2-托福雅思語法培訓(xùn)-時(shí)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)語法課程一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.1表示不受時(shí)限的客觀存在：包括客觀真理、格言、科學(xué)事實(shí)及其他不受時(shí)限的事實(shí)

eg:Theearthrotatesonitsaxis.

Arollingstonegathersnomoss.

LondonstandsontheRiverThames.1.2

表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣動(dòng)作：現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里某種動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性

Eg:Ioftengotoworkonfoot.

Myfatherdoesn’tsmoke.

Healwayssleepswithhiswindowsopen.1.3表示現(xiàn)時(shí)狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作：現(xiàn)時(shí)狀態(tài)通常帶有一定的持續(xù)性，適用于靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞；而現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作通常為轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的動(dòng)作，適用于動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

Eg:Someoneisatthedoor.

Whatdoyouthink?

Itakethiscardfromthepackandplaceitunderthehandkerchief.

Look,hecatchesthebasketball.

1.4表示將來時(shí)間和過去時(shí)間。1.4.1Ihope/wish/bet/suggest+that-分句

Eg:Ihopeshelikestheflowers.

Ibetitrainstomorrow.1.4.2see(toit)/makesure/makecertain+that-分句Eg:I’llsee(toit)thatyoudon’tgetlost.1.4.3由if/when引導(dǎo)的條件分句和時(shí)間分句Eg:Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoshopping.1.4.4tell/say/hear/learn/gather等來表示Eg:Alicetellsmeyou’reenteringcollegenextyear.Eg:IhearpooroldMrsSmithhaslostherson.ExercisesMy

daughter

___

(watch)

TV

every

day.

Sometimes

she

__(see)

a

film

on

Sunday.

-He

________

(say)

that

Prof.

Li

is

tired.

3.-____

you

think

he

will

come?

-If

it

________

tomorrow,

he

will

not

come.

A.

Do

/

rains

B.

Are

/

rains

C.

Do

/

will

rain

D.

Are

/

will

rain

4.The

little

child

____

not

even

know

that

the

moon

________

around

the

earth.

A.

do

/

move

B.

do

/

moves

C.

does

/

moves

D.

did

/

movedWatches,seessaysAC2.一般過去時(shí)2.1表示過去時(shí)間：在特定過去一段時(shí)間中一次完成的動(dòng)作、一度存在的狀態(tài)或過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。Eg.WevisitedafactorylastFriday.

Thistownwasonceabeautyspot.

Hehasgivenupsmoking,butayearagohesmoked100cigarettesaweek.2.2表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間和將來時(shí)間。2.2.1want,wonder,think,hope等其后（that）-分句，表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣Eg.A:Didyouwantme?

B:Yes,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.2.2.2It’stime…,Iwish…,I’drather…等其后that-分句，以及在某些條件句中，表示主觀設(shè)想Eg.It’stimeyouhadaholiday.

Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast！Exercises1.______

you

_______

me?

I

thought

I

________

you

calling

me.

A.

Did,

call,

heard

B.

Have,

called,

heard

C.

Have,

called,

have

heard

D.

Were,

call,

heard2.

As

soon

as

he

________,

he

______

to

his

family.

A.

arrived,

writes

B.

arrived,

written

C.

arrived,

wrote

D.

had

arrived,

write

3.—Did

the

thieves

_____

into

the

car?

—No,

they______.

A.

fell,

didn’t

B.

fall,

did

C.

jump,

didn’t

D.

jump,

did4.

Hello,

Mike.

It’s

you.

I

_____

you

______

in

Beijing.

How

long

have

you

been

here?

A.

don’t

know,

were

B.

hadn’t

known,

are

C.

haven’t

known,

are

D.

didn’t

know,

wereACCD3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體3.1表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：一般由表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示Eg.Whatareyoudoing?Iamwritingaletter.

Hurryup!We'reallwaitingforyou.3.2表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：在說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行，帶有暫時(shí)性Eg.Heisworkinginachemicalfactorythesedays.3.3表示按計(jì)劃安排近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：進(jìn)行體表示將來時(shí)間的用法Eg.Mr.SmithisleavingChinainafewweeks.

IamgoingtoQingdaoforthesummerholiday.3.4其他用法3.4.1表示剛剛過去的動(dòng)作（口語中）Eg.Idon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.

Youdon’tbelieveit?Iamtellingthetruth.Iamhopingyou’llgiveussomeadvice.ExercisesThe

Greens____supper

now.

不知道能不能跟您談?wù)?。女孩子們正在吃早餐?/p>

Is/arehaveingI’mwonderingifImayhaveawordwithyou.Thegirlsarehavingtheirbreakfastnow.4.1表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：這一用法通常把時(shí)間狀語表示出來，或通過上下文把時(shí)間暗示出來Eg.Whatwereyoudoingyesterdayat7am?

WhenIwentdownstairs,theywerealreadyeatingbreakfast.4.過去進(jìn)行式

4.2表示過去某種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作：過去某一階段暫時(shí)性的習(xí)慣Eg.Georgewasgettingupat5everydaythatweek.

4.3表示過去將來時(shí)間里的動(dòng)作：按照計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的過去將來事態(tài)Eg.Theywereleavingafewdayslater.

Hetoldmetowakehimupifhewassleeping.4.4表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間和將來時(shí)間里的動(dòng)作4.4.1表示委婉語氣：限于hope,want,wonder等動(dòng)詞，主要表示有禮貌的請(qǐng)求Eg.Iwaswonderingifyou’dliketocomeoutwithmeoneevening.

Iwashopingyoucouldsendmesomebooks.4.4.2補(bǔ)充：委婉語氣的比較Trytocompare:

Ihopeyoucansendmesomebooks.

Ihopdedyoucouldsendmesomebooks.

Iamhopingyoucansendmesomebooks.

Iwashopingyoucouldsendmesomebooks.4.4.3

表示主觀臆想的情況:僅限于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Eg.Iwishtheywerenottalkingsoloudly.

I’dratheryouweregoingatonce.

Wouldyoustayalittlelonger,ifyouwereenjoyingyourself?

Itistimewewereleaving.Exercises1、昨晚我給你打電話時(shí)，你正在干什么？

2、他們想知道我們什么時(shí)候去上海。

3.I

don

'

t

think

Jim

saw

me;

he

___

into

space.

A.

just

stared

B.

was

just

staring

C.

has

just

stared

D.

had

just

stared

4.---Hey,

look

where

you

are

going!

---Oh,

I

'

m

terribly

sorry.________.

A.

I

'

m

not

noticing

B.

I

wasn

'

t

noticing

C.

I

haven

'

t

noticed

D.

I

don

'

t

notice

What

were

you

doing

when

I

phoned

you

last

night.BThey

wanted

to

know

when

we

were

leaving

for

Shanghai.B5.現(xiàn)在完成體和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體5.1現(xiàn)在完成體：表示“已完成”“未完成”5.1.1“已完成”指動(dòng)作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前某個(gè)沒有明確說出的過去時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了，并與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。Eg.Hehasturnedoffthelight.(在一個(gè)過去時(shí)間被關(guān)掉，說話時(shí)仍關(guān)著)5.1.2“未完成”指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始，繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下去。Eg.He'slivedheresince1960.5.2現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體：用法與5.1.2“未完成”相仿Eg.I'vebeenwritinglettersforanhour

(andI'vestillgotsomemoretodo).

I'vebeensittinginthegarden

(andhavejustcomeindoors).有時(shí)兩者可互換

Eg.We'vebeenlivingherefortenyears

We'velivedherefortenyears但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體帶有持續(xù)性、暫時(shí)性和未完成性，有時(shí)不可互換

Eg.Who'sbeeneatingmydinner?

Who'seatenmydinner?

(還有些剩下)全吃光了Exercises1.Both

his

parents

look

sad

.

Maybe

they

______what's

happened

to

him

.

A.

knew

B.

have

known

C.

must

know

D.will

know2.--______

you

___

your

homework

yet

?

--Yes,

I

_____

it

a

moment

ago.

A.Did

do

finished

B.Have

done

finished

C.Have

done

have

finished

D.will

do

finish3.Mr.

Li

______swimming

for

3

hours,

and

his

son

______an

hour

ago.

A.has

been,

started

B.have

started,

has

started

C.started,

started

D.

Has

started,

has

started4.He

_______

it

for

two

hours,

and

he's

still

watching

now.

A.has

been

watched

B.watching

C.has

been

watching

D.is

watchingBBAC6.過去完成體和過去完成進(jìn)行體6.1過去完成體“已完成”：一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成結(jié)束Eg.Ihadwrittentheletterwhentheycame.“未完成”：一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間Eg.By6o'clocktheyhadworkedtwelvehours.6.2過去完成進(jìn)行體:用法與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體相仿，只是將時(shí)間推移到了過去Eg.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.可替換使用Eg.I'dbeenworkingforthreehourswhenhecalled.

I'dworkedforthreehourswhenhecalled.6.3補(bǔ)充6.3.1完成體與since-分句：自某時(shí)以來，一直進(jìn)行或未進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)Eg.Mr.SmithhastaughtEnglishatthisinstitutesince1979.6.3.2Itisthefirsttimethat-分句：Eg.It'sthefirsttimeI'vebeenhere.Exercises1．He

asked

me

____

during

the

summer

holidays.

A.

where

I

had

been

B.

where

I

had

gone

C.

where

had

I

been

D.

where

had

I

gone

2.

I

______

900

English

words

by

the

time

I

was

ten。

A.

learned

B.

was

learning

C.

had

learned

D.

learnt3.

By

the

time

he

was

ten

years

old,

he

________.

A.

has

completed

university

B.

has

completed

the

university

C.

had

completed

an

university

D.

had

completed

university

4.

They

____

on

the

program

for

almost

one

week

before

I

joined

them,

and

now

we

______

on

it

as

no

good

results

have

come

out

so

far.

A.

had

been

working;

are

still

working

B.

had

worked;

were

still

working

C.

have

been

working;

have

worked

D.

have

worked;

are

still

working

5.盡管拉斐爾沒做什么錯(cuò)事，但他還是挨罵了。CADARafael

was

scolded

even

though

he

hadn't

been

doing

anything

wrong.

7.將來時(shí)間的表示方法7.1will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形:will用于第一、二、三人稱主語，shall用于第一人稱，常夾雜著情態(tài)意義即帶有說話人的主觀態(tài)度和看法;有時(shí)既表示將來，也含有意愿Eg.Hewon'tbehereintimeunlesshecomesbyair.

I'msureIshan'tlosemywayinthewoods.

You'llfailthetestifyoudon'tworkhard.

I'lldoit,ifyoulike.7.2will/shall+進(jìn)行體/完成體/完成進(jìn)行體：

帶有“自然要發(fā)生”的含義，不包含“意愿”、“意圖”等情態(tài)意義；

也表示將來某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一時(shí)段前已完成的動(dòng)作；

一定語境中表示說話人的揣測。Eg.Thetrainwillbearrivingattwoo'clock.

I'llbetellingyouallaboutitwhenwemeet.

Youcanusemybike.Iwon'tbeneedingittomorrow.

I'llhavefinishedmyworkbyfivethisafternoon.

BytheendofnextmonthIshallhavebeenworkingherefor

20yearsexactly.

It'salreadysixo'clock.Hewon'tbeworkingnow.7.3begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形：表示“意圖”，即打算在將來做某事；表示“預(yù)見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某種情況。

Eg.Howlongishegoingtostayhere?

Wearegoingtocallameetingtodiscussit.

I