新概念英語第三冊語法精粹：從句的使用

Word文檔新概念英語第三冊語法精粹：從句的使用新概念英語一共144課。整本書無論是語法還是詞匯，題材還是語句，都有其出彩之處。今天我給大家?guī)硇赂拍钣⒄Z第三冊語法精粹,希望可以幫助到大家，下面我就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

新概念英語第三冊語法精粹：從句的使用

在英語中，從句主要有定語從句，狀語從句和名詞性從句(主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句)

一.定語從句

1.定語從句：由關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which;關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)。

(下面十個句子請讀5遍并脫口譯出!)

1.Thedeathnoticestellusaboutpeoplewhohavediedduringtheweek.

2.Theman(whom)youspoketojustnowismyfriend.

3.Thebuildingwhoselightsareonisbeautiful.

4.Pleasefindaplacewhichwecanhaveaprivatetalkin.

5.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.

6.Hestillremembersthedaywhenhewenttoschool.

7.Itisnoneedtellingusthereasonwhyyoudidntfinishitintime.

8.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomdiedinthewar.

9.Mr.Smith,whosewifeisaclerk,teachesusEnglish.

10.IntheSundaypapertherearecomics,whichchildrenenjoy.

2.只能用that和who引導(dǎo)的定語從句

A.all,nothing,anything,afew,one做先行詞指物時

B.先行詞前有形容詞級修飾時，后面常跟that而不是which.

C.先行詞前有theonly,thefirst,thelast,thenext,thevery等詞修飾時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。

D.當先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody時，后面要用who或whom;

●Allthatglittersisnotgold.閃光的并非都是金子。

3.as引導(dǎo)定語從句

as引導(dǎo)的定語從句有兩種形式：

A.引導(dǎo)限制性語從句。

在此類定語從句中，as常與主語中作為其先行詞的such,thesame或as聯(lián)用構(gòu)成，“such...as”，“thesame...as”和“as...as”句型，可代替先行詞。

例如：Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.我們希望得到他正在用的那種工具。

B.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，作用與which相同，as作為關(guān)系代詞代替整個主句。

(這是語法考試的一個考點。)

[注意區(qū)別]：

as引導(dǎo)的從句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能放在句首。

例如：Asisreported,aforeigndelegationwillvisitthecity.

據(jù)報道，一個外國代表團將訪問這個城市。

二.狀語從句

超級作文聯(lián)接詞及詞組，全部拿下!

①原因：because,since,nowthat(既然)as,for,thisreason

②結(jié)果：sothat,so,therefore,consequently,soasto,asaresult

③時間：after,before,when,while,as,until,assoonas,since,bythetime,once,lately,presently,shortlyafter,currently,atpresent,nowadays...

④條件：if,onlyif.,once,unless,intheevent(that),incase(that),providedthat,ontheconditionthat,etc.

⑤讓步：though,although,eventhough(if),nomatterwhat/how/when→whatever/however/whenever

⑥目的：inorderthat,inorderto,to,

⑦比較：than,as...as,bycomparison(相比較)，bycontrast(相對照)

三.名詞性從句

王牌要點：通常由that或疑問詞導(dǎo)出。

1.Howsomemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknow.(主語從句)

2.Theattorneytoldhisclientthattheyhadlittlechanceofwinningthecase.(賓語從句)

3.Theproblemiswhatwelldonext.(表語從句)

4.Wehavenoideathathehascomeback.(同位語從句)

同位語(Appositive):

同位語是英語語法的重點內(nèi)容，也是各類考試中的一個考點，同時，在寫作中正確運用同位語可以使你的句型更加簡潔得體。

《新概念英語》第三冊第一課有這樣一個句子：WhenreportscameintoLondonzoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.

(當倫敦動物園接到報告說，在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時，這些報告并沒有受到重視。)

在這里，awildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon就是同位語從句，它本來應(yīng)該放在“reports”后面，這里卻被放在了謂語成分cameintoLondonzoo的后面，目的是讓句型顯得更為穩(wěn)重。

I.簡單記憶：同位語從句，就是對某些名詞做進一步的解釋的句子。

IwasgreatlyshockedwhenIheardthenewsthathisfatherdiedyesterday.

(that引導(dǎo)的句子解釋了news的內(nèi)容，注意：that不做任何成分)

Wehavetofacethefactthattheweatherisunexpectedlybad.

(that引導(dǎo)的句子解釋了fact的內(nèi)容)

II.聯(lián)想記憶：

能接同位詞從句的名詞有：belief(信仰)，fact，idea，doubt，rumor(謠言)，evidence(證據(jù))，conclusion(結(jié)論)，suggestion(建議)，problem，order，answer，discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn))explanation(解釋)，principle(原則)，possibility(可能性)，truth，promise(承諾)，report(報告)，statement(聲明)，knowledge(知識)，opinion(觀點)，likelihood(可能性)

[大聲朗讀三遍，背下即可。]

III.王牌要點：

●同位語一般由that引導(dǎo)，但也可以用關(guān)系代詞which,who,what和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how或whether引導(dǎo)。

Therearousethequestionwhetherwecouldwinthegame.

Ihavenoideahowtoexplainit.

●一些介詞詞組后面也能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(非常經(jīng)典之功能句式，可用于四六級和托福作文，不妨一試!)：

ontheassumption(在……前提下)，

ontheground(由于……原因)，

ontheconditionthat(在……條件下)，

withtheexception(有……例外)

owingtothefact(由于……事實);

ontheunderstanding(基于……理解);

Theyoungladypromisedtomarrytheoldmanontheconditionthatheboughtheravilla.

那位年輕的女士答應(yīng)嫁給那位老頭，條件是他給她買一幢別墅。

IV.分隔式同位語從句：

為了使句型平衡不至于頭重腳輕，有時同位語從句可以放到句子的末尾，(讀兩遍此定義，然后看倒句：)

Anideacametohimthathemightwritetohertoaskmoreinformationaboutthematter.

IgotinformationfrommyfriendthattherewillbeamarvelousAmericanmovieTitanic.

V.同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別：

簡單記憶：定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that或which在句子中用作主語或賓語，而同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that只起連接主句和從句之作用，不用作任何成分。

示例：IvegotananswerthatAisright.(同位語從句，that不做成分)

Ivegotananswerthatsurprisedmealot.(定語從句，that做定語從句的主語)

VI.王牌重點：可以充當同位語的詞組或短語：

1)名詞短語。(使句型更為簡潔)

BillClinton,thepresidentofAmerica,cametoChinatopayanofficialvisitin1998.

LuXun,oneofthegreatestessayistsinChina,playedanoverwhelminglyimportantroleinChineseliteraturehistory.

2)動名詞詞組亦可用作同位語：別忘了加逗號。(使句型更為流暢)

Imcrazyaboutthegame,playingbaseball.

Goingtoconcert,thatsoundsagreatidea.

3)不定式短語。(陌生只是掌握的開始)

Theproblemwhattodonextremainsunsolved.

Herclaimtohavefinishedhisworkisnothingbutawhitelie.

4)形容詞詞組。(有逗號隔開)

Alltheworkers,youngorold,shouldbetreatedequally.

Youngman,shortortall,shouldhavetherighttotaketheopportunity.

VII.同位語的引導(dǎo)詞。(重要!這是中高級寫作中不可缺少的引導(dǎo)成分)

引導(dǎo)詞用來表示同位語與它所說明的同位成分之間的關(guān)系：

1.namely,thatitis,thatistosay(也就是說),inotherwords(換句話說),or,forshort表示等同關(guān)系。

2.suchas,say,sotospeak(譬如說),including(包括),forinstance(或forexample(e.g./eg)，表示舉例和列舉關(guān)系。

3.especially,mostly,chiefly,orbetter,inparticular,particularly表示突出重點，(在高難度閱讀中表示后面的部分為更重要或更突出的部分，是出題的關(guān)鍵點。)

測試精編：

I.選擇正確選項：

1.________allbehaviorislearnedbehaviorisabasicassumptionofsocialscientists.

A.NearlyB.Thatnearly

C.ItisnearlyD.Whennearly

2.ThepeopleatthepartywereworriedaboutJanetbecausenoonewasaware________shehadgone.

A.wherethatB.ofwhere

C.oftheplacewhereD.theplace

3.—Susanhasntwrittenusforalongtime.—Whatdoyousuppose________toher?

A.thathappenedB.happened

C.tohappenD.havinghappened

4.—MayIhavetheloan?________youoffergoodsecurity.

A.ButB.UnlessC.ProvidedD.Butfor

5.Gorillasarequietanimals,________theyareabletomakeabouttwentydifferentsounds.

A.howB.inspiteofC.becauseofD.eventhough

6.ThelittleWhiteHouseinwarmspringswastheGeorgiahomeofPresidentFranklin-D.Roosevelt________thereonApril12,1945.

A.whodiedB.diedC.whilediedD.hedied

7.Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentationof________reality.

A.whatitisconceivedB.thatisconceived

C.whatisconceivedtobeD.thatisbeingconceivedof

8.Seedsusuallygerminate________thetemperatureisfavorable.

A.ifB.whereasC.asaresultD.inconsequences

9.FrancisPrestonBlair.Jr,________borninKentucky,livedandpracticedinMissouri.

A.wasB.hewasC.althoughD.whohewas

10.________,worksongsoftenexhibitthesongcultureofapeopleinafundamentalform.

A.TheyoccurwheretheyareB.Occurringwhere

C.WheretheyoccurD.Wheredotheyoccur

新概念英語第三冊語法精粹：虛擬語氣

1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬：

If+did/were+...,...would

should

could+do(動詞原形)

might

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoabroadatonce.(Iamnotyou.)

Ifheknewitnow,hecouldhelpme.(Hedoesntknowitnow.)

2.與過去事實相反的虛擬：

If+haddone+...,...would(might)havedone...

IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavephonedyou.

(Ididntknowyourtelephonenumber.)

Ifyouhadcomeherealittleearlierjustnow,youmighthavemether.

(Youdidntcomehereearlier.)

3.與將來事實相反的虛擬：

(1)If+should+v.,...would+v.

(可能性很小)(譯作“萬一”)

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,youcouldstayathome.

IfIshouldfail,whatshouldIdo?

(2)If+did/wereto+v...,would+v.

(完全不可能)

Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,Iwouldlendyouthemoney.

Ifyoufinisheditin3minutes,Iwouldgiveyoumycar.

金牌特殊重點：

[簡單聯(lián)想記憶]：

●下列動詞后的“賓語從句”中需要用虛擬形式，即should+動詞原形，shoud在美國英語中要省略(TOEFL語法考點)。此類常見的動詞有：order,ask,decide,demand,require,recommend,suggest(建議)insist(堅決要求)，advise,etc.

例句：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)helpthemwithEnglish.

Theteacherorderedthatthehomework(should)befinishedwithinhalfanhour.

●下列名詞后的同位語從句中要用“should+動詞原形”(should可省去)的虛擬。

suggestion,order,request,demand,importance,proposal.

Hemadeasuggestionthatwe(should)haveafancydressparty.

Ithinkitisathingofimportancethatit(should)bedonesoon.

●Itis/wasimportant/necessary/natural/essential/advisable/strange/surprising,ect.+that+主語+should+v.

Itisstrangethatyoushouldsaysuchathing.

Itwasimportantthatyoushouldtellmealltheinformation.

●wish后的賓語從句中，asif后的狀語從句中，須用下列的虛擬形式：

主+wish+(that)+主+did/were(指現(xiàn)在)

haddone(指過去)

would+v.(指將來)

IwishthatImetmyunclenow.

IwishIhadmetmyuncleyesterday.

IwishIcouldmeetmyuncletomorrow.

●Itis(high)timethat...+did/were...

Itistimethatyouwenttobed.

●wouldratherthat...+did/were...

Iwouldratherthatyouwerenotherenow.

●wouldsoonerthat...+did/were...

Iwouldsoonerthatyougotupearlier.

Iwouldsoonerthatyouwerenotmybrother.

測試精編：

I.選擇正確選項：

1.I________hehadtaughtmetheword,buthedidnt.

A.believeB.hopeC.wishD.think

2.Themaninchargerecommendsthatthismatter________atthemeeting.A.wouldbediscussedB.willbediscussedC.bediscussedD.maybedis