屆高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)句式結(jié)構(gòu)（外研）

句式結(jié)構(gòu)一、祈使句1．祈使句的否定式是在句首原形動詞前加don’t或never。Pleasedon’tforgettotakeyourmedicine.2．祈使句的反義疑問句是在句末加“willyou？”。Haveanotherpieceofcake，willyou?Don’tmakeanynoise，willyou?3．祈使句前加助動詞do用來加強(qiáng)語氣。Doturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.4．祈使句可以帶主語。(1)為了加強(qiáng)語氣或特別指明向誰提出要求或發(fā)出命令時，需加上主語“you”，有時還可同時加上稱呼語。Tom，youwatertheflowers!(2)命令或吩咐幾個人分頭做幾件事情時，祈使句需帶主語“you”。You，girls，cleanthedesks，you，boys，sweepthefloor.(3)表達(dá)“不高興、厭煩”等情緒時，可帶主語“you”。Youmindyourownbusiness！你少管閑事！(4)祈使句的主語還可用“everybody，everyone，somebody，somone，nobody”或第三人稱。Someoneanswerthephone!誰去接一下電話！5．以Let’s或Letus開頭的祈使句。Let’tgetdowntowork，shallwe?Letuscalmdown，willyou?6．構(gòu)成句式：祈使句＋and/or＋簡單句。MakeamoveandI’llshoot.(＝Ifyoumakeamove，I’llshoot.)Goaway，orIwillcallthepolice.(＝Ifyoudon’tgoaway，Iwillcallthepolice.)二、感嘆句1．基本句式(1)What＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語Whatacleverboyheis!(2)What＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語Whatfineweatherwearehavingtoday!(3)What＋形容詞＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語Whatbeautifulflowerstheseare!(4)How＋形容詞或副詞＋主語＋謂語Howhighthemountainis!

2．特殊句式(1)How＋形容詞＋a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語Howdifficultaproblemitis!(2)How＋主語＋謂語Howweloveourmotherland!三、therebe句型1．Therebe句型是一種特殊句式，表示“在什么地方存在什么人或事物”。在此句式中，be是謂語動詞，be后面的名詞是主語。Thereisatalltreeinfrontoftheclassroom.Therearemanydesksandchairsintheroom.2．therebe句式中的be有時可用seemtobe，happentobe，usedtobe，havetobe等替代。Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithme.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewa

3．therebe句式中的be可用remain，live，stand，lie，exist等不及物動詞替代。Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.Nooneknowsexactlyifthereexistotherlivingthingsintheuniverse.4．therebe句式有時可用于非謂語動詞中，有兩種形式：therebeing和theretobe。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness，Ideclaredthemeetingclosed.由于沒有其他事情，我宣布散會。Idon’twanttheretobeanotherconflict.我不希望再有沖突發(fā)生。5．用于組成特殊句式。(1)thereisnouse/point/sense(in)doing...“做某事沒用或沒意義”。Thereisnopoint(in)worryingaboutit.(2)thereisnodoubtabout.../thereisnodoubtthat...“毫無疑問……”。Thereisnodoubtthatshehastoldthetruth.

(3)thereisnoneedfor.../thereisnoneedtodo...“沒有必要……”。Thereisnoneedtohurry，isthere?(4)thereisnodoing...“不可能……；無法……；沒有辦法……”。Thereisnoknowinghowlonghemightbeaway.無法知道他要離開多長時間。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事不可開玩笑。四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述句。形式：itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who...ItisIwhoamtoblame.應(yīng)受責(zé)備的是我。2．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)一般疑問句。形式：is/wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who...?Wasitin1896thatthemodernOlympicGamesstarted?此時，還可以把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于賓語從句中，但要注意語序的變化。IwonderifitisProfessorWangthatteachesyouEnglish.3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問句。形式：疑問詞＋is/wasitthat...?Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?打破窗子的是誰？此時，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型亦可用于賓語從句中，但要注意語序的變化。Idon’tunderstandwhyitisthatsmokingisnotallowedhere.4．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until...句型。形式：itis/wasnotuntil＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that...Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.5．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別。判斷是否為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，可先把itis/was...that/when/where/since...去掉，如果剩下的部分無論在語法上還是在意義上都仍然是完整的句子，那么就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是。ItwasonJanuray1stthatIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.(去掉itwas...that...后：OnJanuary1stIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.很明顯句子是完整的，所以這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意是“我是在元月一日拜訪了朋友詹尼佛?！?ItwasJanuary1stwhenIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.(去掉itwas...when...后：January1stIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.顯然句子不完整，所以這不是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而是一個帶有時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句。句意是“那天是元月一日，我去拜訪了朋友詹尼佛?！?五、倒裝句1．全部倒裝下列情況下，句子要使用全部倒裝(1)表示方位的副詞(如up，down，out，in，away，round，here，there)放在句首，句子的謂語動詞是表示運(yùn)動的不及物動物(如go，come，run，rush，fly)，主語是名詞(注：不能是代詞)。HerecomesthetraintoBeijing.但主語如果是人稱代詞，則句子不用倒裝，主語仍置于動詞之前。Thedooropenedandinshecame.【注】在全部倒裝句中，謂語動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，不能用進(jìn)行時、將來時或完成時態(tài)。(2)表示時間的副詞now，then放在句首，句子的謂語動詞是come，主語是名詞(注：不能是代詞)。Nowcomesyourturn.(3)介詞短語放在句首作狀語，句子的謂語動詞是不及物動詞(如lie，stand，sit，exist，stretch，come)或系動詞be，主語是名詞(注：不能是代詞)。Afterthebanquetcameafireworkdisplayinthegarden.(4)代詞such放在句首，句子的謂語動詞是be。Sucharethefacts；noonecandenythem.(5)分詞短語放在句首，句子的謂語動詞是be，主語是名詞。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout17.2．部分倒裝下列情況下，句子要使用部分倒裝：(1)“only＋副詞、介詞短語或從句”放在句首時。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(2)含有否定意義的副詞(如never，seldom，little，nowhere，hardly等)放在句首時。Neverinhistoryhastechnologymadesuchrapidprogress.(3)“nota＋n.”“notasingle＋n.”“notonce”或“notuntil...”等短語放在句首時。Notaworddidhesayatthelastmeeting.(4)表示否定意義的介詞短語(如atnotime，onnoaccount，undernocircumstances，bynomeans，innoway等)放在句首時。UndernocircumstancescouldIagreetosuchaprinciple.

(5)在hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，notonly...butalso...引導(dǎo)兩個分句時，如把hardly，nosooner或notonly放在句首，前一個分句中的主謂要用部分倒裝，后一個分句中則不用倒裝。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.(6)在“so＋助動詞＋主語”和“neither/nor＋助動詞＋主語”中。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends；sodothosewithdisabilities.Idon’tknow，nordoIcare.(7)在“so＋adj./adv.＋that...”句式中，如將“so＋adj./adv.”放在句首時。Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.Soloudlydidhespeakthateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.(8)當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有助動詞had，were或should時，如將if省略，則要將had，were或should等移到主語前。Haditnotbeenforyoursupport，Iwouldnothavesucceeded.Shoulditraintomorrow，wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.過關(guān)落實(shí)1．—It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.

—________herthisweekend?A．WhynotvisitB．WhynottovisitC．WhynotvisitingD．Whydon’tvisit

解析：“whynotdo...”means“whydon’tyoudo...”用來提出建議“為何不……”。答案：A

2．—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.

—________.A．SoismineB．SomineisC．SodoesmineD．Sominedoes

解析：“so＋助動詞＋主語”表示前面出現(xiàn)的情況同樣適用于后者。答案：C3．Idon’tmindhercriticizingme，but______ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.A．itB．thatC．thisD．which

解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中只能用it。答案：A4．Youhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder，________youwon’tpassthecourse.A．a(chǎn)ndB．soC．butD．or

解析：并列連詞or譯為“否則”。答案：D5．Whenyou’vefinishedwiththatbook，don’tforgettoputitbackontheshelf，________？

A．doyouB．don’tyouC．willyouD．won’tyou

解析：否定祈使句的反意疑問句應(yīng)用“willyou？”。答案：C6．Helpotherswheneveryoucan________youwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.A．a(chǎn)ndB．orC．unlessD．but

解析：祈使句＋and＋簡單句。答案：A7．—Jackboughtanewmobilephonetheotherday.

—________？That’shisthirdoneinjustonemonth.A．HadheB．DidheC．DoesheD．Hashe

解析：由上下文可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時。答案：B8．—Youshouldapologizetoher，Barry.

—________，butit’snotgoingtobeeasy.A．IsupposesoB．IfeelsoC．IprefertoD．Iliketo

解析：“我也這么認(rèn)為?！笔呛喡源鹫Z。答案：A9．Realityisnotthewayyouwishthingstobe，northewaytheyappeartobe，________thewaytheyactuallyare.A．a(chǎn)sB．orC．butD．a(chǎn)nd

解析：“not...nor...but...”表示“不是……，也不是……，而是……”。答案：C10．Thelittleboycameridingwithfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle.________itwas!A．WhatadangeroussceneB．WhatdangerousasceneC．HowadangeroussceneD．Howdangerousthescene

解析：感嘆句what＋a/an＋adj.＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語。答案：A11．Davidsaidthatitwasbecauseofhisstronginterestinliterature________hechosethecourse.A．thatB．whatC．whyD．how

解析：此句包括了itwas＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的原因狀語＋that句型結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A12．Sodifficult________ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A．IdidfindB．didIfindC．IhavefoundD．haveIfound

解析：本句中so＋difficult(adj.)位于句首，前一分句要用部分倒裝。答案：B13．—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?

—No，nosooner________thanithappened.A．hadshegoneB．shehadgoneC．hasshegoneD．shehasgone

解析：nosooner...than...引導(dǎo)兩個分句時，nosooner位于句首，前一分句要用部分倒裝。答案：A14．I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans________withmyprogress.A．theteacherisnotsatisfiedB．istheteachernotsatisfiedC．theteacherissatisfiedD．i