外研版英語選修八講義Module1DeepSouthSectionⅢIntegratingSkillsCulturalCornerWord版含答案

SectionⅢIntegratingSkills&CulturalCorner重點單詞寫作詞匯1.viaprep. 經(jīng)由，取道2.trapv. 使陷入困境3.crewn． (全體)船員4.privilegen. 榮幸拓展詞匯5.abnormaladj.不正常的，反常的→normaladj.正常的(反義詞)6.absencen．缺乏；沒有→absentadj.缺席的；缺少的7.tiresomeadj.煩人的，令人討厭的→tirev．(使)感到累；(使)厭煩→tiringadj.使人疲勞的→tiredadj.疲勞的；厭煩的8.depressingadj.令人沮喪的；令人抑郁的→depressv．使沮喪；使蕭條→depressedadj.沮喪的；抑郁的→depressionn．沮喪；不景氣，蕭條(期)9.discouragev．阻止；打消……的念頭→encouragev．鼓勵(反義詞)→discouragingadj.令人沮喪的→discouragedadj.灰心的；沮喪的10.inspirationn．鼓舞；啟示；靈感→inspirev．鼓勵；激勵→inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的閱讀詞匯11.lifeboatn． 救生船12.voyagen. (乘船的)旅行，航行13.driftv. 漂流，漂泊14.ceremonialadj. 儀式性的；正式的15.glaren. 刺眼的光16.intenseadj. 強烈的17.sunglassesn. 太陽鏡；墨鏡18.suncreamn. 防曬霜19.severeadj. 艱難的，艱巨的20.eyesightn. 視力；目力21.sunburntadj. 曬傷的22.minusprep. 零下23.numbadj. 麻木的；失去知覺的24.frostn. 霜；霜凍25.clothingn. 衣服；(尤指)某種服裝26.portableadj. 輕便的；便攜的27.pureadj. 干凈的；不含有害物質(zhì)的28.millimetren. 毫米；千分之一米29.sunrisen. 日出30.sunsetn. 日落31.daylightn. 日光；白天32.isolatedadj. 孤單的，孤立的33.platformn. 平臺34.powdern. 粉；粉末35.minimumadj. 最少量；最小數(shù)36.modestadj. 不很昂貴的；適中的37.luxuryn. 奢侈品38.cosyadj. 溫暖舒適的39.dormitoryn. 宿舍；寢室40.canteenn. (工廠等的)食堂，餐廳41.stockv. 儲存，儲備42.laundryn. 待洗的衣物43.emergencyn. 緊急情況；突發(fā)事情44.conventionaladj. 常規(guī)的；普通的45.trickyadj. 困難的，棘手的46.fragileadj. 脆弱的；易碎的47.delicateadj. 嬌氣的，纖弱的48.talen. 傳說；故事49.reliabilityn. 可靠性50.obscureadj. 難理解的，晦澀的51.intimateadj. 親密的52.inhabitv. 居住53.insightn. 洞察力，眼光重點短語1eintosight 進入視野，看得見2.breakup 打碎；分裂；分手；(使)結(jié)束；放假3eupwith 想出4.takearisk 冒險5.keepone’spromise 遵守諾言6.discouragesb.fromdoingsth. 阻止某人做某事7.incaseof 如果；假使8.setoff 動身去9.indetail 詳細(xì)地10.leavebehind 遺留重點句型1.感官動詞＋賓語＋賓補：ShackletonandhismenwatchedtheEndurancesinkinto(眼看著“耐力”號沉入)theicysea.2.狀語從句的省略：Whileontheirjourney(在他們的旅途中)buyingandsellingspices,silksandjewels,theybefriendoneofthemostpowerfulmenonEarth,KublaKhan.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)ReadthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothepassageonPage11.1．What’stheresultifyoudon’twearsunglassesorusesuncreamintheSouthPoles?A．You’llbenumbwithcold.B．You’lldamageyoureyesightorgetbadlysunburnt.C．You’llbeblack.D．You’llhurtyourskin.2．Whatdoesthescientificstationlooklike?A．Thescientificstationissurprisinglyluxurious.B．Thescientificstationiscosybuthassomerestrictionsonpersonallifestyles.C．Thescientificstationprovidesperfectacmodationforlong-termvisitors.D．Thescientificstationhasverybasicequipmentandisunlikeanyotherlivingplaceintheworld.3．Whatshouldvisitorsdo?A．Visitorscandoanythingthattheyliketo.B．Visitorscanonlybuysouvenirsfromthescientificstation,anddonottakeanythingelseaway.C．Visitorsshouldstayaway,andonlyanimalsshouldlivethere.D．Visitorsshouldnottakeanythingawaythatbelongsthere,andshouldtaketheirpossessionsandrubbishwhentheyleave.4．HowmanySouthPolesarethere?A．Therearethree.B．Thereisonlyone.C．Therearetwo：ageographicalPoleandamagneticPole.D．Therearefour.答案：1－4.BBDAeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)ReadthepassageTheTravelsofMarcoPoloonPage13andjudgethefollowingstatementsTrue(T)orFalse(F)．1．ThebookaboutMarcoPolo’stravelswaswrittenbyMarcoPolo．()2．AssoonasMarcobeganhisjourney,hebecameveryfamous．()3．Whenthebookwaspublished,peopleallbelieveditdeeply．()4．OnlypeoplewhoknowChinaverymuchcanunderstandthoseobscurenamesandfacts．()5．ThebookdescribedtheamazingthingsinChinasuchaspapermoneyandcoal．()答案：1－5.FFFTTeintosight進入視野，看得見(教材P7)Butwhenlandcameintosight,theEndurancebecametrappedintheiceandbegantobreakup.但當(dāng)人們看見陸地的時候，“耐力”號卻陷在冰塊里并開始解體。(1)catchsightof 看到，發(fā)現(xiàn)losesightof 看不見(2)in/withinsight 看得見，在視野內(nèi)outofsight 看不見atfirstsight 初看起來，乍一看at(the)sightof 一看見……就……①Whenthethickfogdisappeared,amountaincameintosight.濃霧散去之后，一座山映入眼簾。②Whenthefamoustowercameintosightatlast,wealljumpedwithjoy.當(dāng)那座名塔終于出現(xiàn)在眼前時，我們都高興地跳了起來。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①(上海卷)Atfirstsight,thereisnothingspecialaboutthewatch,butinfactitisamobilephone.②Whenwearrived,therewasn’tanypersonin/withinsight.③Onlyashortsightedmanwilllosesightoftheimportanceofeducation.[鏈接寫作]——用sight的相關(guān)短語填空④(2019·江蘇宿遷高二期末)Suddenlythestringbroke,leavingthekiteflyingfree.Upitflew,higherandhigheruntilitwasoutofsight．⑤Thelittlechilddancedaroundheratthesightof_hismother.⑥Astheplanecamedownthroughtheclouds,greenfieldsandwhitehousescameintosight．breakup打碎；分裂；分解；分手；(使)結(jié)束；放假；(使)破裂；(使)散開(教材P7)Butwhenlandcameintosight,theEndurancebecametrappedintheiceandbegantobreakup.但當(dāng)人們看見陸地的時候，“耐力”號卻陷在冰塊里并開始解體。[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中breakup的含義①Shebrokeuptheglassinsearchofhernotebook.打碎②(江蘇卷)—I’msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhavebrokenup.—SoamI.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.分手③Theyplantobreakthepanyupintoseveralsmallerindependentpanies.分解④Whendoestheschoolbreakupforthesummerholidays？放假breakin 打斷(談話)；突然闖入breakinto 破門而入；打斷；突然……起來breakout 突然爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生breakthrough 突破breakdown 瓦解，分解；機器壞了；身體垮了[鏈接寫作]——完成句子⑤(湖北卷)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)時，他似乎變成了另一個人，變得非常消沉。WhenWorldWarⅠbrokeout,heseemedtohavebeeanotherman,downhearted.⑥(江西卷)早上我們來上班時發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在夜間破門闖入了辦公室。Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebodyhadbrokenintotheofficeduringthenight.discouragev．阻止；打消……的念頭；勸阻(教材P11)Wediscourageyoufromsmokingexceptinspecificareas.除了在一些特殊的區(qū)域，我們勸你不要抽煙。(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth. 勸某人不要做某事(2)discouragedadj. 沮喪的，灰心喪氣的discouragingadj. 令人泄氣的；令人沮喪的(3)encouragev. 鼓勵encouragesb.todosth. 鼓勵某人做某事 ①(湖南卷)Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.不要因任何失敗而灰心，因為你永遠(yuǎn)不清楚自己離成功可能有多近。②Herparentstriedtodiscourageherinterestinmusic,butshepersisted.她父母設(shè)法打消她對音樂的興趣，但她始終堅持。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①(2017·浙江卷6月)Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Don’tgetdiscouraged(discourage)．②a.Insteadofseeingthesetbackassomethingdiscouraging(discourage),justacceptitasapartofthejourney.b．Fromhisdiscouragedlook,Ijudgedthenewswasreallydiscouraging．(discourage)[鏈接寫作]——完成句子③他的父母努力勸他不要出國，但失敗了。Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfromgoingabroad,butfailed.④父母應(yīng)該鼓勵他們的孩子克服困難，并且激勵他們自我發(fā)展。Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentooveredifficultiesandinspirethemtodevelopbythemselves.incaseof如果；假使；以防(教材P11)Medicalassistanceisavailableincaseofanemergency.在緊急情況下可以得到醫(yī)療救助。incase 假使；如果，萬一，以防inthis/thatcase 如果是這樣/那樣的話inanycase 無論如何，總之innocase 決不(置于句首時，句子要部分倒裝)asisoftenthecase 這是常有的事 ①(湖南卷)Incaseofemergency,pleasecalltheHelpDeskat9263736.如遇緊急情況，請打救助臺的9263736。②Incaseoffire,allexitsmustbekeptclear.以防發(fā)生火災(zāi)，所有出口必須保持通暢。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①(2018·天津卷)Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.②Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecauseinnocaseshouldtheorybeseparatedfrompractice.③(山東卷)Thereisnosimpleanswer,asisoftenthecaseinscience.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子④Hemaywinthepetition.Inthatcase(如果那樣的話),heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.⑤Idon’tseewhyIcouldn’tdoit.Inanycase(不管怎樣),I’mgoingtotry.狀語從句的省略(教材P13)Whileontheirjourneybuyingandsellingspices,silksandjewels,theybefriendoneofthemostpowerfulmenonEarth,KublaKhan.在旅途中他們買賣香料、絲綢和珠寶，并與世界上最具影響力的人之一——忽必烈汗結(jié)為朋友。Whileontheirjourney是狀語從句的省略形式，其完整形式是Whiletheyareontheirjourney。(1)如果狀語從句的主語是it或者與主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語含有be動詞，那么可以將從句的主語連同be動詞一起省略。(2)if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略形式有：ifany 如果有的話ifnecessary 如果必要的話ifso 如果是這樣的話ifever 如果曾經(jīng)有的話ifnot 如果不這樣的話①(2016·天津卷)Whenwalkingdownthestreet，IcameacrossDavid,whomIhadn’tseenforyears.當(dāng)沿著街道散步的時候，我遇見了多年未見的戴維。②IfIcanfindthebookhere,itwillbegreat;butifnot,Iwillbuyanewone.如果我在這兒能找到這本書的話，那就太棒了；但是如果找不到，我將會買本新的。[鏈接寫作]——句式升級/完成句子①(普通表達(dá))Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(高級表達(dá))Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference．(省略句)②(北京卷)你贊同我推遲我們的云南之旅嗎？如果贊同，請盡快寫信告訴我。DoyouagreethatIwillputoffourvisittoYunnan？Ifso，writebacktotellmeaboutitassoonaspossible.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．Asisknowntoall,goodeyesight(視力)isarequirementforairplanepilots.2．(2019·江蘇蘇州高二期中)TheFood-for-Lifeprog-rammehashelpedpeoplebysendingemergency(緊急情況)foodaidtocountriesduringtimesoftrouble.3．Myparentsthoughtitwasabnormal(不正常的)foraboytobeinterestedinballet.4．It’sdepressing(令人沮喪的)thatwehavetowaithereforanotherhour.5．Itwasagreatprivilege(榮幸)tobeabletoworkwiththemagain.6．Intheabsence(缺乏)ofanyevidence,thepolicehadtoletMyersgo.7．Thetrafficpolicehavetakenstrongmeasurestodiscourage(阻止)peoplefromdrunkdriving.8．Tobeanartistisnoteasy.Butsometimesdreamscanbearichsourceofinspiration(靈感)foranartist.9．Thepowersourceistheweaklinkintoday’sportable(便攜的)electronics.10．Practicingistiresome(煩人的),butstickwithitandsomedayyouwillbeagoodpianist.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．(四川卷)I’llbeoutforsometime.Incaseofanythingimportanthappens,callmeupimmediately.去掉of2．Haveyouaskedherforthereasonthatmayexplainherabsenceofclasslastweek？of→from3．Thegreatwriterdied,leftbehindmanygreatworks.left→leaving4．Ifnecessarily,thepatientcanthenvisithisdoctorforfurtheradvice.necessarily→necessary5．Sincehehadnotimetoreadthebookondetail,hejustskimmedit.on→ineq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)課文語篇改錯On8thAugust,1914,27menwhohadrepliedtoanadvertisementinTheTimesboardedEndurance,ashipleftfortheAntarctic.ThecaptainofitwasanIrishmancallingErnestShackleton.TheaimfromthejourneywascrossthefrozencontinentviatheSouthPole—ajourneyof1，800miles.Butwhenlandcameintothesight,theEndurancebecametrappedintheiceandbegantobreakout.ShackletonandhismenwatchtheEndurancesinkintotheicysea.Theyheadednorth,pullingthreelifeboatbehindthem.Aftersixdays,badweatherforcedustogiveupandthemensetupcamponasheetoficewherebeganslowlymovingacrosstheAntarcticCircle.答案：On8thAugust,1914,27menwhohadrepliedtoanadvertisementinTheTimesboardedEndurance,ashipeq\f(left,leaving)fortheAntarctic.ThecaptainofitwasanIrishmaneq\f(calling,called)ErnestShackleton.Theaimeq\f(from,of)thejourneywaseq\o(∧,\s\do8(to))crossthefrozencontinentviatheSouthPole—ajourneyof1，800miles.Butwhenlandcameintoeq\a\vs4\al(the)sight,theEndurancebecametrappedintheiceandbegantobreakeq\f(out,up).Shackletonandhismeneq\f(watch,watched)theEndurancesinkintotheicysea.Theyheadednorth,pullingthreeeq\f(lifeboat,lifeboats)behindthem.Aftersixdays,badweatherforcedeq\f(us,them)togiveupandthemensetupcamponasheetoficeeq\f(where,which/that)beganslowlymovingacrosstheAntarcticCircle.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Inspired(inspire)bythesuccessoftheherointhefilm,wedecidedtoworkevenharderthanever.2．Expertsadvisedthatparents(should)discourage(discourage)childrenfromdoinghomeworkbyusingelectronicequipmenttoomuch.3．PleaseremindmeofthemeetingagaintomorrowincaseIforget.4．Thescientistsaretryingtheirbesttoeupwithasolutiontotheproblem.5．Thetestresultswereverydepressing．Obviously,hewasdepressed．(depress)6．Theteacherwasquiteannoyedatherabsence(absent)fromclassthismorning.7．Itisaprivilegetomake(make)aspeechhereandoutofrespectI’dliketointroducemyadvisorfirst.8．(2019·遼陽高二檢測)Theyfailedtoreachthestationontimebecausetheircarbrokedownontheway.9．Theywerewalkingalongtheriverwhenaflowercameintosight.10．Whenfishing(fish)yesterday,hegotafishwhichisabouthalfameterinlength(long)．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解ItookatriptoAntarcticalastyear.FirstIflewfromBuenosAires,Argentina,tothecityofRioGallegosinamilitary(軍事的)plane.ThentheplanetookmeandtheotherstoMarambiobase,inAntarcticafromRioGallegos.Duringthefour-hourtripintheHercules,Iwasimpressedbytheicearoundus.AsIsetfootonAntarcticaforthefirsttimeinmylife,arushofgloryranthroughme.Thescientistsonboardtoldmeabouttheozonelayer(臭氧層)andtheBritishexplorerErnestShackelton,thesecondmantosetfootonAntarctica.IwillneverforgetwhatIwastoldabouttheozonelayer.Iwastolditwasgettingthinnerandthinnerbecauseofpollutionandemissiongases,whicheventuallywouldchangetheweatherbalanceinthewholeplanet.Icouldn’thelpfeelingworriedaboutthefutureofhumansafterIheardthat.InEsperanzabasethereareelementaryschoolsforkids.InJubanybaseIsawigloos(拱形圓頂小屋)anditwasinterestingtolearnthatonlyscientistslivedthere.IwasallowedtogetneartheAntarcticanimals.ThepenguinsaremyfavoritebecausetheyarecuteandIlikethewaytheystickouttheirheadsincuriosity,thewaytheywalkandhowtheysurviveinharshtemperatures.Ialsosawelephantseals,whichfromthedistancelookedlikerocks.Iwasalsoamazedatwatchingtheamazinghumpbackwhales(座頭鯨)forthefirsttimeinmylife.Aftermynine-daytrip,IboardedtheHerculestogetback.IfeltasifIhadbeenonthistripforeverbecauseIhadlosttrackoftimeandspace.Ialsorealizedthatthishadbeenamagicaltrip.【解題導(dǎo)語】作者講述了自己的南極之旅及所見所聞。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theHercules”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A．Aship. B．Aplane.C．Abase. D．Acity.B解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“ThentheplanetookmeandtheotherstoMarambiobase”以及“Iwasimpressedbytheicearoundus”可推斷，畫線部分是指作者他們乘坐的飛機。2．Whatthescientiststoldtheauthorabouttheozonelayerwas________．A．interesting B．positiveC．concerning D．uselessC解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Icouldn’thelpfeelingworriedaboutthefutureofhumansafterIheardthat.”可知，作者聽到這些信息后覺得很擔(dān)憂。3．Whatdidtheauthordoafterhe/shesetfootonAntarctica?A．He/Shelivedinanigloo.B．He/Sheobservedsomepenguins.C．He/Shesawsomerocks.D．He/Sheplayedwithanelephantseal.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“IwasallowedtogetneartheAntarcticanimals.Thepenguinsaremyfavorite”可知，作者在那里觀察了一些企鵝。4．Theauthormostprobablyconsideredhis/hertriptobe________．A．disappointing B．relaxingC．boring D．a(chǎn)mazingD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段的“Ialsorealizedthatthishadbeenamagicaltrip.”可知，作者認(rèn)為這次旅行非常棒。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空(2019·湖北省重點起點考試)Fromchildhood，Moiralovedtowrite.Throughoutschoolshe1writing，butpursuing(追求)it2wasneverapossibility.Herfatherwasadoctor,andhermotherwasanurse.“Medicinewasafairly3choice，”Moirasays,“andwritingwasacareerwhereitwasn’ta4thatyou’dhavehighine.”Shebecameadoctorbutstillwantedtowritesomething.However,beingadoctorwasso5thatshedidn’ttakeupwritinguntilherthirties.She6anovel—afictionalizedversionofhertravelinChinaafteruniversity.Shegotexcellent7．Moirasentitofftoasmanyagentsasshecouldfind,andfoundonewhowantedto8her.Suddenly,itseemedshewasonher9asanauthor.“Ihadonelengthyphonecallwiththeagentwherewe10allpossibleareasthatshethoughtneeded11．Iworkedonthoseandsentitbacktoherbutdidn’thearanything.”Itwasn’tlong12Moirafoundanotheragentwhowas13ifshewaswillingtorewriteitfromthefirstpersontothethirdperson.Shedidthehardworkandsentitoffagain.“Igotbackareallybriefletter：‘Thankyou，I’mnolongerinterested.’Itwasreally14．”Adecadewentby,andMoirafoundherselfeagertowriteagain,thistime15forherownenjoyment.She16herselfthechallengeofcreatingathrillerandchoseWesternAustraliaashersetting.Asshewaswritingjustforherself，somethingsurprisingbegantohappen.“Thecharacters17alifeoftheirown；theystarteddoingthingsIhadn’tthoughtabout.Itjust18．”O(jiān)neday，anagentcalledfromAustralia.Threeweekslater,Moirahadapublicationdeal.Hernovel，Cicada,waspublishedinMarch.“19ithadn’tbeenpublishedIstillgainedsomuchfromthe20，”saysMoira.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文通過Moira愛好寫作并堅持寫作的故事告訴我們：每個人都要為實現(xiàn)自已的夢想而去努力嘗試，只有經(jīng)歷過才能夠有所得，在追求的過程中不要過于擔(dān)心結(jié)果，只有這樣才能成功。1．A.learnt B．a(chǎn)voidedC．considered D．enjoyedD解析：根據(jù)首句“Fromchildhood，Moiralovedtowrite.”可知，從童年開始，Moira就愛好寫作；由此推斷，在上學(xué)期間，她仍然喜歡(enjoyed)寫作。2．A.actively B．professionallyC．energetically D．permanentlyB解析：根據(jù)生活常識及該句中的關(guān)鍵詞“neverapossibility”可知，把寫作當(dāng)作職業(yè)來追求幾乎是不可能的。actively“積極地”；professionally“作為職業(yè)”；energetically“精力充沛地”；permanently“永久地”。3．A.influential B．clearC．terrible D．safeD解析：根據(jù)空處前一句“Herfatherwasadoctor,andhermotherwasanurse.”可知，她的父母會給予她醫(yī)學(xué)方面很多的幫助，所以Moira認(rèn)為醫(yī)學(xué)是一個十分安全的(safe)選擇。4．A.dream B．purposeC．choice D．certaintyD解析：根據(jù)空后的“you’dhavehighine”可知，Moira也認(rèn)為寫作是一個不一定能帶來高收入的職業(yè)。certainty“確定的事”，符合語境，所以選項D正確。5．A.promising B．discouragingC．demanding D．interestingC解析：根據(jù)空后的“shedidn’ttakeupwritinguntilherthirties”可知，醫(yī)生是一個要求很高的職業(yè)，因此她直到三十多歲才開始寫作。promising“有希望的，有前途的”；discouraging“使人泄氣的”；demanding“苛刻的，要求高的”；interesting“有趣的”。所以選項C正確。6．A.produced B．introducedC．bought D．receivedA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，她以大學(xué)畢業(yè)后在中國的旅游經(jīng)歷為背景創(chuàng)作了一本小說。produce“創(chuàng)作，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生”；introduce“介紹”；buy“買”；receive“收到”。所以選項A正確。7．A.rewards B．readersC．reviews D．praisesC解析：根據(jù)該段最后一句“Suddenly,itseemedshewasonher______asanauthor.”可以判斷，這部小說寫出來后，她得到了極好的評論。reward“報酬”；reader“讀者”；review“評論”；praise“贊揚”。所以選項C正確。8．A.employ B．representC．trust D．guideB解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在眾多的代理人中有一個人愿意代理出版這本小說。employ“雇用，使用”；represent“