jù)句意及首字母提示填寫單詞.(大慶中考改編)Onthewebsite,youcanchat(聊天)withothersinEnglishtoi_______yourspokenEnglish.答案:improveSomepeoplewritedowntheirresolutionsandplansfortheingyear,一些人寫下他們來年的決定和計劃.(教材P452b)writedown寫下;記錄下講是＂動詞＋副詞＂型短語.writedown+名詞＝write+名詞＋downwrite+代詞＋down?Writedownyourideas.Writeyourideasdown.寫下你的想法.?Thesearenewwords.Writethemdown.這些是生詞,把它們寫下來.拓常見的＂動詞＋down"短語:falldown跌倒cutdown砍倒;削減liedown躺下breakdown出故障diedown逐漸變?nèi)鮰urndown把······調(diào)低;拒絕lookdown向下看putdown放下;記下takedown拆除;寫下godown倒下;下沉典例7根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子.(盤錦中考改編)畢業(yè)典禮上,學(xué)生們在簽名冊上寫下了自己的名字.Students_______________theirnamesinthealbumatthegraduationceremony.答案:wrotedown/tookdown/putdownSomepeoplemightsaytheyaregoingtotakeupahobbylikepaintingortakingphotos,orlearntoplaytheguitar.一些人可能會說他們打算培養(yǎng)一種愛好,比如畫畫、攝影或者學(xué)習(xí)彈吉他.(教材P452b)takeup(尤指為消遣)學(xué)著做;開始做講其后常跟名詞或動詞ing作賓語.?Shesaysanyonecantakeupliondancing.她說任何人都可以學(xué)習(xí)舞獅.?I'mgoingtotakeupcookingbecauseIlikeeatingdeliciousfood.我打算學(xué)烹飪,因為我喜歡吃美味的食物.拓占用(時間);占據(jù)(空間)?Iwouldn'ttakeuptoomuchofyourtime.我不會占用你太多的時間.?Thenewfridgetakesuptoomuchroom.新冰箱占據(jù)了太多空間.典例8根據(jù)句意,在空格處填上一個恰當?shù)脑~,使句意完整、通順.(2022·岳陽中考改編)Whydostudentshavefreetimeto_______uptheirhobbies?BecauseChinahasintroducedthe"doublereduction"policy("雙減＂政策).答案:takepaint/pernt/v.用顏料畫;在······上刷油漆;n.油漆;繪畫顏料講(1)[動詞］用顏料畫;在······上刷油漆(此處用法)paintsth.+顏色把某物漆成······顏色?Ipaintedthewallwhitelastmonth.上個月,我把墻漆成了白色.(2)[名詞］油漆;繪畫顏料?Carefulthepaintisstillwet.小心油漆未干.語境串記Shebeganpainting(v.)withoilpaints(n.)attheageof7.她七歲時開始用油畫顏料畫畫.Someresolutionshavetodowithbetterplanning,likemakingaweeklyplanforschoolwork.有些決定與更好的規(guī)劃有關(guān),比如為功課制訂周計劃.(教材P452b)havetodowith關(guān)于;與······有關(guān)系講havemuch/something/nothingtodowith與······有很大關(guān)系／有些關(guān)系／無關(guān)?Herpaperhastodowithgeneticengineering.她的論文與遺傳工程有關(guān).?Forme,happinesshasnothingtodowithmoney,Havingalovingandcaringfamilyisenough.對我來說,幸福與金錢無關(guān).有一個充滿愛和關(guān)懷的家庭就足夠了.典例9根據(jù)所給中文完成句子.(常州中考)一些人認為成功與運氣有關(guān).Somepeoplethink____________________.答案:successhassomethingtodowithluckweekly/'wi:kli/adj.&adv.每周的(地)講(1)[形容詞］每周的只用于名詞前作定語.?TheBigIssueisaweeklymagazinelaunchedin1991tohelphomelesspeople.TheBigIssue是1991年發(fā)行的周刊,旨在幫助無家可歸的人.(2)[副詞］每周地?Hewritesalettertohisparentsweekly.他每周給父母寫一封信.拓weekly[可數(shù)名詞］周報,周刊其復(fù)數(shù)形式為weeklies.?Iboughttwoweekliesyesterday.昨天我買了兩份周報.Sometimestheresolutionsmaybetoodifficulttokeep.有時這些決定可能太難而無法堅持下去.(教材P452b)too...to...太······而不能······講其中too為副詞,其后跟形容詞或副詞原級;to為不定式符號,后接動詞原形.?Thissoupistoosaltytoeat.這湯太咸了,不能喝.拓too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)可以和so/such…that...(如此······以至于······)以及not...enoughtodosth.(不夠······而不能做某事)進行同義轉(zhuǎn)換.?他年紀太小,不能獨自一人去上學(xué).Heistooyoungtogotoschoolonhisown.Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschoolonhisown.Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschoolonhisown.特別提醒Too…to.,,結(jié)構(gòu)中,too前有否定詞(如never)時,表達肯定意義.諺It'snevertoolatetolearn.活到老,學(xué)到老.諺It'snevertoolatetomend.亡羊補牢,猶未為晚.典例10按要求完成句子,每空一詞.(2022,上海中考)Afterhearingthenews,Tomwassoexcitedthathecouldn'tfallasleep.(保持句意基本不變)Afterhearingthenews,Tomwas_______excited_______fallasleep.答案:too;toToquestiontheideaofmakingresolutions質(zhì)疑做決定的想法(教材P462c)question/'kwestf?n/v.表示疑問;懷疑;提問;質(zhì)詢講(1)[動詞］表示疑問;懷疑(此處用法)?Noonedarestoquestionhisdecisions.沒有人敢質(zhì)疑他的決定.(2)[動詞］提問;質(zhì)詢?Theyquestionedheronherrelationshiptothechild.他們詢問了她和那個孩子的關(guān)系.拓［可數(shù)名詞］問題?Canyouanswermyquestions?你能回答我的問題嗎?Togivethemeaningofresolution給出＂決定＂的含義(教材P462c)meaning/'mi:nin/n.意義;意思講［可數(shù)名詞］＆［不可數(shù)名詞］themeaningof...·.··的意思?Doyouknowthemeaningofthisword?你知道這個單詞的意思嗎??Shebegantorealizethemeaningoflifeaftertheaccident.那次事故之后,她開始認識到生命的意義.?EachshapeoftheChineseknothasitsownmeaning.每種形狀的中國結(jié)都有它本身的含義.Todiscussthedifferentkindsofresolutions討論不同類型的決定(教材P462c)discuss/d?'sk?s/v.討論;商量講［動詞］相當于talkabout.discusssth,withsb.和某人討論／商量某事?WewillmeetnextMondaytodiscusstheprojectagain.我們將在下周一再次討論這個項目.?Ifyouhavedifficultyinmakingadecision,discussitwithyourparents.如果你做決定有困難,和你的父母討論一下.典例11根據(jù)句意及漢語提示填寫