中考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分詞課件

1.分詞的定義

分詞就是具有動(dòng)詞及形容詞二者特征的詞，分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)和過(guò)去分詞(v-ed)兩種，是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。*現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行”*過(guò)去分詞表示“被動(dòng)和完成”(不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成)。2.分詞在句中可作以下成分01

表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)0203

賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)04Part01分詞做表語(yǔ)1.分詞做表語(yǔ)跟在系動(dòng)詞之后分詞做表語(yǔ),一般跟在這幾類系動(dòng)詞后面。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)一般表主動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征。含有“令人….”的意思。主語(yǔ)多數(shù)為物。常見(jiàn)的有：exciting,interesting,disappointing,encouraging,puzzling,missing,surprising,confusing,amusing,charming,astonishing,shocking等①Thenewssoundsencouraging.

②Thatbookwasratherboring.③Theshowisveryamusing.④Hisresponsetothequestionwasquitedisappointing.(2)過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)一般表示被動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。含有“感到….”的意思。主語(yǔ)多數(shù)情況是人。①Hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.②Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.③I’msatisfiedwithyouranswer.④Ifeltdisappointedathisresponse.(1)be+過(guò)去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu);

如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Thewindowisbroken.（系表）

Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被動(dòng)）2.做表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別3.作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別(1)作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特征和性質(zhì)。Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.(2)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的分詞表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.在分詞作表語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以用其它系動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替be，但在進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)中，則不可以。因?yàn)檫M(jìn)行時(shí)的句型必須是be+doing。4.分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)分詞作表語(yǔ)主要是表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)和所處的狀態(tài),主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的位置不可以互換。

Thefilmisdisappointing.Wearedisappointedwiththefilm.Thisstorybookisveryinteresting.Iamveryinterestedinthisstory.(2)動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)主要是表示主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的位置常常可以互換。Part02分詞做定語(yǔ)1.分詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句。①Themanwateringtheflowersisherhusband.Themanwhoiswateringtheflowersisherhusband.②Thedogplayingwiththeballismine.

Thedogthatisplayingwiththeballismine.*如果一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，既要表達(dá)進(jìn)行意味，又要表達(dá)被動(dòng)意味時(shí)，用beingdone形式。

Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.=Thequestion

thatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Doyouknowtheboybeingpunishedbyourteacher?=Doyouknowtheboywhoisbeingpunished

byourteacher?(2)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示被動(dòng),可改為帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句①IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglish

spoken

bynativespeakers.IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglishwhichisspokenbynativespeakers.②Hedidn’tturnupatthemeeting

held

yesterday.Hedidn’tturnupatthemeetingwhichwasheldyesterday.(3)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(僅限于不能后置的單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞)則表示完成,可改為帶有完成時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句①Wedranksome

boiledwater

andwentonwithourwork.Wedranksomewaterwhichhadboiledandwentonwithourwork.2.分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。(1)單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，(2)分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾詞的后面。①Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.②Ifoundhimacharmingperson.③Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.④Themandrinkingwinealoneisherbrother.(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行意義①Didyouseethegirldancingwithyourbrother.②Thefactory

makingthesepensisasmallone.③Chinaisadevelopingcountry.④Thoseoldladiesdancinginthesquare

remindmeofmygrandma.3.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(2)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)、完成意義

Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.What’sthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?(3)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)只表示完成意義。

Therearealotoffallenleavesinautumn.Youcanusetheboiledwatertomaketea.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.注意1：分詞的完成時(shí)不可充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)2：在message,letter,sign,news,notice等詞后要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，不用過(guò)去分詞。Thenews

beingspreadisaboutme.Thenotice

beingfollowedispostedbyme.Theydon'tcareaboutthemessage

beingconfirmed.3：某些現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)，已不再表示動(dòng)作，已經(jīng)從分詞變?yōu)榱诵稳菰~詞性，如interestingstory，anexcitingmatch。這些也可以屬于現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，但是不能轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句，但是可以有三級(jí)變化（原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)）和被某些副詞如very修飾。HerworriedexpressioncaughtmyattentionItwasthemostexcitingmomentofhislife.Ican'tfindamoreinterestingbookthanthisone.Part03分詞做賓補(bǔ)1.賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，

賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系(即賓語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出/執(zhí)行者),且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Iheardsomeonesingingintheclassroom.Inoticedhimsneakingoutofthecinema.Canyousmellsomethingburning?(2)能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞,表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義,有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Inoticedapenleftonthetable.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.2.常跟動(dòng)詞(1)現(xiàn)在分詞常用在下列動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

①感官動(dòng)詞：see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe,keep,find,listento,lookat等

②使役動(dòng)詞：have,get,make,let等Isawhimdancingnow.Don'thavethestudentsstudyingallday.Hecouldhearsomeonecryinginthenextroom.(2)能接過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有①表“希望”,“意愿”

,“愛(ài)憎”,“要求”的動(dòng)詞：want,wish,expect,like,hate,order等Hewon’tlike

suchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.

Iwantedtwoticketsreserved.②表感覺(jué)或思維活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))feel,hear,listento,see,watch,observe,notice,find,think,consider,lookat等

Iconsiderthemattersettled.

Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.

③使役動(dòng)詞：have,get,make,let等I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.Don'tleavethosethingsundone.Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.Althoughhesaidalot,hestillfailedtomakehimselfunderstood.(1)Iheardsomeone

me.(call)(2)Iheardmyname

.(call)(3)Wefoundthesnake

theeggs.(eat)(4)Wefoundtheeggs

bythesnake.(eat)(5)You’dbetterhavethedangerousbuilding

.(pulldown)(6)Youmustmakeyourself

whenyoutalkinfrontoftheclass.(hear)(7)Hecouldhearsomeone

aroundintheroomabove.(move)用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空callingpulleddowncalledeatenmovingeatingheardPart04分詞作狀語(yǔ)*分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨等。分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句中主語(yǔ)相一致。

Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.

Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.

注意：分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：

主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)賓或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞Although

workingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.Oncerecovered,hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeveryefforttodoitwell.Whentreatedwithkindness,hewasveryamiable(和藹可親的）.*現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while，when,once,although,until,if等從屬連詞。1.分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)當(dāng)分詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)由when/while/as/after/before/till/until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.=Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)形式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般時(shí)doingdone完成時(shí)havingdonehavingbeendoneWhilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysister.Havingdonehishomework,theboybegantowatchTV.Havingbeenlaughedatforhislameness(跛腳),theboybecameshy.(1).當(dāng)要表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，我們可以直接在現(xiàn)在分詞前面加上when／whileWalkinginthestreet,Isawhim.=When/While(Iwas)walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.

Sleepingonthesofa,Iheardaloudnoiseoutsidethewindow.=注：此結(jié)構(gòu)中,不能用其他連接詞替換when或while.When(Iwas)sleepingonthesofa,Iheardaloudnoiseoutsidethewindow.當(dāng)所表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,則用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。Jimhurthisarmwhile

playingtennis.Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad.

Hestoodthere,listeningtothebroadcastquietly.Theboyslieonthebeach,laughingandchattingwitheachother.Hestoodthere,waitingforhismother.他站在那兒，等著他的媽媽(2)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作立即發(fā)生，這時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為句中的主語(yǔ)。常用的動(dòng)詞多是表示一個(gè)極短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如hear,

see,

arrive,

return,

getto,

look,

open,

close,

leave,

turnaround,

walk等。Hearingthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.Arrivingatthestation,hefoundhiswifewaitingtomeethim.Returninghome,hefoundhismotherseriouslyill.以上情況可以換作on+動(dòng)名詞,表示相同的意思.譯作"一（剛）……就……".也可以換作是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,該從句的動(dòng)詞多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示.

Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.

=Onhearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.

(3)分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,

則要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,

即havingdone的形式.

分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是句中的主語(yǔ)。

Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.Havingfoundahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.Havingheardthis,thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction.Havingbeenbeatenbyhisfather,thelittleboybecameverypolite.Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.他們完成工作之后，他們就休息了*分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，這種情況也可以用after+動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示,還可以用after/when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)替換,該從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成式。

Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywasallowedtowatchTVplay.=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework,

theboy

wasallowedtowatchTVplay.=After/whenhehadfinished

hishomework,

theboy

wasallowedtowatchTVplay.

③表示動(dòng)作的完成或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。

Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.Inspiredbyhisfriends,heregainedhisconfidence.Toldtogototheboss'soffice,shethoughtthebossknewshewaslate.①及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有完成式，它有“完成”和“被動(dòng)”的含義，但卻沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。它有時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式（havingbeendone）去替換。

過(guò)去分詞

和

現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別：Afterbeingsentencedtodeath,hecannolongerendangersociety.=Sentencedtodeath,hecannolongerendangersociety.=Havingbeensentencedtodeath,hecannolongerendangersociety.②現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式(havingbeendone)：強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先）

Havingbeencriticized,shebegantorealizehermistakes.Havingbeenwarnedseveraltimes,hestilldidnotreflectonhimself.

Havingbeencutdown,thesetreesareusedtobuildhouses.=Afterbeingcutdown，thesetreesareusedtobuildhouses.(1).蘑菇采摘后通常都會(huì)被賣出去。(mushroomn.蘑菇)(2).這些房屋已被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀，將重建。用今天所學(xué)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)來(lái)翻譯以下句子：Havingbeendestroyedbythestorm,thesehouseswillberebuilt.Having

beenpicked,mushroomsareusuallysold.Afterbeingpicked,mushroomsareusuallysold.Afterbeingdestroyedbythestorm,thesehouseswillberebuilt.(3)一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)可怕的消息，他立馬就把窗戶關(guān)上了(terribleadj.可怕的)Onhearingtheterriblenews,heimmediatelyclosedthewindow.Onarrivingatthehotel,hewenttotakeabath.(4)一到酒店，他就去洗澡了

(takeabath)(5)我在沙發(fā)上看電視的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)到鄰居在吵架。(quarrelv.吵架)WhilewatchingTVonthesofa,Iheardmyneighborsquarreling.WatchingTVonthesofa,Iheardmyneighborsquarreling.Hearingtheterriblenews,heimmediatelyclosedthewindow.Arrivingatthehotel,hewenttotakeabath.2.分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表原因時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)由as,because等表示原因的連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

Beingill,shestayedathome.=Asshewasill,shestayedathome

Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.=Becausehewasabsorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.Deeplymovedbythestory,shebegantocry.①Asshewasdeeplymovedbythestory,shebegantocry.②Becausehewasunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.③Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.(1)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用分詞的一般形式。Forgettinghismanners,heputhisfeetuponthedesk.Keepingthinkingabouttheaccident,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(2)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，用分詞的完成式。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.=BecausehehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.3.分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表?xiàng)l件時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)由if/unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.=Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.4.分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表讓步時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)由although,whether,evenif,eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.=Thoughhehadfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.(1)Beaten

bytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.(2)Althoughhehasbeenwarnedmanytimes,hestillhasn'tmadeany

changes.

Havingbeenwarnedmanytimes,hestillhasn't

madeanychanges.5.分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ)表示方式或伴隨情況是比較常用的，它用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。一般情況下，分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。他沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換，但可以用并列句來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.=Hesatthereandhewasreadinganewspaper.

Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.=Shewalkedoutofthehouseandwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Theyjustsatonthesofa,watchingTV.=TheyjustsatonthesofaandtheywerewatchingTV.6.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)與不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)指一種自然而然，意料之中的結(jié)果(2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)指意料之外的結(jié)果，常與only連用Hehurriedhome,onlytofindtheguestshadleft.Peopleallovertheworldsingthesong,makingitpopular.Hewenttothefactory,onlytofindnobodyin.Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalone.7.分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)需注意事項(xiàng)(1)分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，他的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常應(yīng)是句子的主語(yǔ).邏輯主語(yǔ)與分詞若構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。若構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，分詞用過(guò)去分詞。Seeingfromthehill,youcanseethewholecity.Seenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.(2)例外的情況被用作介詞或連詞的分詞supposing假設(shè)、設(shè)想including包括

accordingto按照Generallyspeaking…..一般說(shuō)來(lái)Franklyspeaking….坦白地說(shuō)Supposinghewon’tpasstheexam,whatshouldhedo?ManypeopleincludingtheoldgotoworkwithoutanypayonSunday.Accordingtohisreport,thesituationisgettingserious.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞with賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)+++不定式過(guò)去分詞形容詞/副詞介詞短語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系表示將來(lái)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系Withthekindgirlleadingus,wehadnodifficultyfindingthelibrary.Withmuchhomeworktodotonight,Ican’tgooutwithyou.Withhiskeylost,hecouldn’tgetintohishouse.Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.1)

(hear)thegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.2)

(give)aoperation,thepatientrecoveredfromillnessveryquickly.3)Once

(publish),thisdictionarywillbeverypopular.4)

（laugh）and

(talk),theywentintotheroom.5)Pleasefillinthisform,

(give)yourname,address,etc.6)

(see)fromthetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.1.根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空HearingGivenLaughingtalkinggivingpublishedSeen7)Hesatatthetable,

(read)ChinaDaily.8)

(give)moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.9)