對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院《761基礎(chǔ)英語》歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2001年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2002年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2003年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2004年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2005年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2006年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2007年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2008年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2009年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2010年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2011年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2012年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2013年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2014年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2015年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761

基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

2001年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

PartOe:Vocabulary

I.Checkthewordorphraseyoubelieveisclosestinmeaningtothekey

word.(7.5%)

l.Ravage

A.toenrage

B.toplunder

C.todevour

D.towearaway

【答案】B

【解析】ravage毀壞，掠奪。plunder搶劫，掠奪。devour（火災(zāi)等）毀

滅，破壞。wearaway磨損，（時(shí)間）消逝。

2．Edify

A.toscold

B.topraise

C.toimproveandenlighten

D.tohaveexceptionalpleasurefrom

【答案】C

【解析】edify教導(dǎo)，啟發(fā)。enlighten啟發(fā)，啟蒙。scold責(zé)罵，斥責(zé)。

praise稱贊，歌頌。exceptional例外的，特殊的。

3．Haggle

A.towrangleordispute

B.toscold

C.tolie

D.tobeg

【答案】A

【解析】haggle（就價(jià)格、條件等）爭論，討價(jià)還價(jià)。wrangle爭論，爭

吵；dispute辯論，爭執(zhí)。scold責(zé)罵，斥責(zé)。

4．Curtail

A.tocurlorintertwine

B.todepriveof

C.toconfuse

D.tocutshort

【答案】D

【解析】curtail縮減，減少。cutshort縮減，截短。curl（使）卷曲。

intertwine（使）纏繞。depriveof剝奪，使喪失。

5．Supplicate

A.tostrangle

B.togrowweak

C.tobeghumble

D.tocurse

【答案】C

【解析】supplicate哀求，祈求。beghumble謙卑地請求。strangle勒死，

絞殺。curse詛咒，咒罵。

6．Extol

A.toannounce

B.tocollect

C.toscoldorharass

D.topraise

【答案】D

【解析】extol贊美。praise稱贊，歌頌。announce宣布。scold責(zé)罵；

harass煩惱。

7．Facilitate

A.totease

B.tomakeeasy

C.topretend

D.tocongratulate

【答案】B

【解析】facilitate使容易，使便利。makeeasy使輕松，變得容易。tease

取笑，欺負(fù)。pretend假裝，裝扮。congratulate祝賀，慶祝。

8．Cavort

A.toprancearound

B.tofling

C.tofindfaultwith

D.toenjoyinacarefreemanner

【答案】A

【解析】cavort騰躍。prance騰躍，歡躍。fling猛投，拋，擲。findfault

with挑剔，找…的毛病。carefree輕松愉快的，不負(fù)責(zé)的。

9．Sully

A.tokeephidden;makesecret

B.tohinder

C.todefile;soil

D.toputtheblameonsomeone

【答案】C

【解析】sully弄臟，玷污（名譽(yù)等）。defile玷污，褻瀆；soil弄臟，污

辱。hinder妨礙，阻止。puttheblameonsomeone把責(zé)任推到別人的頭

上。

10．Usurp

A.tochargehighinterestrates

B.tointrudeupon

C.todisturb

D.toseizepowerorposition

【答案】D

【解析】usurp篡奪，侵占。chargehighinterestrates以高利率計(jì)費(fèi)。

intrudeupon打擾，侵入。disturb擾亂，妨礙。

11．Goad

A.toannoy

B.toinciteorspur

C.toargue

D.tobeg

【答案】B

【解析】goad驅(qū)策，激勵(lì)。incite激勵(lì)，煽動(dòng)；spur鞭策，刺激。annoy

招惹，使煩惱。argue爭論，說服。

12．Augment

A.tourge

B.todispute

C.topromise

D.toincrease;addto

【答案】D

【解析】augment增加，增大。urge催促，力勸。dispute爭論，反對。

13．Inundate

A.toflood;deluge

B.tobreakdown

C.toretreat

D.toenterintoanagreement

【答案】A

【解析】inundate淹沒，泛濫。deluge淹，浸。breakdown失敗，毀壞。

retreat撤退，退卻。enterintoanagreement達(dá)成一致，訂約。

14．Waive

A.toforgo

B.todemand

C.tolookfor

D.tobeirresolute

【答案】A

【解析】waive放棄。forgo作罷，放棄。irresolute猶豫不決的。

15．Confound

A.toimpress

B.tobringtogether

C.tofrustrate

D.toconfuse;perplex

【答案】D

【解析】confound混淆，使迷惑。confuse迷惑，使糊涂；perplex困惑。

impress使銘記，留下印象。bringtogether使和解。frustrate挫敗，使泄

氣。

II.Checkthewordorphraseyoubelieveisbesttofinintheblankineach

sentence.(7.5%)

1．Theteacher________thedozingstudenttopayattention.

A.admonished

B.administered

C.adjudicated

D.adjusted

【答案】A

【解析】admonish訓(xùn)誡，警告。administer管理，執(zhí)行。adjudicate判

決，裁定。adjust調(diào)整，校準(zhǔn)。

2．Hisexplanationdidnot________ofanymisunderstanding.

A.permeate

B.permit

C.perplex

D.perpetrate

【答案】B

【解析】permit允許，容許。permeate透入。perplex困惑。perpetrate犯

（罪，錯(cuò)誤），行詐。

3．Hefollowedhis________andgavethestrangeralift.

A.impulsion

B.impulse

C.conscientious

D.conscious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他本著良心，對陌生人施以援手。conscientious有

（憑）良心的，誠心誠意的。impulsion沖動(dòng)。impulse沖動(dòng)，推動(dòng)力。

conscious有意識(shí)的，有知覺的。

4．Manyalcoholicsare________drinkers.

A.compatible

B.competent

C.competitive

D.compulsive

【答案】D

【解析】compulsive強(qiáng)迫（性）的，不由自主的。compatible協(xié)調(diào)的，

一致的。competent有能力的，勝任的。competitive競爭的。

5．Thecomputerwas________alowbuzz.

A.dismissing

B.emitting

C.admitting

D.omitting

【答案】B

【解析】emit發(fā)出，輻射。dismiss解散，讓離開。admit容許，承認(rèn)。

omit省略，疏忽。

6．Shehasafriendly,________personality.

A.genuine

B.genitive

C.generative

D.genial

【答案】D

【解析】genial親切的。genuine真實(shí)的，誠懇的。genitive領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系的。

generative生產(chǎn)的，再生的。

7．Thewoundedmanclungtolife________.

A.tenaciously

B.tantalizingly

C.tenably

D.tendentiously

【答案】A

【解析】tenaciously頑強(qiáng)地。tantalizingly……得令人著急。tenably合理

地，可維持地。tendentiously有傾向地，有偏見地。

8．Idon’tseehowyourstatement________tomyquestion.

A.retains

B.detains

C.pertains

D.abstains

【答案】C

【解析】pertain適合，屬于。retain保持，保留。detain拘留，留住。

abstain戒除，放棄。

9．Anneloudly________herbeliefsintoeveryconversation.

A.obtrudes

B.obsesses

C.obviates

D.obtains

【答案】A

【解析】obtrude強(qiáng)行，強(qiáng)加。obsess迷住，使困擾。obviate消除，排

除。obtain獲得。

10．Tombragsabouthiswork,buthisbossconsidershima________.

A.nonsense

B.nonevent

C.nonentity

D.nonchalant

【答案】C

【解析】nonentity不存在的東西，無足輕重的人。nonsense謬論，無意

義的事。nonevent大肆宣揚(yáng)即將來臨而并未發(fā)生的事。nonchalant冷淡

的，若無其事的。

11．Ed’swifehasawayofbreakingintoseriousconversationswith

_______smalltalk.

A.impertinent

B.pertinacious

C.pertinent

D.impertinacious

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Ed的妻子有一種習(xí)慣，就是用不相關(guān)的閑聊來打斷嚴(yán)肅

的談話。impertinent無關(guān)的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。pertinacious固執(zhí)的，難消除

的。pertinent有關(guān)的，中肯的。impertinacious為生造詞。

12．Thepowertoconfirmpresidentialappointments________inthe

Senate.

A.reseats

B.reserves

C.resides

D.resits

【答案】C

【解析】句意：對總統(tǒng)的任命給予批準(zhǔn)的權(quán)力歸屬于參議院。

reside（權(quán)力等）屬于。reseat使復(fù)位，使再坐。reserve儲(chǔ)備，保存。

resit（考試不及格后）再考，重考。

13．TheNileRiver________siltovertheagestoformadelta.

A.deposited

B.demoted

C.deported

D.depraved

【答案】A

【解析】句意：尼羅河常年的泥沙沉淀形成了三角洲。deposit沉淀，堆

積。demote使降級(jí)。deport將……驅(qū)逐出境。deprave使墮落，使腐敗。

14．Hewaselectedbya________ofthetwopoliticalparties.

A.infusion

B.fusion

C.confusion

D.injunction

【答案】B

【解析】fusion（政黨的）聯(lián)合。infusion注入，灌輸。confusion混亂，

混淆。injunction禁令。

15．Hehadwrittena________ofasymphonybeforehisdeath.

A.fragment

B.fraction

C.fiction

D.diction

【答案】A

【解析】fragment碎片，片斷，(文藝作品等)未完成的部分。fraction小

部分，分?jǐn)?shù)。fiction虛構(gòu)，小說。diction措辭，用語。

PartTwo:Usage

I.Ineachofthesentencesbelow,choosethewordinparenthesesthatis

correctorpreferredusage.(15%)

1．Theweatherforecastsaysitis(apt,likely,liable)toraintoday.

【答案】likely

【解析】句意：天氣預(yù)報(bào)說今天可能會(huì)下雨。

2．Sheisan(alumnus,alumni,alumna,alumnae)ofthelocalcollege.

【答案】alumna

【解析】alumna女畢業(yè)生，女校友。句意：她是一名當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)院的畢業(yè)

生。

3．Thewordredhasanunpleasant(connotation,denotation)formany

people.

【答案】connotation

【解析】句意：“Red”這個(gè)詞對很多人來說包含令人不愉快的內(nèi)涵。

4．(Becauseof,Dueto)thebadweather,wearrivedlate.

【答案】Dueto

【解析】句意：都因?yàn)檫@糟糕的天氣，我們遲到了。dueto因?yàn)椋?/p>

于。常指這個(gè)原因會(huì)造成不好的結(jié)果。

5．Onecouldsaythatallcatsare(egoists,egotists).

【答案】egoists

【解析】句意：可以說所有的貓都是自我主義者。

6．Theaudienceyawnedandseemed(disinterested,uninterested)inthe

speech.

【答案】uninterested

【解析】句意：聽眾開始大哈欠了，看起來他們對這演講不感興趣。

7．Mylittlesonis(anxiously,eagerly)lookingforwardtoChristmas.

【答案】eagerly

【解析】句意：我的小兒子急切地盼望圣誕節(jié)的到來。

8．Hehasa(contemptible,contemptuous)attitudetowardsloppywork.

【答案】contemptuous

【解析】句意：他對無聊的工作表現(xiàn)出輕蔑的態(tài)度。contemptuous輕蔑

的。contemptible可鄙的。

9．TheGrandCanyonisof(incomparable,uncomparable)beauty.

【答案】incomparable

【解析】句意：大峽谷的壯美無與倫比。

10．My(ophthalmologist,optometrist)willsoonbeoperatingonthecataract

inmylefteye.

【答案】ophthalmologist

【解析】句意：我的眼科醫(yī)師馬上會(huì)為我的左眼做白內(nèi)障手術(shù)。

ophthalmologist眼科醫(yī)師。optometrist驗(yàn)光師。

11．Golfisthe(vocation,avocation)ofaprofessionalgolfer.

【答案】vocation

【解析】vocation職業(yè)，行業(yè)。avocation（個(gè)人）副業(yè)，業(yè)余愛好。

12．Yourworkforthecommitteehasbeenmost(credible,creditable,

credulous).

【答案】creditable

【解析】句意：你為委員會(huì)所做的工作是最值得稱贊的。creditable值得

贊揚(yáng)的，應(yīng)予肯定的。credible可靠的。credulous輕信的。

13．Thisisthemost(historic,historical)buildinginthetown.

【答案】historic

【解析】句意：這是這座城鎮(zhèn)里歷史上最為有名的建筑。historic歷史上

著名的，有歷史性的。historical與歷史有關(guān)的，歷史（上）的。

14．Ican’tstandyour(continual,continuous)interruption.

【答案】continual

【解析】句意：我不能忍受你反復(fù)打斷我的講話。continuous和continual

的區(qū)別：(1)搭配區(qū)別：continuous可以做表語或定語becontinuous或

continuous+名詞；continual只做定語continual+名詞；(2)詞意的不同：

continual反復(fù)，不停止（happenrepeatedly），如continualknocksonthe

door反復(fù)的敲門聲；continuous連續(xù)性的=unbroken(lackofinterruption)，

如acontinuousline一條不間斷的線。

15．Ifyouhaveacoughaccompanied(by,with)afever,seeadoctor.

【答案】with

【解析】句意：如果你咳嗽伴有發(fā)燒，就要去看醫(yī)生。這里accompany

在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，當(dāng)指的是人時(shí)，用在它后的介詞是by，指伴隨他人。

如：ShewenttoEuropeaccompaniedbyhercolleague.她和她的同事一道

去歐洲。不是指人的情況則用with，如：Thesalmonwasaccompanied

withadeliciouslettucesalad.伴有可口的生菜沙拉的鮭魚。

II.Fillinthemissingwords:(20%)

I

TakeforinstancetheeveningofDecember31,1994,whenIbeganmy

assignment(1)theforeignaffairscolumnistforTheNewYorkTimes.I

startedthecolumn(2)writingfromTokyo,andwhenIarrivedatthe

OkuraHotel(3)alongtranspacificflight,Icalledroomservice(4)

onesimplerequest:“Couldyoupleasesendme(5)fouroranges.”Iam

addicted(6)citrusandIneededafix.Itseemedtomeasimple(7)

orderwhenItelephoneditin,andthepersonontheotherend(8)to

understand.Abouttwentyminutes(9)therewasaknockatmydoor.A

roomservicewaiterwasstandingthere(10)hisperfectlycreased

uniform.Infrontofhimwasacart(11)byastarchedwhitetablecloth.

(12)thetableclothwerefourtall(13)offresh-squeezedorangejuice,

(14)glasssetregally(15)asmallsilverbowlofice.

【答案】

(1)as

(2)by

(3)after

(4)with

(5)up

(6)to

(7)enough

(8)seemed

(9)later

(10)in

(11)covered

(12)on

(13)glasses

(14)each

(15)in

II

Ibelievethat(16)youwanttounderstandthepost-ColdWarworldyou

(17)tostartbyunderstandingthatanewinternationalsystem(18)

succeededit—globalization.(19)is“TheOneBigThing”peopleshould

focuson.Globalizationisnottheonlything(20)eventsintheworld

today,buttothe(21)thatthereisaNorthStarandaworldwideshaping

(22),itisthissystem.Whatisnewisthe(23);whatis(24)is

powerpolitics,chaos,clashingcivilizations(25)liberalism.(26)what

isthedramaofthepost-ColdWarworldistheinteraction(27)thisnew

system(28)alltheseoldpassionsandaspirations.Itisacomplexdrama,

(29)thefinalactstillnotwritten.

【答案】

(16)if

(17)have

(18)has

(19)That

(20)influencing

(21)extent

(22)force

(23)systems

(24)old

(25)and

(26)and

(27)between

(28)and

(29)with

III

Electionsalonewillneverbeenoughtoensure(30)governance;Russia

andPakistanareproof(31)ofthat.Atthesame(32),justinstalling

modernoperating(33)andsoftwareinacountry,(34)holdingregular

electionsthatcan(35)corruptleaders,willneverbe(36)either.That

iswhytheWisest(37)indevelopingcountrieswillbe(38)who

understandquickestthatwithouttheherdtherewillbeno(39),and

withoutbetterso,wareand(40)systemstherewillbenoherd.

【答案】

(30)good

(31)enough

(32)time

(33)system

(34)without

(35)remove

(36)enough

(37)leaders

(38)those

(39)growth

(40)operating

PartThree:ReadingandWriting

I.Readthefollowingessayandanswerthequestionsbriefly.(25%)

Inrecentyearsitseemsthatlanguageasitrelatestosoftwareprogramming

hascometobeworthmoreinthejobmarketthanamasteryofEnglishor

Chinese.Butnaturallanguageisn’tjustthegiftofthegab.It’salsoatalent

necessaryforcommunication,whichisdistinctfrommereconversation.

Communicationcanbeverbalorwritten.Intheworkingworld,theabilityto

communicatewellisknownasasoftskill.Softskillshavealwaysbeen

criticaltoprofessionslikejournalism,advertisingormedicine.Nowthey’re

provingtobejustasimportanttohigh-techindustriesandbusinesses.

Effectivecommunicationisn’ttheonlysoftskillemployerscrave.Inter-

personalskills,liketheabilitytocreateandmaintainarapportwithothers,

arehighonthelist,too.Timemanagement,initiative,workingwellunder

pressure,andimageorappearance-especiallyasitbearsonnon-verbal

communication-arealsoessential.

Technologyhasmeanttheblurringoftraditionallinesbetweenworkersand

departmentsatmanycompanies,particularlysmall,informationtechnology

start-ups.Businessesarelessdepartmentalized.E-mail,forexample,now

allowsallkindsofworkersandmanagerstocommunicatedirectlywithone

another.Technicalsupportstaffwhoonceworkedinobscuritymanynow

interactdailywithsalesandmarketingstaff,andwithcustomersandclients.

Obviously,employerswantprogrammersordeveloperswhoareatthetopof

theirtechnicalgame.Butincreasingly,theyalsowantemployeeswhocan

articulatetheirgoalsclearly,writeevocatively,workwellwithothersand

buildrelationships,takeinitiative,andrepresentacompany’simageofitself.

Softskills-or,astheymighthavebeencalledinanotherera,peopleskills.

Yetwhatdoes“effectivecommunication”mean?First,understandthatitcan

heverbal,non-verbalorwritten.Communicationcanincludetelephonelinks,

telecommunicationexchanges,E-mail,theInternetorwritingreports.Thus,

communicationandconversationarenotthesameanimal.Butatthesame

time,languageexpertssayconversationisoftenmorethan90percentnon-

verbal.Wordsalonemakeuponlyatinyportionofthemessagespeoplesend

oneanother.

InhisDictionaryofCybernetics,KlausKrippendorff,oftheAnnenberg

SchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania,writesthat

non-verbalcommunicationis:processesofcommunicationwithouttheuseof

languageproper.”

“Bodymovements,gesture,smellsbutalsosuchextra-linguisticfeaturesof

speechasintonation,speed,pause,”Krippendorffsaid.“Non-verbal

communicationisexpressiveandmanifestasopposedtobeingabout

somethingoutsidethecommunicator.Non-verbalcommunicationtendsto

providethecontextofverbalcommunicationandhasthepowerto

disambiguate(butalsotoinvalidate)thecontentoflinguisticexpressions.

Sothewaywetalk-orespeechpatterns,ourexpressions,oureyemovements-

arecriticaltoprovidingthecontextandclaritythatwordsalonecannot.But

howdoestheaverageworkerlearntodothiswell?

Unfortunately,mostofthelarge,popularcareerandjobsitesontheWorld

WideWebaredevotedtofinding,applyingforandwinninganewjob.Most

donottellworkerswhoalreadyhaveajobhowtoimprovetheirsoftskills.

Smaller,andmoreobscure,subject-specificsitesexist,butyouhavetohunt

forthem.LeadingEdgeCommunications,forexamplehasasitedevotedto

promotingpublicationsandseminarsoneffectivebusinesscommunication.

Butisalsooffersanintriguingpageofwrittenexercisesdesignedtoteach

peopletocommunicatebetter.TheWritingCenteralsooffersbooksand

seminarsonwritingbetteratwork,andSummerInstituteforLanguages

offersatutorialonwhatconstituteswrittencommunication.

Whatelsecanaworkerdo?First,seekoutamentoramongprojectleaders,

managersorothermoreseniors,moreexperiencedcolleagues.Second,many

businessesoffercommunications,assertivenessandteam-buildingtraining

courses.Inaddition,somecareerandrecruitingexpertsadviseclientstotake

publicspeakingclasses,signupforwritingcoursesthroughuniversity

extensionprograms,andeventryoutforcommunity-theater.Also,though

manypeoplewhoalreadyhavejobsthinkanemploymentagencyorcareer

counselorhasnothingtoofferthem,suchconsultantsoftenadviseon

communication,interpersonalandimagestrategies.

Image?Appearancecanbeanimportantpartofsoftskills.Rememberthat

mostcommunicationisnon-verbal.Thatcancertainlybetrueduringajob

interview.Aninterviewermaybecomeyournewbossorcolleague,and,as

everyoneknows,comestoanopinionaboutyoubasedinpartonappearance.

Interviewerswanttohireapplicantswiththebestshotoffittingintothe

company’sculture-andmostworkplaceshaveadistinctculture.Appearance,

fromthewayacandidatedressestohisbodylanguage,cantellan

intervieweralotaboutanapplicant’sbackground,education,personalityand

outlook.

Infactsoftskillsmaybeadecidingfactoratajobinterview,whichisoften

thevenueforanemployertotestacandidate’scommunicationorinter-

personalskills.Canthiscandidateclearlyandeloquentlyexpresshisgoals,or

hisideasofhowhewillcontributetothecompanyifhired?Whenaskedhow

hewouldsolveatechnicalproblem,ishisanswerwell-expressedandeasyto

understand?Howmuchinputdidhehaveonprojectsatpreviousjobsand

whatkindofleadershiprolesdidhetake-meaning,didhetakeinitiative,

workwellwithateam,andcommunicatefrequentlyduringtheold

assignment?Doesheestablisharapportwiththeinterviewerandothershe

meetsduringthehiringprocess?Doesheseemabletobuildrelationships?

Canheprovidesomewritingsamples?

Recruitersandemploymentspecialistssaythatinthelastfewyears,ajob

applicant’sperformanceintheseareashasweighedmoreheavilyinthe

decisionofwhotohire.Inasurveylastyear,RHIConsulting,ahigh-tech

recruitingfirm,askedinformationtechnologymanagerswhattheylookedfor

inemployees.RHIsays85percentrespondedthattheywant“well-developed

softskills,”and68percentbelievethosesoftskillsaremoreimportantnow

thanfiveyearsago.

Questions:(PleaseanswerthemonyourAnswerSheet.)

1．Wheniscommunicationdifferentfromconversation?

2．Whatdoes“effectivecommunication”mean?

3．Whatcouldbeconsiderednon-verbalcommunication?

4．Whatfunctionscouldnon-verbalcommunicationserve?

5．Howcanyouimproveyoursoftskills?

【答案】

1．Communicationisdistinctfrommereconversation.Communicationcan

beverbal,non-verbalorwritten,includingtelephonelinks,E-mail,writing

reports,etc.Onthecontrary,conversationisoftenmorethan90percentnon-

verbal.Sofromthispointwecanseethatconversationconsistsonlyasmall

partofcommunication.

2．Effectivecommunicationmeanstheperformancethatpeopleuseverbal

andnon-verbaltoolstoprovidethecontextandclaritytothosewhotheyare

communicatingwith.

3．Non-verbalcommunicationisexpressiveandmanifestasopposedto

beingaboutsomethingoutsidethecommunicator,includingsmells,gesture,

bodymovements,etc.

4．Non-verbalcommunicationoffersthecontextofverbalcommunication

andispowerfultodisambiguatethecontentoflinguisticexpressions.

5．There’remanywaystoimprovethesoftskills.Wecanseekoutamentor

amongprojectleaders,managersorothermoreseniors,moreexperienced

colleagues.Also,wecanseekhelpfromexpertcounselors.Besides,wecan

takepublicspeakingclassesorsignupforwritingcourses.

II.ReadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryinCHINESE.（25%）

RememberthegreatAsianeconomiccrisis?Inlate1997and1998,itseemed

tobetheperfectdoom-and-gloomstoryforfindesickleeschatologists:The

monetarycrisisthathadfirsteruptedinThailandinJuly1997wasrippling

throughoutEastAsia,toRussia,toLatinAmerica,andthen-watchout!Itwas

onlyamatteroftimebeforeitwouldbecomingtoAmerica.Anewword,

“contagion,”creptthemysteriouswaythecrisiswouldspread.

Lookingbackward,it’shardtoseewhatthefusswasabout.Mosteconomists

foresawlittledamagetotheU.S.fromAsia’sproblems.

Butthetimewasripeforpessimism.America’seconomicexpansionwasin

record-breakingterritory（thisyearitbecamethelongestexpansioninU.S.

history）,andforecasterswerenervouslyscanningthehorizonforsignsof

thenextrecession.Thestockmarket,alreadyatunheard-oflevels（Dow

8000!）,seemedlikenothingifnotabubbleabouttoburst.Allthebadnews

fromAsiahadtoaffecttheU.S.somehow,didn’tit?

Awell-publicizedbandofpessimiststhoughtso.DavidJones,chief

economistatAubreyG.Lanston,cuthisestimatefor1998realGDPgrowth

to1.6%inNovember1997（itturnedouttobe4.3%）.TheAsian

contagion,hetoldtheWallStreetJournal,wouldproduce“shockwavesof

pessimismemanatingeverythreeorfourweeksinthestockmarket.”

Theprognosesgotdrearier,andbyOctober1998anolessaugustfigurethan

formerFedChairmanPaulVolckerintonedataspeechinWashington,

“Suddenly,itallseemsinjeopardy.Allthatrealgrowth-allthetrillionsin

paperwealthcreation-isatrisk.Whatstartedasablipontheradarscreenin

Thailand-aboutasfarawayfromWashingtonorNewYorkasyoucanget-

hassomehowturnedintosomethingofafinancialcontagion.”

Welltoday,lessthanayearandahalfafterthatspeechandjustover2anda

halfyearssincethefirswhiffofcrisis,thefinalgradesarein,andthe

pessimistsflunked.NotonlydidtheU.S.survivetheAsiancrisis-itroared

throughitwithbarelyagearshift.Neitherthebigdropinexportsthatwas

forecastnotthemysteriouscontagioneffecteverhittheU.S..

ArecentpostmortembytheFederalReserveBankofSt.Louisfoundthat

merchandiseexportstoAsiafell12%in1998andnotesthat-otherthings

beingequal-thismighthavecutGDPgrowthby0.4%.Butasisoftenthe

case,otherthingswerenotequal,andeventhatmodestdeclinenever

materialized.Onereasonisthatmanufacturersfoundothermarketsfortheir

goods.InCalifornia,forexample,exportstoEastAsianaccountedfor47%

ofallmanufacturedgoodsin1997.In1998exportstotheregiondropped

18.5%,butexportstoallcountriesfellbyonly1.6%.FortheU.S.asawhole,

merchandiseexportsin1998grew3%.

Whatabout“contagion”?Itwasalwaysaslipperyterm,usedwhentherewas

noapparentchainofeventsthatcouldproduceseriousdamagetotheU.S.

economy.Theimplicationwasthatthebankingsystemwouldbethepointof

infection.

Butoverall,U.S.banksweren’tthatheavilyexposedtotheAsianeconomy.

ArecentstudybytheFederalReserveBoardfoundthattotalU.S.bank

exposuretodevelopingcountrieswas$195billiononJune30,1997,with

exposuretothefive“troubled”economies-Indonesia,SouthKorea,Malaysia,

thePhilippines,andThailand-at$55billion.Whilethat’salotofmoney,it

wasjust1.9%oftotalbankassets.Abankingsystemaswellcapitalizedand

profitableasAmerica’scaneasilyhandlebadloansinthatrange.“Forthe

mostpart,”thestudysays,“U.S.banksdidnotsufferlargelossesstemming

directlyfromemergingmarketcrisesinrecentyears.When（individual）

banksdidsufferlosses,theyweregenerallyabletooffsetthemwithearnings

fromotherbusinesssegments.”

Sothenexttimeyoureadsomegloomypredictionofeconomicmeltdown,

makesurethatwhoeverissellingithasareasonexplainingbothwhy-and

how-itwillhappen.

【答案】

1997年亞洲金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)時(shí)，全世界為此忙成一團(tuán)?，F(xiàn)在回過頭來看，

它對美國并未造成太大影響，而當(dāng)時(shí)的分析家們卻未能預(yù)測到這一點(diǎn)。

因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)膨脹程度已經(jīng)超過歷史紀(jì)錄，并且由于亞洲的金融

風(fēng)波的影響，國內(nèi)股票跌落8000點(diǎn)大關(guān)，一切看上去風(fēng)雨飄搖。因此，

各大分析家和經(jīng)濟(jì)專家紛紛做出悲觀的預(yù)測。

但如今，美國順利地渡過了這次難關(guān)。出口、銀行各方面都未受到巨大

損失，甚至可以說比以前更好。

因此，以后分析家們再有悲觀的預(yù)測時(shí)，民眾最好不要盲從。

2002年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語學(xué)院761基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解

PartOe:Vocabulary

Eachsentenceinthisparthasawordorphraseunderlined.Beloweach

sentencearefourotherwordsorphrases.Youaretochoosetheonewordor

phrasewhichwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitwere

substitutedfortheunderlinedword.(20%)

1．Andy’sjocularmannermadehimlovedbyallhiscompanions.

A.easygoing

B.jesting

C.intelligent

D.artistic

【答案】B

【解析】jocular詼諧的，愛開玩笑的。jesting開玩笑的，愛說笑話的。

easygoing悠閑自在的，隨和的。intelligent聰明的，有才智的。artistic藝

術(shù)的，風(fēng)雅的。

2．Theartstudentswereenthralledbythesheerbeautyoftheportraitwhich

hungbeforethem.

A.stimulated

B.entrenched

C.shocked

D.captivated

【答案】D

【解析】enthrall迷住。captivate迷住，迷惑。stimulate刺激，激勵(lì)。

entrench固守，保護(hù)。shock使振動(dòng)，震驚。

3．Sallywasmortifiedbyherdate’sunprecedentedbehavior.

A.eradicated

B.humiliated

C.overjoyed

D.shocked

【答案】B

【解析】mortify使感到羞辱，使蒙受屈辱。humiliate羞辱，使丟臉。

eradicate根除，撲滅。overjoy使大喜，使狂喜。shock使震驚。

4．Marvin’sdoctorsaidhewasobeseandhadtotakeimmediatemeasuresto

correcttheproblem.

A.anemic

B.fired

C.corpulent

D.petulant

【答案】C

【解析】obese肥胖的。corpulent肥大的，肥胖的。anemic貧血的。be

fired被解雇。petulant脾氣壞的，易怒的。

5．Thatsoundsludicrous.Ithinkyourreasoningisfallacious.

A.basedontruth

B.basedonerror

C.basedonscience

D.basedonmeditation

【答案】B

【解析】fallacious謬誤的，不合邏輯的。meditation深思熟慮。

6．Personswithmediocretalentshaveoftenachievedexcellentresults

throughhisindustry.

A.notverygood

B.notflexible

C.notcarnivorous

D.notplacable

【答案】A

【解析】mediocre普通的，平庸的。flexible柔韌的，靈活的。

carnivorous食肉的。placable易平息的，寬容的。

7．VictoriaHoltandWilliamShakespeareareprolificwriters.

A.productive

B.famous

C.esteemed

D.celebrated

【答案】A

【解析】prolific多產(chǎn)的，豐富的。productive生產(chǎn)的，多產(chǎn)的。famous著

名的。esteemed受尊敬的。celebrated著名的。

8．Americansteelproductionincreasedphenomenallyrightafter1900,from

10to25milliontons.

A.unexpectedly

B.consistently

C.successfully

D.extraordinarily

【答案】D

【解析】phenomenally明白地，非常地。extraordinarily格外地，突出

地。unexpectedly出乎意料地。consistently一貫地，一向。

9．Becarefulwiththelamp,it’sfragile.

A.broken

B.breakable

C.dirty

D.dangerous

【答案】B

【解析】fragile易碎的，脆的。breakable易破的，易碎的。broken破碎

的，不完整的。

10．Thewealthywidowwaswaswaryofswindlersouttofoolher.

A.watchfulfor

B.timidabout

C.tiredof

D.cautiousof

【答案】D

【解析】bewaryof留意，謹(jǐn)防。bewatchfulfor警惕，注意。betimid

about膽小，缺乏自信。becautiousof謹(jǐn)慎，小心。

11．Therewastranquilityallaboutuswhilewewererowingtheboat.

A.anxiety

B.exhilaration

C.uncertainty

D.calmness

【答案】D

【解析】tranquility寧靜。calmness平靜，安靜。anxiety焦慮。

exhilaration令人高興，愉快。uncertainty不確定，不可靠。

12．Johndidn’tenjoytherockconcertbecausehethoughtthetempowas

bad.

A.audience

B.rhythm

C.singer

D.atmosphere

【答案】B

【解析】tempo（音樂）拍子，節(jié)奏。rhythm節(jié)奏，韻律。audience聽

眾。atmosphere大氣，氣氛。

13．Thedirectorsfacedapredicamentintryingtomeetthedeadline.

A.anenigma

B.afailure

C.adilemma

D.anextension

【答案】C

【解析】predicament困境。dilemma進(jìn)退兩難的局面，窘境。enigma

謎，不可思議的東西。failure失??；故障。extension延長，擴(kuò)充。

14．TheeconomyofDallas,Texas,isstronganddiversified.

A.inflated

B.stable

C.varied

D.well-regulated

【答案】C

【解析】diversified各種的，形形色色的。varied各種各樣的，有變化

的。inflated膨脹的，（語言等）夸張的。stable穩(wěn)定的。well-regulated井

然有序的，有規(guī)則的。

15．Nearlyhalfofthetown’sinhabitantsaredescendantsofindigenous

civilizations.

A.native

B.backward

C.hard-working

D.poor

【答案】A

【解析】indigenous本土的，土生土長的。native本地的，本國的。

backward向后的，相反的。hard-working勤勉的，努力工作的。poor貧

窮的。

16．AbrahamLincolnwasanexcellentwriterandwasabletoexpresshis

ideaslucidly.

A.clearly

B.cleverly

C.briefly

D.vigorously

【答案】A

【解析】lucidly清楚地，透明地。clearly明確的，清晰的。cleverly聰明

地。briefly簡要地。vigorously經(jīng)歷充沛地。

17．Oncethoughtdoomedtoextinction,southernseaottersarenow

stringentlyprotectedthroughtheeffortsofnaturalistgroups.

A.rigorously

B.minimally

C.federally

D.guardedly

【答案】A

【解析】stringently嚴(yán)格地，迫切地。rigorously嚴(yán)格地，嚴(yán)厲地。

minimally最低限度地，最低程度地。federally同盟