（學生版）11第十一章 情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣精講與精練

第十一章情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣精講與精練一、情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣講前練：用所給單詞的適當形式填空Tom:Hi,Mr.Smith.[1]

yougivemeahand?Mr.Smith:Ofcourse.You[2]

hesitatetoaskmeforhelp.What’sthematterwithyou?Tom:Mymumisalwayscomplainingaboutmygoingbackhomelateafterschool.Mr.Smith:Whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool?Tom:Iusuallygototheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.ButIknowthatI[3]

gohomefirst.Mr.Smith:Whydon’tyougohomedirectly?Tom:Mymotherusuallysays,“Everystudent[4]

dotheirhomeworkfirstafterschool,andthatisaruleforallofyoustudents.”Yousee,ifI[5]

(do)myhomeworkfirstnow,Icouldn’thavearestandrelax.Iamsotired.Mr.Smith:Bothyouandyourmumarereasonable.Asamother,shebelievesthatyou[6]

neverworktoohard,whileyouthinkyouneedsometimetohavearest.Doesyourmotherknowwhatyouthink?Tom:No.EvenifI[7]

(tell)herbefore,shewouldn’thaveunderstoodit.Mr.Smith:Idon’tthinkyouareright.Ithinkyoushouldtellyourmotherwhatyouthinkandshewouldunderstandyou.Besides,youhadbetternothideyourfeelingsfromyourmotherandyou[8]

aswelllearntocommunicatewithher.Tom:Thankyouforyouradvice.ItishightimeI[9]

(talk)withher.Mr.Smith:I[10]

agreemore.二、情態(tài)動詞考點精講：情態(tài)動詞考點1、?？嫉那閼B(tài)動詞類情態(tài)動詞含義用法例句推測must一定、肯定只用于肯定句You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.can/could可能、也許用于否定句和問句，can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”Itcan’tbeMrLi,forhehasgonetoAmerica.may/might可能、也許用于肯定句和否定句，maynot/mightnot表“可能不”Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.能力can/could能夠can只有現在和過去時Marycanspeakthreelanguages.beableto能夠beableto有更多的形式(如：willbeableto,havebeenbleto)。當成功地完成某一具體動作時，不用could而用was/wereableto。這時was/wereableto相當于managedto，表示經過一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain許可can/could可以①問句中用could/might更顯客氣和委婉。②肯定回答一般用can,顯得語氣肯定干脆。--CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?--Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)may/might可以MayIcomein?必要must必須表主觀要求，注意must提起的一般疑問句的肯定回答和否定回答的不同，見例句。--Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?--Yes,youmust./No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.haveto不得不表客觀需求Itisrainingheavily,sowehavetostayathome.oughtto應該與should用法同Yongpeopleshouldshowrespectfortheold.should應該shouldn’t/oughtn’tto不應該Youarehisfatherandoughttotakecareofhim.其他need需要用作實義動詞后接todo用作情態(tài)動詞后接do，只用于否定句和問句Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.dare敢Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.情態(tài)動詞+完成時態(tài)情態(tài)動詞含義例句musthavedone肯定做過/發(fā)生過Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做過某事Mr.

Smith

can't

have

gone

to

Beijing,for

I

saw

him

in

the

library

just

now.may/mighthavedone可能已經.....You

might

have

read

about

it

in

the

paperscouldhavedone本來可以.....，本來能夠Icouldhavearrivedontime,butIwasheldupbythetrafficjam.Shouldhavedone本應該做.....Youshouldhavefinishedthetaskyesterday.oughttohavedone本應該做.....needn’thavedone本沒有必要做某事但又做了I

needn't

have

bought

so

much

wine—only

five

people

came.

句型cannot/never.....too無論怎么.....也不過分越.....越好Whilecrossingthestreet,youcanneverbetoocareful.Cannot.....enough情態(tài)動詞考點2、情態(tài)動詞后必須接動詞原形，在語法填空中，如果空格在主語和動詞原形之間，那么可能要填情態(tài)動詞。（也可能填do和will,shall的適當形式）例如：1.Whatisacceptableinonecountry[1]beconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.2.Hehadnotimeorenergytoplaywithhischildrenortalkwithhiswife,buthe[2]______bringhomearegularsalary.考點對練1單項填空【雖然許多地區(qū)不考詞題型，但依舊是掌握知識的很好的訓練方式】1．【2020·天津卷單項填空】Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A．must B．can C．need D．should2．【2020·天津卷單項填空】You____________havescoldedhimforhispoorperformance.Afterall,hehaddonehisbest.A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't3.【2018·北京】Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must4.【2017·北京卷】Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.must B.should C.can D.need虛擬語氣考點精講：虛擬語氣考點1、非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣類別用法例句If引導的條件從句與現在事實相反從句動詞：過去式（be用were）主句動詞：should/would/could/might+doIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.與過去事實相反從句動詞：had+done主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+doneIfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should+do/wereto+do主句動詞：should/would/could/might+doIfitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.省略if的虛擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were，had,should放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝①Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.=2\*GB3②WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.=3\*GB3③HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.錯綜虛擬語氣條件從句與主句表達的時間不一致IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldbeincollegenow.虛擬語氣考點2、表命令、要求、建議的詞后的賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句的虛擬語氣。動詞insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,recommend,desire,demand,require,request,urge后接的賓語從句以及他們相應的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中動詞為should+do。（should可以省略）（記憶口訣：一個堅持，兩個命令，四個建議，五個要求）EG1：Hesuggestedthatwe（should）notchangeourmind.虛擬語氣考點3、其他從句中的虛擬語氣1、wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和would/could/might+do表示與現在，過去和將來情況相反 EG1:IwishIhadgonetoShanghailastmonth.2、句型Itistimethat…句型中動詞用過去式或should+do EG2:It’shightimethatweleft/shouldleave.3、wouldrather（寧愿）所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式 EG3:Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.4、Ifonly（要是....該多好）句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望 EG4:Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!（與條件句中的虛擬語氣用法一樣）考點對練2：1.【2020·江蘇卷單項填空】IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I_____whereIam.A.won’tbeB.wouldn’thavebeen C.wouldn’tbe D.shouldn’thavebeen2.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________thetaskinhalfthetime.A.accomplished B.hadaccomplishedC.wouldaccomplish D.wouldhaveaccomplished3.【2018·江蘇】It’s

strange

that

he

_______have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner’s

permission.A.would B.shouldC.could D.might4.【2018·江蘇】Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A.had B.willhaveC.wouldhavehad D.havehad5.【2018·天津】15.Ifwe___________theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachA.hadcaught B.caughtC.havecaught D.wouldcatch四、情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣應考技巧：1、情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣在全國卷中不是考查的重點，但偶爾也會考到，如填空題中填情態(tài)動詞can,should,may等詞，考含有虛擬語氣的句子中用所給動詞的適當形式填空。2、在語法改錯題中，情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形是考查的重點，含虛擬語氣的句子中的動詞形式的錯誤也時有考到。EG1：(2016·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯)Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.EG2:(2016·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯)Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.3.在聽力和閱讀中，要注意情態(tài)動詞尤其是情態(tài)動詞+havedone和虛擬語氣對文章理解的影響。EG3：看下面聽力中的對話：A.Oh,dear.Iwishwehadtakenthelift.B.IfIhadknownitwassofarup,Iwouldn’thavesuggestedwalking.Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?A.Walkingdownahill.B.Climbingstairs.C.Discussingatrip.解析：解這道題，不僅要聽懂，而且要理解好兩句虛擬語氣的句子。Iwishwehadtakenthelift.意為“我希望我們乘坐了電梯”，言外之意是我們現在沒有坐電梯；第二句虛擬語氣“IfIhadknownitwassofarup,Iwouldn’thavesuggestedwalking.”意為“如果我知道上來有這么遠，我就不會建議走路了”，言外之意是現在他們現在在爬樓梯，沒有坐電梯。故選B。四、情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣考點精練(一)單句語法填空(真題改編)：在空格處填上適當的詞或用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.【2021.3天津卷單選改編】Itusedtobethatyou

driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空改編】Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_________（have）agoodtimetogether.3.【2018·天津改編】10.Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________（leave）itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.4.【2018·北京改編】Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________（drive）afewmorekilometers.5.【2017·北京卷改編】Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.6.【2016·全國Ⅰ，閱讀A改編】WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchoolin1952,she________notfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.7.【2014·湖南，25改編】—I'vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwe________(not)bringanythingwithus?8.【2014·北京，27改編】________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.9．【2016·北京，31改編】Ilovetheweekend,becauseI_______getupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.10．【2016·浙江，17改編】George________(go)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.11．【2015·北京，29改編】—Can'tyoustayalittlelonger?—It'sgettinglate.Ireally________gonow.Mydaughterishomealone.12．【2015·重慶，12改編】You_______beCarol.Youhaven'tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.13．【2015·陜西，21改編】You________feelallthetrainingawasteoftime，butI'mahundredpercentsurelateryou'llbegratefulyoudidit.14．【2015·福建，27改編】—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.You________havemadefullpreparations.15．【2015·天津，7改編】I________haveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.16．【2015·北京，34改編】IfI________(notsee)itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'thavebelievedit.17．【2015·重慶，7改編】Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway________(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.18．【2015·陜西，23改編】Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI________(dance)aswellasher.19.【2015·天津，13改編】IwishI________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.20.【2015·安徽，32改編】Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe________(have)nowheretostaynow.21.【2014·湖南，22改編】IfMr.Dewey________(be)present，hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.22.【2014·陜西，23改編】Wewouldratherourdaughter________(stay)athomewithus，butitisherchoice，andsheisnotachildanylonger.23.Itishightimewe_________(get)downtodiscussthisplan.24.Iinsistedhe_______(go)toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing______(be)wrongwithhim.25.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe______(be)ill,andhercolleaguessuggestedthatshe_______(have)amedicalexamination.(二)單句語法改錯1.【2018·全國II】Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.2.【2018·江蘇改編】It’s

strangethat

he

wouldhave

t