第12講-英語(yǔ)基本句式 2022年初高中英語(yǔ)無(wú)縫銜接講義20講+精練（原卷版）

優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)基本句式英語(yǔ)句型按功能分，可以分為：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句；若按結(jié)構(gòu)分，可以分為：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。按功能分：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句一、陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法陳述句:陳述句是用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降調(diào)，句末用句號(hào)“.”。Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisn'tbeautiful.陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成(1)如果肯定陳述句的謂語(yǔ)部分含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be，則只需在這些動(dòng)詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式。Heisplayingtheguitar.(肯定)他在彈吉他。Heisnotplayingtheguitar.(否定)他不在彈吉他。Wecangettherebeforedark(肯定)我們能在天黑前到那兒。Wecan'tgettheebeforedark(否定)我們不能在天黑前到那兒。(2)如果陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，而其中又沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則需根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)在該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加don’t.doesn’t或didn’t。同時(shí)把該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵巍eplaystheviolinwell.(肯定)他拉小提琴拉得好。Hedoesn'tplaytheviolinwell(否定)他拉小提請(qǐng)不算好。Shewonthegame.(肯定)她贏了比賽。Shedidn'twinthegame.(否定)她輸了比賽。如果句子是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have(有)，除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要變?yōu)閍ny。如:Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Thereisnotanywaterinthecup·Hehassomebooks.→Hehasnotanybooks.除not以外，否定詞no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可構(gòu)成否定句。如:Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.→Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike·Ihaveseenthefilm.→Ihaveneverseenthefilm.二、祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法祈使句是用來(lái)表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、號(hào)召等的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)“!”或句號(hào)“.”。朗讀時(shí)一般用降調(diào)。1.肯定的祈使句:(1)祈使句主語(yǔ)是you時(shí)，you常省略，但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒時(shí)可以有主語(yǔ)或稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)。Bequiet.Youbequiet!“Do+祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請(qǐng)求，do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。Docomebackatonce!Dobecareful.(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語(yǔ)氣，但please用在句末時(shí)，必須用逗號(hào)與其余部分分開(kāi)。Openthewindow,please.(4)let引導(dǎo)祈使句時(shí)，后面需跟上人稱(chēng)代詞或稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)，人稱(chēng)代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱(chēng)。·LetJackwaitaminute.讓Jack等一下。"Let'sgotoschool.我們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)吧。(5)在祈使句中，Let’s和Letus是有區(qū)別的。Let’s包括說(shuō)話(huà)者和聽(tīng)話(huà)者，而Letus不包括聽(tīng)話(huà)者在內(nèi)。這點(diǎn)從反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)可明顯看出。Let'sgoskating,shallwe?(表示內(nèi)部的建議)我們一起去滑冰吧!Letustryagain,willyou?(表示向別人發(fā)出請(qǐng)求)讓我們?cè)僭囈淮伟?，好?2.否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never開(kāi)頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:“Don’t(Never)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分”。如:Don'tdothatagain!Neverleavetoday'sworkfortomorrow!Don'tbelatenexttime!三、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法1.一般疑問(wèn)句:(1)一般疑問(wèn)句的肯定形式一般疑問(wèn)句一般是指以助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞或have(有)開(kāi)始，通常要求以yes，或no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句，一般疑問(wèn)句讀時(shí)通常用升調(diào)。DoyouknowMr.Smith?Canyouswim?(2)一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)①在一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞not放在一般疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)之后。但如果用not的簡(jiǎn)略形式-n’t，則須將-n’t與一般疑問(wèn)句句首的be，have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞寫(xiě)在一起。在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，一般都采用簡(jiǎn)略式。Areyounotafootballfan?Aren'tyouafootballfan?.Willshenotlikeit?Won'tshelikeit?②與漢語(yǔ)不同的是，英語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語(yǔ)是否定還是肯定，全由答語(yǔ)的否定或肯定來(lái)決定。若答語(yǔ)是肯定的，則用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu);若答語(yǔ)是否定的，則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。--Aren'tyouafootballfan?--Yes,Iam./--No,Iamnot.--Won'tshelikeit?--Yes,shewill./-No,shewon’t.2.特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)句由“疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝語(yǔ)序，但如果主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)代詞或由疑問(wèn)代詞修飾時(shí)，用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。特殊疑問(wèn)句不能用yes或no回答，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。如:Whoisondutytoday?HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?WhatmustIdonow?常用的特殊疑問(wèn)句:詢(xún)問(wèn)職業(yè)、身份:--Whatisyourfather?--Heisadoctor.詢(xún)問(wèn)姓名或關(guān)系:--Whoisthatboy?--HeisJack.詢(xún)問(wèn)相貌特征:--Whatisshelike?/Whatdoesshelooklike?--Sheistall.詢(xún)問(wèn)目的:--Whatdidtheycomeherefor?--Toattendameeting.詢(xún)問(wèn)原因:--Whydidtheycomehere?--Becausetheyhaveameetingtoattend.詢(xún)問(wèn)天氣:--Howistheweathertoday?/Whatistheweatherliketoday?--It’sfine.詢(xún)問(wèn)顏色:--Whatdolorisherskirt?-It'sred.詢(xún)問(wèn)尺寸:--Whatsizedoeshewear?--Hewears40.詢(xún)問(wèn)幾點(diǎn):--Whattimeisit?--It's7:30.詢(xún)問(wèn)星期幾:--Whatdayistoday?--It'sTuesday.詢(xún)問(wèn)日期:--Whatisthedatetoday?--It'sMay2nd.詢(xún)問(wèn)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間:--Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?--Forfivemonths.詢(xún)問(wèn)長(zhǎng)度:--Howlongisthebridge?--Its500metres.詢(xún)問(wèn)距離(多遠(yuǎn)):--Howfarisitfromheretothezoo?--Its6kilometers.詢(xún)問(wèn)頻度(多經(jīng)常):--Howoftendoyoucomeback?--Onceaweek.詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間經(jīng)過(guò)(多快):--Howsoonwillshearrive?--Inanweek.詢(xún)問(wèn)數(shù)量:--Howmanyjacketsdoyouhave?--Three.詢(xún)問(wèn)價(jià)格:--Howmuchisit?/Howmuchdoesitcost?--Fivedollars.詢(xún)問(wèn)高度:--Howtallisshe?/Howhighisthetower?--She’s1.73metres.It’s450metres.3.選擇疑問(wèn)句:選擇疑問(wèn)句是說(shuō)話(huà)者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對(duì)方選擇回答的疑問(wèn)句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接，or前面的部分讀升調(diào)，or后面的部分讀降調(diào)。選擇疑問(wèn)句不能用ves或no回答，而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。Isyourbagyelloworblack?It’sblack.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo--Whichdoyoulikebetter,singingordancing?--Ilikedancingbetter4.反意疑問(wèn)句:反意疑問(wèn)句是指在陳述句之后附加一個(gè)意思與之相反的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，問(wèn)對(duì)方是否整同的錯(cuò)問(wèn)句。附加問(wèn)句的否定式必須縮寫(xiě)?？隙ǖ年愂鼍浜蟾穸ǖ母郊訂?wèn)句，否定的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問(wèn)句。Iamyourteacher,aren'tI?·Hedidn’tstudyhard,didhe?(7)如果陳述句中含有否定詞never(從不，決不)。hardly(幾乎不)，否定不定代詞或形容詞，如nothing，none，noone，nobody，neither，few，little等，則附加問(wèn)句只能用肯定式。如:.Theyhardlywritetoeachother.dothey?Hehasfoundnothing,hashe?.Fewpeopleknewthesecret,didthey?(3)當(dāng)反意疑問(wèn)句是“否定陳述句+肯定附加問(wèn)句”時(shí)，英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)的回答習(xí)慣存在差異，英語(yǔ)回答時(shí)只看實(shí)際情況，若答語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”，答語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容是否定的就用“No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”，而譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，則必須把yes譯“不是”，把no譯成“是的”。----Youwon’tbeawayforlong,willyou?---Yes,Iwill/---No,Iwon’t.---Idon’tthinkshe'llcomebybike,willshe?--Yes,shewill/---Noshewon't.四、由what.how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別感嘆句是表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)以及驚異等感情的句子。句末用感嘆號(hào)“!”，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)，感嘆句往往由what或how引導(dǎo)，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞。1.what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:(1)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)).Whatabeautifulcityitis!Whataninterestingstoryshetold!What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))Whatexpensivewatchestheyare!.Whatterribleweatheritis!2.how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:(1)How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))·Howcolditis!Howhardheworks!How+陳述句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)).Howheloveshisson!·HowImissyou!How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))Howtallatreeitis!這個(gè)樹(shù)多高啊!(4)上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。如:Whatacleverboyheis!Howclevertheboyis!.Whatacolddayitis!→Howcolditis!句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分類(lèi):簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句 簡(jiǎn)單句就是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或 并列謂語(yǔ))即一套句子主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句，含有兩個(gè)或更多的相互并列的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫做并列各分句靠連詞和逗號(hào)、分號(hào)來(lái)連接，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:(1)分句+并列連詞+分句;(2)分句+分號(hào)+分句。復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句又稱(chēng)主從復(fù)合句，由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成，主句為句子的主體，從句不能獨(dú)立，只能做句子的一個(gè)成分。如:HelikesEnglishandhatesPE.(簡(jiǎn)單句)ThisisthefirsttimeshehascometoChinaandshelikeshere.(并列句)WhenDavidwaswaitingforthebus,hesawalittleboycrossingthestreetalone.(復(fù)合句)一、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1.S+V→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)，后可跟狀語(yǔ)Thebus stoppedsuddenly. SViTom hasn'tarrivedyet. SVi【注意】有些動(dòng)詞可用作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞，用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)與副詞連用，表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的特性，常帶有被動(dòng)色彩。如:Hernewbooksellswell.(sell的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)“被賣(mài)”)Proteindigestsslowly.(digest的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)“被消化”)Yournewpenwritessmoothly.(write的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)“被用來(lái)寫(xiě)”)2.S+V+P→主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)，后可跟狀語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞主要有:be(am/is/are),look,sound,smell,taste,feel;stay/keep,seem,appearturn/get/become/grow。表語(yǔ)可以是名詞，形容詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，V-ing形式，V-cd形式，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子等)。Theskirt looksbeautiful. SVPMydreamistobeateacher.SVP【注意】(1)常用于表達(dá)處于某種狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞有beseem,look,appear,feel,sound,smell,taste等。Helookspaleandhemustfallill.---Letsplayfootball./--Soundsgreat(2達(dá)“變得”“被證明”的系動(dòng)詞有become,get,turn,grow,prove,come等。Itgotcolderwhennightcame.Hisdreamcametrue.Herstoryprovedtrue.只肉體或精神上由強(qiáng)變?nèi)?，或者指物由好變壞，用如gobad/deaf/madThemeatwentbad.Theradiohasgongwronggo和turn還可用于指人或物顏色的變化。如:Heturned/wentbluewithcold.他凍得臉色發(fā)青了。(5)turn后可以加年齡或時(shí)間，表示達(dá)到或超過(guò)某個(gè)時(shí)間或年齡。Heturned50lastSunday.It'stunedmidnight.*說(shuō)明:turn還可指變成“什么樣的人”這時(shí)候，做表語(yǔ)的名詞前一定不加冠詞。Herparentswanthertoturndoctor=Herparentswanthertobecomeadoctor.(6)常用keep，remain，stay,continue表示“保持”某種狀態(tài)Tomkeptsilentabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.Tom對(duì)這次事故保持沉默，以免丟了工作。*Georgeremainedafarmerwhilehisbrotherwenttothecity.Thecornershopstaysopenuntil11:30insummer3.S+V+O→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞，部分不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟介詞后，也可接賓語(yǔ)。Ilike English. S V DO She likes watchingTV. S V DO She wantstogoshopping. S V DO Tom getstoschoolat6:00am. S V DO Jim ismaking akite. S V DO S+V+IO+DO→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(雙賓動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)。雙賓語(yǔ)中指人的稱(chēng)為“間接賓語(yǔ)”，指物的稱(chēng)為“直接賓語(yǔ)”。接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有buy，give，show，tell，teach,offer等。一般直接賓語(yǔ)(DO)為物(不能用人稱(chēng)代詞代替)，間接賓語(yǔ)(IO)為人。以give，lend，tell，send，show，pass為代表的動(dòng)詞可將間接賓語(yǔ)改為to引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)。(to表示“方向”，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的方向)如:Shegavemeapen.SVIODOSheboughthimabook.SVIODO*說(shuō)明:此句型可轉(zhuǎn)換為S+V+DO+tofor+IO結(jié)構(gòu)，如上述兩句可分別改為:*Shegaveapenme.Sheboughtabookhim.(2)以buy，make，sing，cook，get為代表的動(dòng)詞可將間接賓語(yǔ)改為由for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)。(for表示“為了…”，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的受益者。)Motherboughtmeanewpairofshoes.=Motherboughtanewpairofshoesforme.Hecookedusadeliciousmeal.=Hecookedadeliciousmealforus.5.S+V+O+OC→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要有adj./n./todo/adv./prep.和分詞，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也變成主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:IfindEnglish [easy].SVOOCTheykeeptheireyes[closed]. SVOOCSheaskedme[togoshopping].SVOOCShemakesme[laugh].SVOOCIwishyou[agoodholiday].SVOOCIcanhearTom[singinganEnglishsong]SVOOC(1)感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)補(bǔ)出to。如:Heoftenmadehissistercrybuttodayhewasmadetocrybyhissister.(2)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的賓補(bǔ)是從句，不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在賓補(bǔ)之后。如:Hemadeitaruletogojoggingeverymorning.Hefounditimpossibleforhimtofinishthetaskaheadoftime.檢測(cè)訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Workhard,________youwillsucceedsoonerorlater.A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．a(chǎn)lso D．or2．Emily,youareplayingvideogamesagain!Studyhard,________youwillfailinthecomingexam.A．then B．so C．a(chǎn)nd D．or3．OnMayDay,Kellyhelpedhermotheralotwithhousework._________workshehasdone!A．Whatahard B．Whathard C．Howahard D．Howhard4．—Let’sgoandplayfootball,________?—That’swonderful.A．willyou B．doyou C．won’twe D．shallwe5．—I’dliketofindsomeinformationaboutHainanIsland.Wouldyoupleaseteachme________tosurftheInternet?—Withpleasure.A．what B．when C．how D．where6．Putonyourcoat,________youwillcatchacold.A．so B．but C．a(chǎn)nd D．or7．________theboyistolearntotalk!A．Howslow B．Howslowly C．Whataslow D．Whataslowly8．________isthepopulationofHenan?A．Howmuch B．How C．What D．Howabout9．Idon'tthinkhewillcometonight,________A．won'the B．willhe C．doeshe D．doesn'the10．Thereisnowateroraironthemoon,________?A．isthere B．isn'tthere C．isit D．isn'tit11．________longthebridgeis!Letmedriveyouoverit.A．What B．Whata C．How D．Howa12．—Areyougoingtoborrowadictionaryoramagazine?—_________.A．Yes,adictionary B．No,amagazine C．Adictionary D．Yes,both13．—________isitfromtheChildren'sPalacetotheRailwayStation,Tom?—About10minutes'ridebybus.A．Howsoon B．Howlong C．Howfar D．Howmuch14．—Johnisn’tafootballcoach,ishe?—__________.A．No,buthewas B．Yes,heisn’t C．Yes,hewasn’t D．No,heis15．Idon'tthinkhewillcomeontime,_______?A．doI B．don'tI C．doesn'the D．willhe16．---Janewasn’tinwhenJackcame,wasshe?---,butshereturnedafewminuteslater.A．No,shewas B．No,shewasn’tC．Yes,shewas D．Yes,shewasn’t.17．—___haveyoubeeninBeijing?—Forfiveyears.A．Howmany B．Howsoon C．Howlong二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換18．Mr.BlackhasbeeninChinaforsixyears.（對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)）____________hasMr.BlackbeeninChina?19．Bothofusdothedisheseveryday.（改為否定句）____________usdoesthedisheseveryday.20．Jackhasalreadyfinishedreadingthebook.（改為否定句）Jack________________readingthebookyet.21．JennyreadherfirstChinesebookonhersixthbirthday.（畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)）________________JennyreadherfirstChinesebook?22．Iaminterestedinwriting.(改為否定句)I________________interestedinwriting.23．HisgrandparentsliveinShanghai.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))________________hisgrandparentslive?24．Therearesomeapplesinthebasket.(改為否定句)There____________________applesinthebasket.25．WewillturnoffthelightsforanhouronEarthDay.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))____________________youturnoffthelightsforanhour?26．ShehasboughtanewTVforhermother.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句)_________she________anewTVforhermother?三、完成句子27．你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有想到你兒子也許知道這個(gè)秘密了嗎？Didn’tit__________________toyouthatyoursonmightbe__________________ofthesecret？28．不要擔(dān)心，他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)這里。(完成譯句)____________________.Hewillarrivehereontime.29．不要熬夜，否則你會(huì)在課上打瞌睡Don’t__________________,oryouwillfeelsleepyinclass.30．當(dāng)你閱讀時(shí)，不要查閱每個(gè)生詞。（look）

Don't__________________everywordyoudon'tknowwhileyouarereading.能力提升Text1（2022·河北·邢臺(tái)市第二中學(xué)高一開(kāi)學(xué)考試）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。MyhusbandandIwerewatering____1____(flower)intheyardwhenanoldmanpassingby____2____(stop)totalkwithus.HeaskedustoguesshisageandIthoughthewas75yearsold.However,thatwas____3____(obvious)wrong.Hewasactually94!Hesaidhecouldn’tfindpeopletotalkto.Iinvitedhimtositonourbench.Iaskedhim____4____wasthesecrettohislongevity(長(zhǎng)壽).Hetoldmethathehadbeenarichlawyerbeforeretirementbuthewanteda____5____(peace)mind.Thensomeoneadvisedhimthatheshouldtrytohelpotherstohavepeaceofmind.Then,thenewfriendmadea____6____(contribute)tocharity.Hegaveawayallhispension(退休金).Hesaidhelivedwithhissonanddidn’tneedthemoney.Heenjoyed____7____(talk)andacceptedmyofferofsomedesserts(甜點(diǎn)).Afterafewminutes,thedessertsforhisson____8____(pack)tooandhegavemeasilkscarfas____9____gift.Iamgratefulforthischance,whichmakesmeknowthatifyouwantpeaceofmind,dobehelpfultoothers.Thischancealsoremindedme_____10_____avaluableidea:Topracticepeace!Test2（2022·黑龍江·雙鴨山一中高一開(kāi)學(xué)考試）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AnAmericangamethathastraveledwellisbasketball.____11____isnowplayedbymorethan250millionpeopleworldwideinan____12____(organize)way,aswellasbycountlessothersininformalgames.Basketballbeganin1891,whenaminister,____13____(call)JamesNaismith,wasaskedtoteachaclassofyoungmeninSpringfield,Massachusetts.Theclasswasknown____14____beingdifficulttoteachandNaismithwastoldtoinventanewgame____15____(keep)theyoungmenbusy.Thenitwaswinterandverycoldoutside.Itneededtobeagamethatcouldbeplayedindoors.Naismith____16____(think)backtohischildhoodinCanadawhereheandhisfriendshadplayedagamewhichhadinvolved(需要)tryingtohit____17____bigstoneoffarockwithsmallerstones.Healsoremembered____18____(watch)rugbyplayersthrowaballintoaboxorfruitbasket____19____hadbeenraisedup.Naismithmadeupthe_____20_____(rule)forthegameinlessthananhour.Mostofthemstillapplyinsomeformtoday.Test3（2022·黑龍江·哈師大附中高一開(kāi)學(xué)考試）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China'sonlinefooddeliveryplatformEle.mehascarriedoutanewserviceofpickingupgarbagefromitsusersinShanghai____21____July2019.Theservicecomesafter____22____recently-releasedregulationonwastemanagementinShanghai.Individuals____23____throwawaytheirgarbagewithoutsortingitcanbefinedupto200yuan,whilecompaniesand____24____(organize)canfacefinesupto5,000yuan.Thetrashtakingservicerequiresresidentstosort____25____(they)owngarbagebeforeit____26____(pick)upbyworkersfromEle.me,whowillensurethewasteisdisposedofinthecorrectgarbagebins.It'sobviousthatthisserviceis____27____(convenience)totheold,especiallytothedisabled