定語(yǔ)從句課件【知識(shí)精講+備課精研】 高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句的基本原理011.定語(yǔ)從句是名詞的后置定語(yǔ)Weneedateacher

whodoesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.Wearelivinginanage

whenunnecessarythingsareouronlynecessities.我們生活在一個(gè)不需品成為必需品的時(shí)代。我們需要一個(gè)不會(huì)讓我們上課睡著的老師。Theprofessor

whosecourseIamtakingisexcellent.教我課的那位教授很優(yōu)秀。2.定語(yǔ)從句是由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并而成的Weneedateacher

whodoesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.Wearelivinginanage

whenunnecessarythingsareouronlynecessities.Theprofessor

whosecourseIamtakingisexcellent.Weneedateacher.He/Shedoesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.Wearelivinginanage.Inthisage,unnecessarythingsareouronlynecessities.Theprofessorisexcellent.

Iamtakinghiscourse.主、從句各一句兩句互有指代關(guān)系3.定語(yǔ)從句的兩個(gè)重要概念：先行詞與關(guān)系詞Weneedateacher

who

doesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.Wearelivinginanage

whenunnecessarythingsareouronlynecessities.Theprofessor

whosecourseIamtakingisexcellent.1）先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的對(duì)象稱為先行詞。通常為名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句。2）關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連詞。3）關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分。3.定語(yǔ)從句的兩個(gè)重要概念：先行詞與關(guān)系詞4）關(guān)系詞的分類：關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中的成分關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)關(guān)系限定詞whose人或物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句021.結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別分類逗號(hào)例句從句與先行詞關(guān)系限制性無(wú)Weneedateacher

whodoesn’tmakeusfallasleepinclass.修飾Theprofessor

whosecourseIamtakingisexcellent.非限制性有MybrotherJim,wholivesinLondon,isadoctor.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明TheyliveinavillageinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.2.使用非限的情況1）專有名詞作先行詞：專有名詞是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，本身意思已經(jīng)很完整，不需要限制或修飾，所以定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)它進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasdevelopedintoaninternationalcity.Einstein,whowasagreatJewishscientist,createdthetheoryofrelativity.2.使用非限的情況2）含有專有意義的普通名詞作先行詞：Mymother,whois50yearsoldthisyear,liveswithmenow.Ihavefondmemoriesofmyhometown,whichissituatedinavally.LastnightJohntoldmeabouthisnewjob,whichhe’senjoyingverymuch.2.使用非限的情況3）數(shù)量關(guān)系或所屬關(guān)系的定語(yǔ)從句：Inmyclassthereare20students,mostofwhomarefromAsia.Wetoureda300-year-oldhouse,theexteriorofwhichconsistedoflogscementedwithclay.數(shù)量關(guān)系的定語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞（往往含有數(shù)量修飾），+數(shù)量詞+ofwhich/whom所屬關(guān)系的定語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞，+名詞+ofwhichThroughthecourseofmyschooling,Imetmanyteacher,twoofwhominfluencedmegreatly.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,thehandsofwhichweremadeofsmalldiamonds.2.使用非限的情況4）主句作先行詞：Herunsamileeachmorning,whichwouldboreme.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,whichmadeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.MarymarriedmybrotherandImarriedhersister,whichmakesMaryandmedoublein-laws.關(guān)系詞的一些設(shè)定031.關(guān)系代詞的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省。I’dreallyliketofindafriend

who/whom/that/XIcantrustcompletely.Theman

who/whom/that/XIwastellingyouaboutissittingover.但非限制性定從的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2.非限制性定從的關(guān)系詞非限制性定從的關(guān)系詞不能省略，也不能用thatLoriisgoingtomarryMark,whom/whoshedoesnotlove.Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.3.定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞前置當(dāng)關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞跟從句中動(dòng)詞關(guān)系并不密切時(shí)，該介詞可以前置于關(guān)系詞前，此時(shí)關(guān)系詞不能省，也不能用who和that：Thisisthehotel

which/that/Xyouwillstayin.Theman

who/whom/that/XIwastellingyouaboutissittingover.→Theman

aboutwhomIwastellingyouissittingover.→Thisisthehotel

inwhichyouwillstay.3.定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞前置介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which/whom）介詞+whose+名詞IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.4.限制性定語(yǔ)從句只用that不用which的情況Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachers

thathehadvisited.1）先行詞既有人又有物：2）先行詞為all,much,few,little,none,something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)：Wehaven’tgotmuch

thatwecanofferyou.3）先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)：Pollyisthemostdirectyoungwoman

thatIhaveevercomeacross.4.限制性定語(yǔ)從句只用that不用which的情況Thisistheveryroom

thatIsleptinthatevening.4）先行詞有thevery,theonly,any,few,little,no,all等詞修飾時(shí)：5）主句已有疑問(wèn)詞which或who時(shí)：Whichofthecars

thatareinfrontofthehotelbelongtoyou?關(guān)系詞后帶有插入語(yǔ)041.插入主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Manystudentsfaceproblemswhentheyhavetostudyasubject

thattheythinkisdifficult.I’vediscoveredIpossessalargenumberofdifferenttalentsandskills

thatIneverwouldhavethoughtwerewithinmehaditnotbeenformybeingopentotryingnewopportunities.很多學(xué)生如果必須學(xué)一門他們認(rèn)為很難的課程時(shí)，就會(huì)遇到很多問(wèn)題。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我身上擁有大量的各種才華和技能，若不是我一直勇于嘗試各種機(jī)會(huì)，我怎么也不會(huì)想到我擁有這些。1.插入主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Themillionairehadaveryuglydaughter

whoIcouldneverhavedreamedmanyboysfellinlovewith.這個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁有一個(gè)非常難看的女兒，我怎么也想不到，竟然有那么多男孩子在追求她?？偨Y(jié)：1）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后插入一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，改結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)一般是表觀點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞：think,say,believe等。2）此時(shí)關(guān)系詞即使是做主語(yǔ)，也可省。2.插入狀語(yǔ)從句和其它短語(yǔ)類的結(jié)構(gòu)Politiciansshouldmoveslowlywhenitcom