主題閱讀02 工作職業(yè)(解析版)-【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英語素養(yǎng)提升專練之主題閱讀系列(全國通用)

優(yōu)點英語【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英語素養(yǎng)提升專練之主題閱讀系列(全國通用)主題閱讀02工作職業(yè)1OnNov2,Williams-Cole,aseniorinterdisciplinary(跨學科的)major,swornin(宣誓就職)asthemayorofCampHill,Alabama,US,makinghimtheyoungestpersoninhistorytoholdtheoffice,accordingtoWVTM13,anNBCaffiliate(分支機構(gòu)).Williams-Colewasprompted(促使)torunformayorbecausehewantedtobringchangestohishometown,atownoflessthan1000people.ThecitizensofCampHillhaveseenasaddeclineoftheirtownwithmanyemptystorefronts,treesgrowinginsidewhatusedtobebusinessesandweedssprouting(發(fā)芽)fromsidewalks,accordingtoWSFA12News,Alabama’ssource.“Mymainthingsistocreateafoundationandclearupanydebtswehavetogetourtownfinanciallystable.”Williams-ColetoldAuburnUniversity.“Whiledoingthat,Iwanttocarryoutthingsthatwillincreaseunityinthetown,likedoingquarterlytownhallmeetingsthataremoreinformalandthatcelebratethecommunity.Weneedtoopenupthefloorforpeopletocomplainiftheywant,becausetheyhavetherighttodothatastaxpayers.”Williams-Colehasdesignedadetailedschedulesothathewouldhaveenoughtimeforbothhisstudiesandhisdutiesasamayor.Hehopestousehiseducationandhispositionasmayortohelpotherpeople,especiallychildren.Hesaidhewouldwanttobecomeanadministratorataboardingschool,whichgiveschildrenholistic(全面的)learningthatisessentialtocontemporarysociety.“Coleisdifferent.”MikeFellows,LeeCountyCircuitCourtJudge,toldAuburnUniversity.”“He’sobviouslywillingtodoalotofextraworktoservehiscommunity.Hecaresenoughtodoit,andIthinkthatsaysalotabouthim.”TheyoungmanissettograduateinMay2021.Heplanstoattendeithergradschoolorlawschool,newsoutletCBSreported.1.WhydidWilliams-Colerunformayor?A.HewantstogetsomeworkexperienceB.Thetown’senvironmentissufferingbadlyC.HewantstocontributetohishometownD.It’sapartofhisgraduationproject.2.WhatdoesWilliams-Coleplantodoafterbeingelected?A.Createopportunitiesforpeopletobeheard.B.Hiremoreteachersatboardingschools.C.Holdregularmeetingswithlocalbusiness.D.Setupnewcompaniestopromoteeconomicdevelopment.3.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesWilliams-Cole?A.DemandingB.PatientC.ResponsibleD.Humorous【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了美國阿拉巴馬州坎普希爾市新上任市長的工作愿景。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Williams-Colewasprompted(促使)torunformayorbecausehewantedtobringchangestohishometown,atownoflessthan1000people.”可知，Williams-Cole競選市長主要是想給家鄉(xiāng)帶來變化，為自己的家鄉(xiāng)做貢獻，故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Weneedtoopenupthefloorforpeopletocomplainiftheywant,becausetheyhavetherighttodothatastaxpayers.”（我們需要讓人們有機會抱怨，因為作為納稅人，他們有權(quán)這樣做。）可知，Williams-Cole將傾聽民眾的心聲，故選A。3.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段中“Mymainthingsistocreateafoundationandclearupanydebtswehavetogetourtownfinanciallystable.”可知，Cole想要建立一個基金會，清理我們所有的債務(wù)；“Weneedtoopenupthefloorforpeopletocomplainiftheywant,becausetheyhavetherighttodothatastaxpayers.”傾聽民眾的呼聲，由此可以判斷，Cole是一個有責任心的人。故選C。2FemalescientistswithPhDsearnsubstantiallylessthantheirmalecounterpart(職位相當?shù)娜?.Asurveytrackedmorethan55,700peoplewhoearnedPhDsbetween2018and2019.Overall,about35%ofallPhDrecipientsreportedhavingapermanentjoblinedupatgraduation,amongwhichmenreportedanaverageannualsalaryof$95,000.Womenreportedasalaryof$72,500,agapof$22,500.Inasimilarsurveyin2020,theoverallgendergapinsalarieswas$18,000.Menwereover-representedinrelativelyhigh-payingfieldssuchascomputerscienceandengineering,butinequalitycontinuedtoexistevenwithinfields.Menwithpermanentjobsinthelifesciences,forexample,reportedanexpectedmediansalaryof$87,000,comparedwith$80,000forwomen.Inmathematicsandcomputerscience,menreportedanexpectedmediansalaryof$125,000;forwomen,thatfigurewas$101,500.Salariesandcareerpathscanvarygreatlyfromonescientificdisciplinetoanother,saysMichaelRoach,aneconomistatCornellUniversity.RoachislookingcloselyintodifferencesincareeroutcomesforUSPhDholders.Roachsaysit’sclearthatwomen,onaverage,earnlessthanmenevenwhenallotherfactorsaretakenintoaccount.Inindustrialresearchanddevelopment,therearedifferencesthatcan’tbeexplainedbyabilityordegreeorthestatusofauniversity.Therootcausesofthosedifferencesremainunclear,Roachsays.Onepossibilityisthatmenaremorewillingtonegotiateforhighersalaries.Roachnotesthatsomewomenmighthavetomakesacrificestostartfamilies,butitwouldbeamistaketoblameallincomegapsonlifestyledecisions.“Alotofmenwanttospendmoretimewiththeirfamiliestoo,”hesays.ThereportshowsthataPhDimprovesoverallcareerandsalaryprospects,buttheactualvalueclearlydependsonthefieldofstudy,thedemandsofthemarketplaceand,forreasonsthatstillaren’tclear,thepersonholdingthedegree.Researchersarestilllookingatthefactorsthatmightkeepwomenfromachievingthesamelevelofsuccessthatequallyqualifiedmenareabletoachieve.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacauseofthesalarydifferences?A.Gender. B.Negotiationskills.C.Thefieldofstudy. D.EarningaPhD.5.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichofthefollowingislikelytoearnthehighestsalary?A.Amanworkinginmathematics.B.Awomanworkingincomputerscience.C.Amanworkinginthelifesciences.D.Awomanworkinginthelifescience.6.WhatdoesRoachprobablyagreewith?A.Theincomegapsaremainlycausedbylifestyledecisions.B.Lifestyledecisionsmaynotbetheonlycauseofincomegaps.C.Menaremorelikelytospendtimewiththeirfamiliesthanwomen.D.Womenaremorelikelytospendtimewiththeirfamiliesthanmen.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Todiscussmethodstopreventsalarydifferences.B.Topraisetheresearchers’effort.C.Toraiseawarenessofgenderpaygap.D.Tostresstheimportanceofeducationalbackgrounds.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】本文為一篇說明文，作者就男女收入差問題進行了介紹和分析。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段關(guān)鍵句“Onepossibilityisthatmenaremorewillingtonegotiateforhighersalaries.”（一種可能是男性更愿意為更高的薪水進行談判。）可知，此處作者表達的是協(xié)商的意愿造成了薪水的區(qū)別，而非協(xié)商技能。故選B項。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Menwereover-representedinrelativelyhigh-payingfieldssuchascomputerscienceandengineering,butinequalitycontinuedtoexistevenwithinfields.”（在計算機科學和工程等相對高薪的領(lǐng)域，男性的比例過高，但即便是在各個領(lǐng)域，不平等仍然存在。）及“Menwithpermanentjobsinthelifesciences,forexample,reportedanexpectedmediansalaryof$87,000,comparedwith$80,000forwomen.Inmathematicsandcomputerscience,menreportedanexpectedmediansalaryof$125,000;forwomen,thatfigurewas$101,500.”（例如，在生命科學領(lǐng)域擁有固定工作的男性的預(yù)期薪資中值為8.7萬美元，而女性為8萬美元。在數(shù)學和計算機科學領(lǐng)域，男性的預(yù)期薪資為12.5萬美元；對于女性來說，這個數(shù)字是10.15萬美元。）可知，數(shù)學和計算機領(lǐng)域比生命科學領(lǐng)域收入高，同等專業(yè)領(lǐng)域中男性比女性收入高。因此，在數(shù)學領(lǐng)域工作的男性更可能賺得最高的工資。故選A項。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段關(guān)鍵句“Roachnotesthatsomewomenmighthavetomakesacrificestostartfamilies,butitwouldbeamistaketoblameallincomegapsonlifestyledecisions.‘Alotofmenwanttospendmoretimewiththeirfamiliestoo,’hesays.”（羅奇指出，一些女性可能不得不做出犧牲來組建家庭，但將所有收入差距歸咎于生活方式的決定是錯誤的。“很多男人也想花更多的時間和家人在一起，”他說。）可知，羅奇認為生活方式并不是收入差的唯一理由。故選B項。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段關(guān)鍵句“FemalescientistswithPhDsearnsubstantiallylessthantheirmalecounterpart.”（擁有博士學位的女性科學家的收入遠低于男性同行。）并結(jié)合全文來看，文章主要是圍繞男女收入差的問題進行了介紹和分析，因此，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是提高對性別收入差距的認識。故選C項。3EachyeartheHayFestivalattractssomeoftheworld’sleadingwriters,artistsandthinkers,totalk,sharetheirthoughtsandideasandmeetaudiences.EnsuringguestsarewarmlyreceivedandwelllookedafterduringtheirstayhasalwaysbeenatopmissionandoneoftheFestival’skeyjobs.Alleventsmanagementstudentvolunteersneedtobeattentiveandhelpful.Inreturn,theygetthechancetomeetsomeamazing,creativepeople,andexperiencethedailyrunningofafast-movinginternationalfestival,wheretime-keepingisimportantand,aboveall,performersandaudienceleavehavinghadathoroughlyenjoyable,stimulating(啟發(fā)性的)andthought-inspiringday.Werequirevolunteersintwoareas:EventsManagementEventsmanagementstudentvolunteershelpoutwithawiderangeofdutiesincludingmeetingandgreetingauthors,assistingwithbooksignings,accompanyingartiststoevents,stagemanagementassistanceandmanningreceptiondesks.CreativeWorkshopsCreativeworkshopsstudentvolunteersassistauthors,illustratorsandworkshopleadersinthesettingupandrunningofworkshops.Theserolesmayinterestthosewhohaveaparticularinterestinvisualartsand/orillustration.DatesThe2021festivaldatesareThursday15July—Sunday25July.Applicantswillneedtobeavailableforthedurationofthefestival.Whocanapply?Wearelookingfor24youngpeoplebetweentheagesof18and25,whocandemonstrateapassionfortheartsandinterestineventsmanagement.PleasesendaCVandashortcoveringlettertoellen@(forEventsManagement)oradrian@(forCreativeWorkshops).Theclosingdateforbothapplicationsis28May2021,andwewillletapplicantsknowwhetherthey’vebeensuccessfulasearlyaspossibleinJune2021.Pleaseindicatewhichroleyouareapplyingfororexpressapreference.Ifshortlisted(入圍),you’llneedtobeavailableforashortSkypeinterview.8.WhatisthepriorityoftheHayFestivalsduty?A.Tomeetcreativepeople.B.Toserveguestswell.C.Toreceivemorevisitors.D.Toexchangeideas.9.Whatmustbementionedintheapplicationletter?A.Thedesiredrole.B.AvailableTime.C.Acoveringletter.D.Personalinterests.10.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_________.A.eventsmanagementstudentvolunteersassistauthors,illustratorsandworkshopleadersinthesettingupandrunningofworkshops.B.youngpeoplewhoareenthusiasticaboutartsandeventsmanagementwillhaveanadvantage.C.the2021festivalwilllastabouthalfamonth.D.ifanapplicantisshortlisted,hecanhavethevolunteerjobdirectly.【答案】8.B9.A10.B【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章對HayFestival的志愿者招募進行了詳細介紹。8.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“EnsuringguestsarewarmlyreceivedandwelllookedafterduringtheirstayhasalwaysbeenatopmissionandoneoftheFestival'skeyjobs.(確保客人在入住期間受到熱情的接待和良好的照顧一直是HayFestivals的首要任務(wù),也是HayFestivals的主要工作之一。)”可知，HayFestivals的優(yōu)先任務(wù)是好好服務(wù)客人。故選B。9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒第二句“Pleaseindicatewhichroleyouareapplyingfororexpressapreference.”(請注明您所申請的職位或表達您的偏好。)可知，所申請的職位必須在申請信中提出。故選A。10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Wearelookingfor24youngpeoplebetweentheagesof18and25,whocandemonstrateapassionfortheartsandinterestineventsmanagement.(我們正在尋找24位年齡在18至25歲之間，對藝術(shù)有熱情，對活動管理有興趣的年輕人。)可知，對藝術(shù)和活動管理有熱情的年輕人將會有優(yōu)勢。故選B。4IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,Iwastreadingwater,justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidn’tthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatIdidwasdull.Ihadenoughsavingstotakeayearoffwork,andIdecidedtotrytosatisfyadeep-downwishtowriteanovel.AttendingaNovelWritingMAcoursegavemethestructureIneededtowritemyfirst55,000words.Ittakesconfidencetomakeanew-startthere’sadarkperiodin-betweenwhereyou’reneitheronethingnortheother.You’reoutfordinnerandpeopleaskwhatyoudo,andyou’retooashamedtosay,“Well,I’mwritinganovel,butI’mnotquitesureifI’mgoingtogetthere.”Myconfidencedived.Believingmynovelcouldnotbepublished,Iputitaside.ThenImetanagen(代理商)whosaidIshouldsendmynovelouttoagents.So,Ididand,tomysurprise,gotsomewonderfulfeedback.IfeltalittlehopethatImightactuallybecomeapublishedwriterand,aftersigningwithanagent,Ifinishedthesecondhalfofthenovel.Thenextproblemwasfindingapublisher.Aftertwo-and-a-halfyearsofnoincome,justwaitingandwondering,apublisherofferedmeabookdeal—thatpublisherturnedouttobetheoneIonceworkedfor.Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.Whenyousetouttodosomethingdifferent,there’snoendinsight,sotofindmyselfinapositionwhereInowhavemyownnameonacontract(合同)ofthepublisher—tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding(有回報的).11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph？A.Iwasseekingtofindanadmirablejob. B.Iwaswaitingforgoodfortune.C.Iwasbeingaimlessaboutanappropriatejob. D.Iwasdoingseveraljobsformoreatatime.12.Whydidtheauthorbegintowriteanovel?A.Becausetheauthorwantedtofinishthewritingcourse.B.Becausetheauthoraimedtofulfillhisdream.C.Becausetheauthorwouldliketomeetreaders’needs.D.Becausetheauthorintendedtoearnmoremoney.13.Howdidtheauthorfeelhalfwaywiththenovel?A.Unsure B.Ashamed C.Confident D.Embarrassed14.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Goodluckmakesadifference.B.Hardworkcanleadtosuccess.C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.D.Itpaystosticktoone'sdream.【答案】11.C12.B13.A14.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者大學畢業(yè)時獲得英國文學學位,但是不知道自己該干什么。做過一些工作后明白自己還是樂意與書打交道,接著就是寫小說、找代理人、簽約、找出版商，最后終于成為一名作家。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo…Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.（我在大學畢業(yè)時獲得了英國文學的好學位，但對自己想做什么一無所知。在接下來的六年里，我一直在原地踏步，只是想掙點收入。我嘗試過新聞業(yè)，但我覺得自己一點也不在行;然后是我討厭的金融行業(yè)。最后，我在一家著名的出版社找到了一份權(quán)利助理的工作。）”可推知，作者對合適的工作沒有目標。故選C。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Idecidedtotrytosatisfyadeep-downwishtowriteanovel.（我決定試著滿足自己寫小說的內(nèi)心愿望。）”可推知，作者寫小說是為了實現(xiàn)他的夢想。故選B。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“I’mwritinganovel,butI'mnotquitesureifI'mgoingtogetthere（我正在寫一部小說，但我不太確定我是否能寫得那樣好）”可知，作者在寫小說的過程中并不確定是否能達到目標。故選A。14.主旨大意題。文章講述作者大學畢業(yè)時獲得英國文學學位,但是不知道自己該干什么。做過一些工作后明白自己還是樂意與書打交道,接著就是寫小說、找代理人、簽約、找出版商，最后終于成為一名作家。結(jié)合最后一段的“sotofindmyselfinapositionwhereInowhavemyownnameonacontract(合同)ofthepublisher—tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding(有回報的).（發(fā)現(xiàn)自己現(xiàn)在處在一個在出版社的合同上有自己的名字的位置——成為一名出版作家——是難以置信的回報）”可知，通過堅持和努力找到自己的位置是值得的,D選項“Itpaystosticktoone'sgoal(堅持自己的目標是值得的)”符合文章主旨。故選D。5HousekeepingServices—Theyarelookingforaresponsible,professional,detail-oriented,experiencedhousekeepertotakecareofallcleaningdetailsofalocalbusinessinAngwin.Thispersonwillbeneededapproximately2-3timesperweekforabout8hoursperday.Pleaseemailthemforadditionalinformationandbereadytoprovideresumeandworkhistory.Driver’slicenserequiredandtheabilitytoliftatleast50pounds.Paywillbe$20-$25perhour.Tocontactthem,emailrecruitingangwin@.CaregiverPosition—Lookingforacaregivertohelpwitha91-year-oldwomanwholivesinCalistoga.ShespeaksbothEnglishandSpanish,butSpanishisherpreference.Shesleepsquiteabitduringthedaysothereistimetodohomework.Shecannotbeleftalonebecausesheisafallrisk.Shewalkswithawalkeronherown.Pleasecall9257858500ifinterested.WorshipMusicLeader—FirstPresbyterianChurch(FPC)inNapaislookingforsomeonewhowillselectsongsandusemediaforchurchservicesonSundays.Applicantsmustbeabletocommit8-10hoursperweekforserviceandmeetingsaswellasbeingavailableeverySundayfrom9:00amto12:00pm.Thepayisabout$18anhour.DetailedjobinformationwillbepostedonthePayrollOffice’swindow.Ifinterested,sendyourcoverletterandresumetoDavidStokeratdavid@.CateringCompany—OakAvenueisapremiercateringcompanyinSt.Helenasearchingforpassionatepeopletojointheirtalentedteamofchefsandserviceprofessionals.Hoursareflexibleandcanworkaroundstudents’schedules.Part-timepositionsavailableforaspiring(有抱負的)chefs,bakers,servicehelpers,andcaptains.PleasesendabriefcoverletterandresumetoMaritza@orcall7079639278formoreinformation.15.Toworkasahousekeeper,oneneedsto_________.A.bequalifiedtodriveB.bealocalinAngwinC.workabout8hoursperweekD.beabletospeaktwolanguages16.Whatdoweknowaboutthecaregiverposition?A.TheapplicanthadbetterspeakSpanish.B.TheapplicantmustspeakEnglishverywell.C.Theapplicantcannotdohomeworkwhileonduty.D.Theapplicantcanleavethewomanaloneoccasionally.17.Ifyouwanttobecomeagreatbaker,whichshouldyoucontact?A.9257858500.B.7079639278.C.David@.D.Recruitingangwin@.【答案】15.A16.A17.B【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個兼職工作。15.細節(jié)理解題。由HousekeepingServices部分中的“Driver’slicenserequired”可知，該工作要求申請者有駕駛證。故選A。16.細節(jié)理解題。由CaregiverPosition部分中的“ShespeaksbothEnglishandSpanish,butSpanishisherpreference.”她會同時說英語和西班牙語，但她更喜歡說西班牙語。可知，申請者最好會說西班牙語。故選A。17.細節(jié)理解題。由CateringCompany部分中的“Part-timepositionsavailableforaspiring(有抱負的)chefs,bakers,servicehelpers,andcaptains.”兼職職位提供給有抱負的廚師、面包師、服務(wù)助手和船長，以及“call7079639278”。如果你想成為一個出色的面包師，你應(yīng)該打7079639278。故選B。6Forthepastdecade,NoutsadyhasbeenworkingwiththePowerConstructionCorporationofChina(POWERCHINA)andgrownintoanexperiencedandreliablestaffmemberofitsLaos'branchcompany.Noutsady,bornin1986incentralLaos'hillyHinHeupDistrict,wenttothecapitalVientianealoneattheageof21tolookforajobandgoonwithherstudy.In2009,withsoundknowledgeofaccountingandfavorableEnglishcommunicationskills,shestoodoutfrommanyapplicantsandbecameanemployeeofPOWERCHINA'sLaoCementIndustryCo.,Lid.Noutsadyshowedhertalentandabilitysoonintheaccountingposition,completingnearly200paymentsformorethan50downstreamcarrierseverymonth,timelyandaccurately.WorkingandspendingtimetogetherhasbroughtNoutsadyandherChinesecolleaguescloser."IfeelgreatwithPOWERCHINA,andIwilltrytoachievethesamelikePOWERCHINAto'keeppromisesandmakepromisesvaluable'andstartanewlifehere,"Noutsadytoldreporters.Whentalkingaboutthecementproductsofthecompany,Noutsadyisfullofpride."WeareoneoftheearliestcementproducersinLaos,"shesaid."Fromthemanyhydropowerplantsaroundthecountrytothebroad450thAnniversaryAvenueinthecapitalandthesplendidLaoNationalConventionCenter,evenmanyhousebuildingsinmyhometown,ourcementisused."Inthelastdecade,theLaoladyhasnotonlyseenthedevelopmentofthecementcompany,butalsosetupherownsmallfamily.Now,Noutsadyliveswithherdaughterinacomfortableapartmentprovidedbythecompany.Attheendof2019,shewashonoredasanoutstandingforeignemployeeofPOWERCHINA."AnothernewdecadehasbegunandIwillvalueitevenmore,lovingmydaughte