閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥

閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥通常，閱讀理解的題型可概括如下：細(xì)節(jié)理解題；B.主旨大意題；C.推理判斷題；D.詞義猜測(cè)題;一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.設(shè)問(wèn)形式：此類(lèi)型的問(wèn)題常以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等詞引導(dǎo)。2.應(yīng)對(duì)策略：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞或句，鎖定文中位置反復(fù)推敲，仔細(xì)甄別。Atalatenightnewsconference,Nicholsonsaidoneteamhadadvancedabout4800feetinthefourhourssinceenteringtheminejustbefore6p.m.Anotherteamenteredthemineabout30minuteslater.Iftheteamadvancedatanaveragespeed,theycoulddigabout_________perhour.A.1000feetB.2400feetC.1200feetD.4800feetForthesafetyoftheartworksandothervisitor.Nothingmaybecarriedonavisitor’sback,Softfrontbabycarriersareallowed,butchildrenmaynotbecarriedonshouldersorinachildcarrierwornontheback.Pushchairsareavailablefreeofchargeneareachcheckroom.ParentswithsmallchildrenvisitingtheGallery______.

A.cancarrytheirchildreninsoftfrontchildcarriers.

B.cancarrytheirchildrenontheirshoulders

C.cancarrytheirchildreninchildcarrierswornontheback

D.oughttopayiftheywanttousepushchairsfortheirchildrenPicture-taking(includingvideo)forpersonaluseispermittedexceptinspecialexhibitionsandwherespecificallyprohibited.Tripods(三腳架)arenotallowed.Visitingphotographersshouldmakesurethat______.

A.picturesandvideosareallowedforpersonaluseanywhereintheGallery

B.picturesandvideoscanbetakeninsomeplacesforpersonaluse

C.picture-takingandvideoingaretotallyforbiddenintheGallery

D.tripodsareallowedexceptinsomespecialexhibitions二、主旨大意題1.設(shè)問(wèn)形式：themainidea,thebesttitle等。2.應(yīng)對(duì)策略:區(qū)分主要信息和細(xì)節(jié)性信息緊扣首尾不放松(尤其是首段或首句)瞻前顧后來(lái)總結(jié)(整合每段主題句，通常為每段第一句)Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Thethingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.Q:Whatisthetopicofthetext?A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealingD.ANormalChild’sActions.Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Question:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.HowsleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.WhenpeopleremembertheirdreamsInShanxiProvinceyoumaybeofferedbrainstoeat.Frightened?Youshouldn’Brainsasakindoffoodwereinventedmorethan300yearsagobyFuShan,anartistwhosemotherhadbeenillforalongtime.Tohelpherbecomewellagain,hestudiedmedicineandinventedakindofsoup(湯)madeofmeat,vegetablesandanumberofChinesemedicines.Richwinewasalsousedinthesouptohelpillnesscausedbyoldage.Fu’ssoupbecamethetalkofthetown.Manypeoplecametoseehim.Onedayarestaurantowneraskedhimwhatwasinthesoup.“I’lltellyou,”Fusaid,“butifyourrestaurantisgoingtoselltosoup,youmustcallitbrainsbecauseofitsshapeandcolor.Andyourrestaurantshouldberenamedaftermymother.”Q:Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_______.A.AGoodSonB.ASpecialSoupC.HowtoMakeBrainsD.HowtoLiveLongLife.三、推理判斷題1.設(shè)問(wèn)形式：此類(lèi)題型的問(wèn)題常含有conclude、infer、theauthor’s(writer’s)opinion(attitude)等詞2.應(yīng)對(duì)策略：(回歸原文，但要高于原文。)找出能傳達(dá)作者一定情感色彩的詞或句(SignalWords)。1）根據(jù)帶有情感色彩的詞句推斷2）根據(jù)上下文邏輯——并列或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系推斷3）根據(jù)上下文邏輯因果關(guān)系推斷Whyisn'tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder，bribery（行賄），anddeath．Frankly，I'msickofallthisbadnews．Thisauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto______

．A．complainB．a(chǎn)pologizeC．a(chǎn)museD．informMoreandcleverercomputerswillcontinuetoappear．Theywilltakeovermoretasksfromus，helpingtochangethefaceofourworld．Somepeopleeventhinkthatsoonerorlatercomputerswillreplaceus.However…..Whichofthefollowingstatementswillbestcontinuetheparagraph？A．Computerswillsoonstopdeveloping．B．Manypeoplelikecomputersverymuch．C．Computersareascleverasman．D．Idonotthinkcomputerswillreplaceuscompletely．---Idecideditwastimetointroducehertowordprocessing(文字處理).Thisprovedtobeabiggerchallengetoher,soIgavehersomehomework.Iaskedhertowritemealetter,usingdifferentlettertypes,colorsandspaces(‘06全國(guó)Ⅱ,C)Theauthoraskedthemothertowriteheraletter________.A.becausehermotherhadstoppedusingthetelephone.B.becauseshewantedtokeepintouchwithhermother.C.sothathermothercouldpracticewhatshehadlearnedD.sothathermothercouldbefreefromhousework四、詞義猜測(cè)1.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測(cè)詞義2.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句推測(cè)詞義3.根據(jù)并列/遞進(jìn)或?qū)Ρ?轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義(同義詞或反義詞；并列連詞或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞)4.根據(jù)分號(hào)、破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)甚至括號(hào)來(lái)推測(cè)詞義5.根據(jù)來(lái)列舉推測(cè)詞義1.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople'shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.3.Tornadoes(violentanddestructivewhirlwind)normallyoccuronhot,humid(alittlewet)day.4.Theywillbeonthenightshift—frommidnightto6a.m.—nextweek

5.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.6.Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.7.ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots;Mr.Simon,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.8.SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.五.常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤A.擴(kuò)大范圍(all,every…)B.縮小范圍(only,no…)C.偷換概念D.無(wú)中生有六、技巧點(diǎn)撥A.基本原則：回歸原文B.閱讀順序：1、reading---questions---reading2、questions---reading---questions注：不同的題材、不同的題型決定不同的閱讀方法；C.閱讀方法：1.標(biāo)注法：有助于理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，思路；便于查找，節(jié)省時(shí)間2.摘錄法：長(zhǎng)期積累，有助于寫(xiě)作的提高

AOurtownisintheeasternpartofourcountry.Onceayear,weelectagirltoshowhowbeautifulandgreatourtownis.Allthegirlsareeagertogetthispositioninanefforttobecomepopular.Itwasnotaneasychoicethisyear,sincetherewereeightgirlstochoosefrom.TheelderjudgefinallydecidedthateitherSaraorMaywouldgettheposition.Bothgirlswerebeautifulwithextraordinaryappearance.Besides,theyhadagoodeducationandcaredabouthowpollutionhadabadeffectontheearth.Mostimportant,bothgirlsgotupearlytoeateggsattheirbreakfast.Eggswereimportanttopeopleoftheeastofourtownbecausetheeconomyheredependedmainlyontheproductionofeggs.“Eithergirlwillwin,”myfathersaid,“Butsomeonewillcryintheend.”“Eitherwillbefine,”Isaid,“Theyarebothgreatgirls.”Thefinalroundwasheldattheeastedgeofourtown.Saralivednearbysoshedidnotneedtogetupearlytoarrive.However,shewasthefirstpersonthere.“Youknowwhattheysayabouttheearlybird.”shesaidwithasmile.However,Mayarrivedfifteenminuteslatetothecompetition.“It’sthetaxidriver’sfault,”shesaid.“Itoldhimtoheadeast,buthewasinoneearandthoughtIsaidBreadCheese.Youknow,BreadCheeseisthenameofourneighboringtown.”IthoughtMaywouldcertainlylosebecauseshewaslate,buttomysurprise,sheturnedouttobethisyear’swinner.Thejudgeslikedheranswertotheirlastquestion,“Ifyoucouldhaveanythingintheworld,whatwoulditbe?”Sarareplied,“Worldpeace.”May,ontheotherhand,said,“Bettermarkettohaveoureggssellwell”.56.Whywasitdifficulttomakeachoicethisyear?A.Becausethegirlsjustlookedalike. B.Becausepeoplehadtochoosefromeightgirls.C.Becauseallthegirlslikedeggs. D.Becauseallthegirlshadagoodeducation.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Youknowwhattheysayabouttheearlybird.”mean?A.shelikedtheearlybirdverymuch.B.shewassurethatshewouldsucceed.C.shelivednearby,sosheshouldgetthereearly.D.shewantedtoshowoffhergoodlanguageknowledge.58.WhywasMaychosenintheend?A.Becauseshearrivedlateandgaveenoughexplanation.B.BecauseshegaveadifferentanswerfromSara’s.C.BecauseshelookedmorebeautifulthanSara.D.BecauseheranswerwasmorepracticalthanSara’s.59.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmapsiscorrect?BIfyouhaveheardthereportthattheCabinet（內(nèi)閣）ofthegovernmentoftheMaldives,anIndianislandnation,hasheldameetingunderwatertomakepeopleawareofclimatechange,youwillgraspthechancetovisittheMaldivesassoonaspossible.ActivitiesThepurewhitebeachesandbrilliantsunlightintheMaldivesinvitetouristswithpromisesof“thelastparadise（天堂）onearth”.It'salsoamajordestinationforscubadivers,whocomeforthefantasticcoralreefs（珊瑚礁）andthewealthoflifeintheocean.Butit'snotaplaceforthosewithalowtravelbudget（預(yù)算）orthosewhowanttotravelindependentlyandliveasthelocalsdo.ThetourismstrategyTourismintheMaldivesiscarefullymanaged.Thelackoflocalresourcesmakesitnecessarytoimporteverythingthatavisitorneeds,soitcan'treallycompeteonprice.Thestrategyhasbeentodevelopalimitednumberofgoodtouristspots,eachonitsislandswherenopeoplelive.Thetourismstrategyalsoaimstoreducethebadeffectsoftourismontheirtraditionalwayoflife.Touristscanpayshortguidedvisitstolocalfishingvillages,butmustthenreturntotheirtouristspot.Tostaylongerortotraveltoislandsoutsidethetouristzonerequiresagoodreasonandaspecialpermit.WarningTheislandsoftheMaldiveswerehitbyatsunami（海嘯）causedbyabigunderwaterearthquakeonDecember26.TheMaldives—apopulardivingandhoneymoondestinationintheIndianOcean—isoneofseveralnationscirclingtheBayofBengalthatwerehitbytheterriblewaves.Around50peoplehavebeenkilled.Travelersareurgedtodelayvisitingthoseareas,andtoseekadvicefromtheirlocalgovernments.60.Thispassagemostlikelyappearsina(an).A.CDreview B.artreport C.travelguide D.historybook61.ThemostpopularactivitiesinMaldivesdoNOTinclude________.A.ridinganelephant B.goingscubadiving C.doingsunbathing D.enjoyingthebeautifulscenery62.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.TheMaldivesisaperfectdestinationforpeoplewithalowtravelbudgetB.TheMaldivesislocatedintheIndianOceanC.VisitorscantraveltoislandsoutsidethetouristzonewithoutanypermitD.ThegovernmentoftheMaldivesneverconsidersprotectingtheirtraditionalwayoflifeCAllofushavereadthrilling（驚險(xiǎn)的）storiesinwhichtheherohadonlyalimitedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasayear;sometimesasshortastwenty-fourhours,butwewerealwaysinterestedindiscoveringjusthowtheherochosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.Suchstoriesmakeusthinkandwonderwhatweshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.Whathappinessandregretsshouldwefindinthinkingaboutthepast?Sometimes,Ihavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.Suchanattitudewouldemphasize（強(qiáng)調(diào)）sharplythevaluesoflife.Weshouldliveeachdaywithappreciationwhichisoftenlostwhentimestretches（延伸）beforeuswithmoredaysandmonthsandyearstocome.Mostofustakelifeforgranted.Weknowthatonedaywemustdie,butusuallywepicturethatdayasfarinthefuture.Whenweareinpleasanthealth,deathisunimaginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutendlessly.Sowegoaboutourlittletask,hardlyaware