廣西民族大學外國語學院《817寫作與翻譯》歷年考研真題匯編

目錄

2015年廣西民族大學817寫作與翻譯考

研真題

2014年廣西民族大學817寫作與翻譯考

研真題

2013年廣西民族大學817寫作與翻譯考

研真題

2012年廣西民族大學817寫作與翻譯考

研真題

2011年廣西民族大學825寫作與翻譯考

研真題

2010年廣西民族大學825寫作與翻譯考

研真題

2009年廣西民族大學825寫作與翻譯考

研真題

2015年廣西民族大學817寫作與翻譯考研真題

廣西民族大學

2015年碩士研究生入學考試初試自命題科目試題

（試卷代號：A卷）

科目代碼：817

科目名稱：寫作與翻譯

適用學科專業(yè)：外國語言學及應用語言學

研究方向：外國語言學、英語教育

考生須知

1．答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試題上無效。

2．答題時一律使用藍、黑色墨水筆作答，用其它筆答題不給分。

3．交卷時，請配合監(jiān)考人員驗收，并請監(jiān)考人員在準考證相應位置簽

字（作為考生交卷的憑證）。否則，產生的一切后果由考生自負。

PartI.Translation(80points)

1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(40points)

（1）國際形勢的發(fā)展一再表明，中美兩國在維護亞太和世界的和平與

穩(wěn)定，促進地區(qū)和全球經濟的增長與繁榮，打擊恐怖主義和其它跨國犯

罪，以及解決環(huán)境惡化等全球性問題上，都負有重要的責任，擁有廣泛

的共同利益。中美友好合作符合兩國人民的意愿，順應歷史發(fā)展的潮

流。只要雙方相互尊重，平等相等，求同存異，中美關系就能健康、穩(wěn)

定地向前發(fā)展。

（2）在中國，即使孩子已成年，父母對他們的愛仍然能讓孩子們透不

過氣。不過以局外人的觀點來看，這看起來像個令人哭笑不得的黑色幽

默。據一條新聞報道，在北京郊區(qū)，許多父母早上5點就起床排隊等公

交。這般早起卻不是為了自己，而是為了他們在北京市中心上班的子

女。這些年輕人每天要花四五個小時坐車往返，他們的父母幫他們排

隊，這樣他們就可以多睡半個小時。

（3）我仰起頭。天空低垂如灰色霧幕，落下一些寒冷的碎屑到我臉

上。一只遠來的鷹隼仿佛帶著憤怒，對這沉重的天色的憤怒，平張的雙

翅不動地從天空斜插下，幾乎觸到河溝對岸的土阜，而又鼓撲著雙翅，

發(fā)出猛烈的聲響。那樣巨大的翅使我驚異。我看見了它兩脅間斑白的羽

毛。接著聽見了它有力的鳴聲，如同一個巨大的心的呼號，或是在黑暗

里尋找伴侶的叫喚。然而雨還是沒有來。

2.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

(1)Apple’sstellarriseisatestamenttothegrowinginfluenceofthedigital

worldintheglobaleconomy.Oilremainsavitalrawmaterial,butbitsand

byteshavebecomeonetoo.Apple’sascensionisalsoasignofchanging

timesinthetechnologyindustry.Onitswaytothetopofthevaluation

stakes,thecompany,whichfocusesprimarilyonconsumertechnology,has

leap-froggedmorebusiness-orientedtechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandIBM.

(2)Knowinghowvaluablefriendshipis,weshouldbeverycarefulinmaking

friends.Realfriendsarethosewhohavegoodcharacter,superiorabilityand

kindnessofheart.Realfriendscansharealloursorrowsanddoubleallour

joys.Whilemakingfriends,weshouldtakecaretoselectthosewhohave

suchfinequalities.Thenweshouldtreatourfriendswithcourtesy,becareful

nottointerfereunreasonablywiththem,andnottoridiculetheirproceedings.

Weshouldforgivetheirfailuresanddoourbesttohelpthem.

（3）Whatismeantbyliterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,it

isheldtoconcludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequired

todisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeaware

thatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneral

andcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,or

professionalormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfinthe

shapeofabook,willnotbelongtoliterature.Sofarthedefinitioniseasily

narrow;anditisaseasilyexpanded.Fornotonlyismuchthattakesastation

inbooksnotliterature,butinversely,muchthatreallyisliteraturenever

reachesastationinbooks.

PartII.Writing(70points)

Readthefollowingpassageandwriteanessayofabout500words.You

shouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.Markswillbeawardedfor

content,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

根據《2017年高考改革方案》，2016年，英語將正式退出新高考（也就

是6月7、8兩天將沒有英語考試），但是學生的會考成績計入高考總分

（A等100分，B等85分，C等70分），學生可以多次報考會考，最終以

最好成績?yōu)闇?；?016年之前，高考英語分值逐年降低：2015年，英語

120分，相應的，語文將提高到180分;2016年，英語100分（會考），語

文提高到200分。

2014年廣西民族大學817寫作與翻譯考研真題

廣西民族大學

2014年碩士研究生入學考試初試自命題科目試題

（試卷代號：A）

科目代碼：817

科目名稱：寫作與翻譯

適用學科專業(yè)：外國語言學及應用語言學

研究方向：外國語言學、英語教育

考生須知

1．答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試題上無效。

2．答題時一律使用藍、黑色墨水筆作答，用其它筆答題不給分。

3．交卷時，請配合監(jiān)考人員驗收，并請監(jiān)考人員在準考證相應位置簽

字（作為考生交卷的憑證）。否則，產生的一切后果由考生自負。

PartI.Writing(70points)

1.Writeasummaryofthefollowingpassageinabout100words.（20

points）

Humanmigration:thetermisvague.Whatpeopleusuallythinkofisthe

permanentmovementofpeoplefromonehometoanother.Morebroadly,

though,migrationmeansalltheways—fromtheseasonaldriftofagricultural

workerswithinacountrytotherelocationofrefugeesfromonecountryto

another.

Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’s

solution,everyone’sconflict.Asthecenturyturns,migration,withits

inevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatest

challengesofthecomingcentury.”

Butitismuchmorethanthat.Itis,ashasalwaysbeen,thegreatadventureof

humanlife.Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,

shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.

TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,

humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferent

conditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitablefora

newniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,and

inequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.Thefirstfactorgaveusthekeysto

thedoorofanyroomontheplanet;theothergaveusreasonstousethem.

Overthecenturies,asagriculturespreadacrosstheplanet,peoplemoved

towardplaceswheremetalwasfoundandworkedandtocentresof

commercethatthenbecamecities.Thoseplaceswere,inturn,invadedand

overrunbypeoplelatergenerationscalledbarbarians.

Inbetweenthesestormsurgesweresteadierbutsimilarlyprofoundfidesin

whichpeoplemovedouttocolonizeorwerecapturedandbroughtinas

slaves.ForawhilethepopulationofAthens,thatcityoflegendary

enlightenmentwasasmuchas35percentslaves.

“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthe

greatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationanda

professorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldme

recently.

Itisdifficulttothinkofanygreateventsthatdidnotinvolvemigration.

Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemand

madenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplaced

thousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurs

likemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheir

bedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.“It’spartofour

nature,thismovement,”Millersaid,“It’sjustafactofthehuman

condition.”

2.Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.(50points)

Directions:Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmain

argument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwith

appropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittento

anaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarand

appropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinaloss

ofmarks.

“Educationisexpensive,buttheconsequencesofafailuretoeducate—

especiallyinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld—areevenmoreexpensive”

PartII.Translation(80points)

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

WinnerandLoser

Thewords“winner”and“l(fā)oser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoa

personasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhobeatstheotherguybywinning

overhimandmakinghimlose.Tous,awinnerisonewhoresponds

authenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothas

anindividualandasamemberofasociety.Aloserisonewhofailsto

respondauthentically.

Fewpeopleare100percentwinnersor100percentlosers.It’samatterof

degree.However,onceapersonisontheroadtobeingawinner,hischances

aregreaterforbecomingevenmoreso.

Winnershavedifferentpotentials.Achievementisnotthemostimportant

thing.Authenticityis.Theauthenticpersonexperiencestherealityofhimself

byknowinghimself,beinghimself,andbecomingacredible,responsive

person.Heactualizeshisownunprecedenteduniqueness,andappreciatesthe

uniquenessofothers.

Awinnerisnotafraidtodohisownthinkingandtousehisownknowledge.

Hecanseparatefactsfromopinionanddoesn’tpretendtohaveallthe

answers.Helistenstoothers,evaluateswhattheysay,butcomestohisown

conclusions.Whilehecanadmireandrespectotherpeople,heisnottotally

defined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

Awinnercanbespontaneous.Hedoesnothavetorespondinpredetermined,

rigidways.Hecanchangehisplanswhenthesituationcallsforit.Awinner

haszestforlife.Heenjoyswork,play,food,otherpeople,andtheworldof

nature.

2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(40points)

文學批評無用論

讀最近一期的《文學評論》，里面有幾篇關于“紅學”的文章，引起了我

的注意。有的作者既反省，又批判。有的作者從困境中找出路。有的作

者慨嘆，“紅學”出危機。如此等等，煞是熱鬧。文章的論點都非常精

彩，很有啟發(fā)。但是，我卻忽然想到了一個怪問題：這樣的“紅學”有用

處嗎？對紅學家本身，對在大學里和研究所里從事文學理論研究的人，

當然有用。但是對廣大的《紅樓夢》的讀者呢？我看是沒有用處。

《紅樓夢》問世二百年以來，通過漢文原文和各種譯文讀過本書的人，

無慮多少個億。這樣多的讀者哪一個是先看批評家的文章，然后再讓批

評家牽著鼻子走，按圖索驥地去讀原作呢？我看是絕無僅有。一切文學

作品，特別是像《紅樓夢》這樣偉大的作品，內容異常地豐富，涉及到

的社會層面異常地多，簡直像是一個寶山，一座迷宮。而讀者群就更為

復雜，不同的家庭背景，不同的社會經歷，不同的民族，不同的國家，

不同的文化傳統(tǒng)，不同的心理素質，不同的年齡，不同的性別，不同的

職業(yè)，不同的愛好——還可以這樣“不同”下去，就此打住——，他們來

讀《紅樓夢》，會各就自己的特點，欣賞《紅樓夢》中的某一個方面，

受到鼓舞，受到啟發(fā)，引起了喜愛；也可能受到打擊，引起了憎惡，總

之是千差萬別。他們不管“紅學家”究竟議論些什么，只是讀下去，讀下

去。因此我說，文學批評無用。

2013年廣西民族大學817寫作與翻譯考研真題

科目代碼：817

科目名稱：寫作與翻譯

適用學科專業(yè)：外國語言學及應用語言學

研究方向：外國語言學、英語教育

PartI.Writing(70points)

1.Writeasummaryofthefollowingpassageinabout100words.（20

points）

Beforethefinancialcrisisin2008,GeorgeworkedasaguideinNewYork.

AsGeorgereceivedquitealotofChinesetourismgroups,thechinatowns,

theformersiteswhereSunYat-senandSoongMaylingoncelivedwere

destinationsheoftenvisited.GeorgefeltveryexcitedaftercomingtoChina

andfinallyhecouldencounterthisnationwhosepeopleherubbedshoulders

withpreviously.

Inthebeginning,aswasrenderedbytheAmericanmedia,hethoughtthat

Chinawassoseverelypollutedthatpeoplehadtogooutwearingmasks.But

hefounditwasonlyhismisconceptionfromamisguidedmedia.Hedid

howeverquicklyperceiveaseriousproblemconfoundingChina----thatits

citiesneglectedpreservationoftheirtraditionalcultures,toobusylooking

forwardwhilerapidlydeveloping.Thisproblememergedinsomeinlandcites

andGuangzhoutoo.Hewassoobsessedwiththiscitythathehopedthe

fascinatingLingnanculturewouldnotbecomeoblivionunderthewheelsof

bulldozers.Toimpressandinfluencemoreforeignersvisitingthiscitywith

Guangzhou’sculturalflavor,hecametoChen’sAncestralHalland

volunteeredtobethecommentatorforthishistoricsite.

Georgementionedthathedidallthisjustoutofpassionratherthantomake

money.Indeed,asaforeigner,hecouldearnmoremoneyasaforeign

languageteacherthanhedidatthismoment.RareareforeignerslikeGeorge

whoarewillingtowanderthroughallthelanesinGuangzhouandmakean

atlasaswellascollectingmaterialfortheexistingsitesofhistoricaland

culturalsignificance.

GeorgeprovidesavoluntaryEnglishillustrationserviceforvisitingtourists.

Hewillexplainhowtotellhistoryfrommodernproducts.Wheneverhetalks,

hewillstarthisscriptonculturalpreservation.Hiszealandfamiliaritywith

LingnanculturedwarfmostofthelocalresidentsinGuangzhou.Thisyear,

heinitiatedanoralaccountprojectofhistorywhichrecordsthehistoryof

Chen’sAncestralHallbytherespondents’narration,tofillinthegapsof

historicaldata.ForGeorge,thehistoricalandculturalatlasalwaysveilsthe

changesofidologicaltrendsinthefuture.Theculturalatlashepaysattention

tonotonlyincludestheprotectedhistoricalsiteslikeChen’sAncestralHall,

butalsomanyothervanishingorlostculturalprospects.Itistheinherent

forceofurbandevelopmentthateradicatestheseculturalprospects.

2.Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.(50points)

Thedeclineofliteratureindicatesthedeclineofanation.Howmuchbelief

canweplacethestatement?

Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,

andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriate

details.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanatural

conclusionormakeasummary.

Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarand

appropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinaloss

ofmarks.

PartII.Translation(80points)

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

HongKong’sborderregimehasuniquecharacteristics.Inmanyways,itis

themostopeneconomyonearth.Atthesametime,itmaintainsavery

exclusiveborderseparatingitfromthecountryofwhichitisasovereignpart,

andmanagesittoprovideprotectiontopowerfuleconomicinterestsinreal

estate,distribution,retailandtransportation.Theanomalousnatureofthis

borderallowsustoscrutinizecontemporaryborderprocessesinwaysthatwe

mighttakeforgrantedwithmore“normal”kindsofborders.Most

importantly,ithighlightsthewayinwhichtheroleofbordersinrestricting

mobilityhasbeenincreasinganddiversifyingratherthanfadingawayunder

thecompressingdynamicsofglobalization.HongKongwasanexceptionto

thedeglobalizationtendenciesofthethreedecadesafterWorldWarII,asit

heldtoitstenetsoflaissez-faireanditslivelihoodbasedonthefacilitationof

internationalmovements.WhileeconomicintegrationwithChinaafter1979

seemstohaveintensifiedthetime-spacecompressionofHongKong’s

economyandsociety,ironicallypoliticalintegrationwithChinaafter1997

hasheightenedtheimportanceoftheborder.Themaintenanceoftwo

systemsunderonecountryseemstorequireahardborder,whileincreasing

contactappearstohavehadtheeffectofunderliningtheculturaldifferences

betweenHongKongpeopleandtheirChinesecounterparts.Security

concernshavealsofocusedattentiononHongKong’sborders,butin

differentways.Greatersurveillanceinordertopreventterrorismhasmostly

beenimposedonHongKongasaresultofAmericanconcernsandHong

Kong’simportanceinfacilitatingChinatrade,butconcernsabouthealth

securityandfoodsafetyhavebeendirectedbothtowardsChinaand

outwards.Inbothcases,though,greaterconcernwiththeborderasascreen

againstthemovementofcontrabandandcontaminantsorotherwise

undesirableentitieshasbeentheresult.Ratherthanmovementtowardseither

greateropennessorgreaterexclusivity,thetrendhasbeentowardsmore

complexformsofdiscriminationanddifferentiation.Insteadofapplyingthe

sametreatmenttoallresidentsoftheMainland,somecategoriesare

recruited,suchasaffluenttouristsfromparticularregionsorthosewith

certainskills,whileothers,evenwithaformalrightofabode,arediscouraged

fromentering.Transhipmentofgoodsandcapitalisfacilitatedby

sophisticatedtechnologiestoidentifythosewiththreateningcontents,and

peopleandfoodsarescreenedfordangerousmicroorganisms.

2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(40points)

中國的能源政策

中國是世界第二大能源生產國和消費國，政府對能源問題非常重視。今

年3月剛剛通過的《中華人民共和國國民經濟和社會發(fā)展第十一個五年

規(guī)劃綱要》描繪了未來5年我國經濟社會的發(fā)展藍圖，確定了中國能源

發(fā)展的基本政策。概括地講，包括以下兩個方面：

一是節(jié)約優(yōu)先。中國高度重視節(jié)約能源，堅持開源與節(jié)流并重，并把節(jié)

約放在首位，在節(jié)能方面取得了明顯進展。2005年萬元國內生產總值能

耗比1990年下降45%。我們將依靠科技進步，發(fā)揮市場機制和經濟杠桿

的作用，增強節(jié)約能源的能力，全面促進能源節(jié)約和高效利用。

二是立足國內。多年來，我們一次能源自給率一直保持在90%以上?？?/p>

慮到自身資源特點以及維護國際能源市場穩(wěn)定的責任，中國能源發(fā)展將

立足國內。作為以煤為主的國家，中國國內的能源供應有巨大的潛力。

中國煤炭資源豐富，三分之二的水電資源尚未開發(fā)，核電、風力發(fā)電、

太陽能以及生物質能的應用剛剛起步，燃料乙醇及煤炭液化等替代能源

的發(fā)展前景廣闊。

2012年廣西民族大學817寫作與翻譯考研真題

科目代碼：817

科目名稱：寫作與翻譯

適用學科專業(yè)：外國語言學及應用語言學

研究方向：外國語言學、英語教育

PartOneWriting

1.Writeasummaryofthefollowingpassageinabout100words.（20

points）

ChomskyhasclaimedthatchildrenlearningtheirL1mustrelyoninnate

knowledgeoflanguagebecauseotherwisethetaskfacingthemisan

impossibleone.Hisargumentisthattheinputtowhichchildrenareexposed

isinsufficienttoenablethemtodiscovertherulesofthelanguetheyare

tryingtolearn.Thisinsufficiencyisreferredtoasthepovertyofthestimulus.

Forexample,achildlearningEnglishneedstodiscoverthatsentenceslike

thisareungrammatical:

Samkickedfiercelyhistoycar.

becauseEnglishdoesnotpermitanadverbbetweentheverbandthedirect

object.Canthisbelearnedsolelyonthebasisofinput?Theargumentisthat

itcannotiftheinputconsistsonlyofpositiveevidence.(i.e.itprovides

informationonlyaboutwhatisgrammaticalinthelanguage)becauselearners

canneverbesuretheywillnothearasentencewheretheadverbisbetween

theverbanddirectobject.Negativeevidence(i.e.inputthatprovidesdirect

evidenceofwhatisungrammaticalinlanguage)wouldmakeitpossiblefor

childrentofindoutthatsentencesliketheoneaboveareungrammatical.

However,childrentypicallyreceiveonlypositiveevidence;theirparentsdo

notgenerallycorrecttheirgrammaticalmistakes.Thus,itisargued,theinput

seriouslyunderdetermineslearning.Inotherwords,itdoesnotprovidethe

informationneededforlearningtobesuccessful.

InthecaseofL1acquisition,then,thereisalogicalproblem.Howdo

childreninvariablylearnthefullgrammaroftheirmothertonguewhenthe

informationtheyneedisnotalwaysavailableintheinput?Theanswer,

accordingtoChomsky,isthatchildrenmusthavepriorknowledgeofwhatis

grammaticallypossibleandimpossibleandthatthisispartoftheirbiological

endowment.Thisknowledge,whichinearlierformulationsofthetheorywas

referredtoastheLanguageAcquisitionDevice,iswhatcomprisesUniversal

Grammar(UG).Itisclaimedthatsomeerrors,suchastheoneinvolving

adverbplacement,simplydonotoccurinL1acquisitionbecausetheyare

prohibitedbyUG.

ButisthisalsothecaseinL2acquisition?Toanswerthisquestionweneedto

considerwhetheradultL2learnershavecontinuedaccesstoUGorwhether

theyrelyonsomeotherkindoflearningmechanism.Wewillbeginby

consideringwhetheraccessdependsontheageofthelearner.

2.Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.(50points)

China'stopbroadcastingwatchdoghasorderedabanonadvertisements

insertedinTVdramas.ThebanwasreleasedonMondaybytheState

AdministrationofRadio,FilmandTelevisionandgoesintoeffectonJan1

nextyear.ThetopbroadcastingwatchdogisnowrequiringallTV

broadcasterstore-arrangetheirprogramsanddeletecommercialsthatare

scheduledtoairinthemiddleofsoapoperasandotherdramas.The

administrationwarnedanyviolationsofthebanwouldincurharsh

punishmentsandinvitedaudiencestomonitorhowwelltheTVstations

followtheregulations.Whatisyouropinion?

Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,

andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriate

details.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanatural

conclusionormakeasummary.

Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarand

appropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinaloss

ofmarks.

PartTwoTranslation

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

TheGoldStandard

Extraordinaryclassprojectsareworththeirweightingold(assumingonecan

actuallyweighaclassproject).Thoseprojectsthat,foryearsaftertheyare

done,studentsdiscussandteachersimitateareessentialtoasuccessful

designeducation.Trulychallengingprojectsseparatethewheatfromthe

chaff,weakfromstrong,competentfromgenius.

……

TheclassprojectschoseninDesignSchoolConfidential,therefore,donot

conformtoonespecificdominantstyleormethod,butthemajoritydohave

onethingincommon:socialcontext.Manyeducatorsagreethatteaching

typeandimagewithoutprovidingareal-worldcontextislikedrivingacaron

alongstretchofstraighthighway---itissafeandboring,andthedriverlearns

verylittle.Conversely,agoodclassprojectislikedealingwithallthe

hazardsoftheroadinanautomobilesimulator---safe,butchallenging---while

atrulygreatclassprojectislikenavigatingareallytreacherousroadinareal

carwithoutairbags.Manyoftheseprojectswereselectedbecausethe

teachersremovedtheairbags,andthestudentsshowedcourageand

ingenuity.

Thegoalofthisbookisnotmerelytoexhibitinterestingwork,althoughitis

allindeedexemplary;surveyingclassprojectsfromaroundtheworldreveals

thecommonaswellasthedistinctivecharacteristicsthatwillcontributetoa

greaterunderstandingofdesignandhowtoeducateitspractitioners.But

theseloftypursuitsaside,justthesheerlevelofcreativitybythesestudentsis

prettyextraordinary.Doubtlessallteacherslookforwardtothepresentation

ofclassprojectsbecausethat’swhenthegreatideaspercolated---andwhen

theylearnwhichstudentsare,infact,worththeirweightingold.

2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(40points)

序言與致謝

人人都能學會畫畫。這跟每個人都能學會投球，學會單腳快速旋轉，或

學會拉小提琴，并無太大分別。只不過，有些人靠天賦；其他人先天不

足，則得益于對繪畫的酷愛，不計回報而樂在其中。就讀紐約時裝技術

學院之前，我一直以為自己生來就是丹青妙手，不料第一學期就被某位

教授鄭重告知：于繪畫你毫無天分，不如重新考慮、定位自己的藝術追

求吧。

我從小就對時裝素描情有獨鐘，無法割舍。于是我請求教授指點迷津：

我該怎么做才能繼續(xù)攻讀時裝插圖專業(yè)？教授毫不遲疑作答：“畫！我

們要做的就是畫、畫、畫。什么都要畫。無論在什么時候，在什么地

方，都要不停地畫?！?/p>

我從此照做不誤。

我不停地畫，用完了一本又一本的速寫本。我畫每個朋友，畫公寓房

間，畫自助洗衣店；我畫自己的貓，自己的帽，還畫公共汽車或火車上

各種各樣的臉孔。我臨摹照片，或憑記憶或想象作畫，但大多素材還是

源于生活。繪畫直接取材于生活極具挑戰(zhàn)性，但能更好地提高畫技和觀

察能力。

我有了很大進步。

2011年廣西民族大學825寫作與翻譯考研真題

科目代碼：825

科目名稱：寫作與翻譯

適用學科專業(yè)：外國語言學及應用語言學

研究方向：翻譯理論與實踐、英語教育、應用語言學

PartOneWriting

1.Writeasummaryofthefollowingpassageinabout100-150words.（20

points）

Aswesawintheprecedingsection,onefactordeterminingthespeaker’s

choiceoflanguageistheknowledgethatheassumesthehearertopossess.A

furtherimportantfactorishisinterpretationofthesocialsituationinwhich

communicationistakingplace:languagecarriesnotonlyfunctionalmeaning,

italsocarriessocialmeaning.

Thehostesswhoputsherheadroundthedoorandcalls“ready?”toher

guestsisnotonlymakingassumptionsaboutsharedknowledge.Sheisalso

signalingherviewthatthesituationisnotformal.Ifshefeltotherwise,for

example,becausetheguestswerebusinessacquaintancesratherthanpersonal

friends,thiswouldprobablycausehertochoosedifferentlanguage,suchas

“wouldyouliketocomeandeatnow?”O(jiān)nanevenmoreformaloccasion,

thesociallyappropriateformmightbe“Ladiesandgentlemen,dinneris

served”.Similarly,referringbacktocommunicativefunctiondiscussedinan

earliersection,astudentmightsay“Shutthedoor,willyou?”toaflat-mate,

buttostrangeronatrainitwouldbemoreappropriatetosay,forexample,

“Excusedme,wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?”Tousetheformalversion

withaflat-mate,ortheinformalversionwithastrange,wouldbeequally

likelytocauseoffense.

Toalanguageextent,itisaquestionofaspeakerconformingtolinguistic(or

rather,sociolinguistic)conventionsinordertobeunobtrusive.Hemay

choosesociallyappropriatespeechinsofarashisrepertoirepermits,justas

hemaychoosesociallyappropriatedressinsofarashiswardrobepermits.

Theprocessalsoworkstheotherway,however:aswellasthesocialsituation

determiningthenatureofthelanguage,thelanguagecanhelpdeterminethe

socialatmosphereofthesituation.Forexample,thelevelofformalityofthe

teacher-pupilrelationshipcanbegreatlyaffectedbythelevelofformalityof

theteacher’slanguage.Ingeneral,theuseofinformalspeechnotonly

reflectsbutalsoacceleratesthedevelopmentofapersonalrelationship.A

foreignermaythereforebehinderedinformingsuchrelationshipsifheis

unabletoadapthisspeechtotheincreasingfamiliarityandinformalityofa

friendship.Ineffect,byusing“bookish”grammar,completesentencesand

carfulpronunciation,hemaybesendingoutsignalsofformalityandsocial

distanceunintentionally.Receptively,too,hemaybeunabletointerpretthe

nativespeaker’sattemptstomovetowardsamoreinformalbasisforthe

relationship,forexample,bytentativeuseoffirstnameandcolloquialturns

ofphrases.Therefore,aslearnersadvanceincompetence,animportant

directionofprogressistowardsgreaterunderstandingandmasteryofthe

socialsignificanceofalternativelanguageforms.Intheearlierstages,

however,theemphasisislikelytobeonachievingproductivemasteryof

formsforma“middle”levelofformality,whichwillbeacceptablebothwith

friendsandwithstrangers.

Similarconsiderationsapplytootherlanguageformsthatcommunicate

interpersonalattitudes.Learnersaresometimesmisledbyapparentstructural

ordictionaryequivalentsintheirownlanguage,whichcausethemtoproduce

sociallyoffensiveformsintheforeignlanguage.Forexample,Russian

learnersofEnglishsometimesusetheemphatic“Ofcourse!”inanswertoa

yes/noquestion,inawaythatseemstosuggestthatthequestionisstillyand

theanswerratherobvious.Infact,theyaremerelytransferringaRussian

lexical“equivalent”thathasnosuchovertones;theymayremainunawarefor

yearsoftheunfavorableeffecttheyareproducingonEnglish-speaking

listeners.Sucherrorsasthisarepotentiallymoreseriousthananyother,not

leastbecausefewnativehearersrealizethattheirtruesourceisinadequate

learningratherthanoffensiveattitudes.

2.Writeanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic.(50points)

UndertheLaborLaw,menretireat60andwomenat55inChina.Whetherto

raisetheretirementagehasbeendebatedforseveralyears,buttheissuerose

toprominenceandhastriggeredaheateddiscussionafterHePing,directorof

theSocialSecurityResearchInstituteundertheMinistryofHuman

ResourcesandSocialSecurity,saidthegovernmentisconsideringaplanto

graduallyraisethemandatoryretirementage.ShouldChinapostponethe

retirementage?

Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,

andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriate

details.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanatural

conclusionormakeasummary.

Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarand

appropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinaloss

ofmarks.

PartTwoTranslation

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

Daddy-Long-LegsbyJeanWebster

Whatdoyouthink,Daddy?TheEnglishinstructorsaidthatmylastpaper

showsanunusualamountoforiginality.Shedid,truly.Thosewereher

words.Itdoesn’tseempossible,doesit,consideringtheeighteenyearsof

trainingthatI’vehad?TheaimoftheJohnGrierHome(asyoudoubtless

knowandheartilyapproveof)istoturntheninety-sevenorphansintoninety-

seventwins.

……

Thepublisherkeptmynovelfortwomonths,andIwascertainhewasgoing

totakeit;butyesterdaymorninganexpressparcelc