畢業(yè)論文-大學(xué)生校園生活服務(wù)平臺設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)

大學(xué)生校園生活服務(wù)平臺設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)摘要：隨著Internet快速發(fā)展，Web已經(jīng)對商業(yè)、工業(yè)、銀行，及人們的工作、生活產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。許多傳統(tǒng)的信息和數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)正在被移植到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，人們獲得信息的來源已經(jīng)不再只是報紙、電視、廣播等傳統(tǒng)媒體。一個新的信息傳送媒體逐漸被人們所青睞。范圍廣泛的、復(fù)雜的分布式應(yīng)用正在Web環(huán)境中出現(xiàn)。大學(xué)生生活服務(wù)平臺作為一個新時代傳媒的產(chǎn)物，早已超過了國界，使一分鐘游遍整個世界不再是神話。它摒棄了傳統(tǒng)媒體的不足，正在已不可預(yù)知的速度向前發(fā)展。它正在迅速的改變著人們的生活、學(xué)習(xí)、工作方式，更多的人開始通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)查詢資料，學(xué)生和家長也從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上了解一個學(xué)校的情況，越來越多的學(xué)校有了自己的網(wǎng)站。因此，本人開發(fā)了校園生活服務(wù)平臺，使用校園生活服務(wù)平臺后，使得社會、老師和學(xué)生更快的了解學(xué)校動態(tài)，更方便的共享學(xué)校的資源，同時讓社會通過這個系統(tǒng)的圖片、文字等方面更充份的了解學(xué)校的情況。該系統(tǒng)采用Browser/Server模式架構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計關(guān)鍵詞：jsp；tomcat服務(wù)器；mySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫；動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁 目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u2071第一章緒論 論文評閱人意見論文（設(shè)計）題目大學(xué)生校園生活服務(wù)平臺設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)作者張文強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)教師廖祎瑋指導(dǎo)教師職稱副教授評閱人何立暉評閱人職稱副教授意見評閱人簽字評閱意見論文評閱人意見論文（設(shè)計）題目大學(xué)生校園生活服務(wù)平臺設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)作者張文強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)教師廖祎瑋指導(dǎo)教師職稱副教授評閱人吳暇評閱人職稱講師意見評閱人簽字評閱意見指導(dǎo)教師評語頁論文（設(shè)計）題目作者指導(dǎo)教師職稱評語指導(dǎo)教師簽字論文等級本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）答辯過程記錄院系專業(yè)年級答辯人姓名學(xué)號畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）題目畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）答辯過程記錄：答辯是否通過：通過（）未通過（）記錄員答辯小組組長簽字年月日年月日本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）答辯登記表院（系）：專業(yè)：年級：論文（設(shè)計）題目：答辯人：學(xué)號：評閱人：指導(dǎo)教師：論文（設(shè)計）等級：答辯小組成員：答辯小組意見：秘書簽名：年月日論文（設(shè)計）答辯是否通過：通過（）未通過（）論文（設(shè)計）最終等級：答辯小組組長簽名：答辯委員會主席簽名：優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）推薦表所屬院(系)：填表日期：年月日論文作者畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）總周數(shù)姓名性別專業(yè)指導(dǎo)教師姓名年齡專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)所在單位畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）題目畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）主要涉及研究方向畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）選題依據(jù)及背景院系中期檢查情況畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）的水平與特色畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）有何實驗、實踐或?qū)嵙?xí)基礎(chǔ)畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）期間研讀書目指導(dǎo)教師評語及推薦意見指導(dǎo)教師簽字：年月日指導(dǎo)教師對申報材料真實性的意見指導(dǎo)教師簽字：年月日院系推薦意見（公章）年月日學(xué)校主管部門意見（公章）年月日

哈爾濱師范大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文開題報告論文題目大學(xué)生服務(wù)平臺設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)學(xué)生姓名張文強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)教師廖祎瑋年級2011級專業(yè)計算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)2015年3月1日課題來源：指導(dǎo)教師承擔(dān)的科研任務(wù)課題研究的目的和意義：研究的目的：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及，信息化管理已進(jìn)入各行各業(yè)，作為科研學(xué)術(shù)的發(fā)源地，高校信息化管理理應(yīng)首當(dāng)其沖，高校學(xué)生眾多，學(xué)雜費(fèi)，書費(fèi)，飯卡，水卡等日常繳費(fèi)，多集中于月初課后，這就使得人工繳費(fèi)需要耗費(fèi)大量的時間，而時間主要是用在排隊，信息化管理可以有效解決繳費(fèi)時間長等問題。期末其中考試成績查詢較為困難信息化管理可以讓學(xué)生隨時可以查看自己的成績。我國高校信息化建設(shè)起步較晚，但發(fā)展和建設(shè)快，經(jīng)近幾年的發(fā)展，所有高校都已接入INTERNET，所有高校都有自己的官方網(wǎng)站。主管部門相當(dāng)重視，在人，財，物都給予很大幫助。大學(xué)首先是教學(xué)單位，但高校區(qū)別去普通初高中，學(xué)生多是高校的一大特點，傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)生工作信息是有學(xué)生信息管理者通過層層向下傳達(dá)的方式進(jìn)行的，使所有學(xué)生能夠接受信息，但是傳統(tǒng)的方式，存在弊端，由于學(xué)生工作信息管理者人數(shù)與學(xué)生人數(shù)不成正比，使得學(xué)校所發(fā)布的信息經(jīng)常不能及時的傳遞給學(xué)生，在生活中學(xué)生日常繳費(fèi)，如飯卡，水卡，學(xué)費(fèi)，書費(fèi)等多集中于開學(xué)，月初的課間，造成段時間人員眾多，排隊時間長，浪費(fèi)當(dāng)量的時間，因此大學(xué)生校園生活服務(wù)平臺很有必要。本項目旨在設(shè)計一個功能完善，靈活性，實用性強(qiáng)界面美觀簡單易用的大學(xué)生校園生活服務(wù)平臺，最終實現(xiàn)對日常生活服務(wù)的信息化管理，從而解決工作人員勞動量大，學(xué)生獲取信息不及時，排隊等候時間長的問題，節(jié)省服務(wù)成本，時間成本。研究的意義：在學(xué)校，尤其是各大高校。學(xué)生的生活服務(wù)顯得尤其重要，由于高校人數(shù)普遍較多，大學(xué)生的生活服務(wù)很難管理，而長期以來，大學(xué)生生活服務(wù)普遍由人工管理方式進(jìn)行，諸如成績查詢，學(xué)生信息管理，生活繳費(fèi)等事務(wù)易出現(xiàn)扎堆現(xiàn)象，給大學(xué)生生活帶來極大的麻煩。因此開發(fā)這樣一套平臺是極有必要的事情。國內(nèi)外同類課題研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢：國內(nèi)同類課題研究現(xiàn)狀：我國高校信息化建設(shè)大規(guī)模發(fā)展時期是90年代比發(fā)達(dá)國家晚了近20年，發(fā)展水平相對落后，但是在沿海等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，計算機(jī)信息化建設(shè)的水平近年來已有迅猛的發(fā)展，也產(chǎn)生了日新月異的變化。據(jù)報道在1999年基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的遠(yuǎn)程教育只有4家試點，7000余名在讀學(xué)生。我國信息化建設(shè)還剛剛起步，資源還十分匱乏，但信息化建設(shè)的重要性，已被政府部門所重視，相信我國即將進(jìn)入信息化建設(shè)的大高潮。國外同類課題研究現(xiàn)狀：高校是學(xué)術(shù)和科研的發(fā)源地，高校的信息化程度體現(xiàn)本國計算機(jī)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展水平，計算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展分為三個時代，主機(jī)（mainframe）個人計算機(jī)（pc）和計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（comeputerInternet）同樣高校信息化管理也分為三個階段。上世紀(jì)60~710年代計算機(jī)開始在高校教學(xué)和科研中扮演角色，計算機(jī)輔助教學(xué)（computraidedtntrustion）開始出現(xiàn)，CAI的出現(xiàn)以PLATO為標(biāo)志，但由于當(dāng)時計算機(jī)尚未普及，價格昂貴，使得CAI在教學(xué)的實際應(yīng)用中遇到很多困難。從70年代開始計算機(jī)開始普及，造價逐漸下降，為CAI的發(fā)展提供了環(huán)境，許多大學(xué)建立了CAI教室，學(xué)生可以在此自學(xué)，教師也可借此完成利用CAI完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。90年代計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)，特別是INTERTNET的出現(xiàn)，給高校的教育帶來深刻的影響，高校信息化計入一個嶄新的階段，無論正規(guī)教育還是函授遠(yuǎn)程教育都深受其影響，遠(yuǎn)程教育對國民知識水平的提高有極大幫助，這引起了不同領(lǐng)域?qū)＜壹案鲊闹匾?。國?nèi)外存在的差距：我國計算機(jī)普及較晚，信息化程度不高，在各個領(lǐng)域，尤其是高校信息化程度上有很大不足，在國外信息化已深入各行各業(yè)，而我國大部分還停留在人工管理上，很大程度上依靠傳統(tǒng)的的人工管理方式，費(fèi)時費(fèi)力，所以建立大學(xué)生服務(wù)平臺對高校信息化建設(shè)有著重要的意義。課題研究的主要內(nèi)容和方法：本文主要利用JSP+Tomcat+mySQL開發(fā)環(huán)境開發(fā)動態(tài)的Web大學(xué)生生活服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，給出了詳細(xì)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計、編碼、調(diào)試過程，可實現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上多用戶操作，不同的用戶擁有不同級別的權(quán)限，可以實現(xiàn)在線用戶登錄、用戶信息修改；動態(tài)的瀏覽、添加、修改、刪除新聞。在JSP代碼編寫的過程也用到了許多技巧，比如SESSION對象的使用、CSS樣式表、瀏覽器狀態(tài)欄的特效等等，通過各方面的論證，具有一定的開發(fā)潛力。JSP技術(shù)使用Java編程語言編寫類XML的tags和scriptlets，來封裝產(chǎn)生動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁的處理邏輯。網(wǎng)頁還能通過tags和scriptlets訪問存在于服務(wù)端的資源的應(yīng)用邏輯。JSP將網(wǎng)頁邏輯與網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計和顯示分離，支持可重用的基于組件的設(shè)計，使基于Web的應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)變得迅速和容易。JavaScript一種直譯式腳本語言，是一種動態(tài)類型、弱類型、基于原型的語言，內(nèi)置支持類型。它的解釋器被稱為JavaScript引擎，為瀏覽器的一部分，廣泛用于客戶端的腳本語言，最早是在HTML（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通用標(biāo)記語言下的一個應(yīng)用）網(wǎng)頁上使用，用來給HTML網(wǎng)頁增加動態(tài)功能。Java是一種可以撰寫跨平臺應(yīng)用軟件的面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計語言。Java技術(shù)具有卓越的通用性、高效性、平臺移植性和安全性，廣泛應(yīng)用于PC、數(shù)據(jù)中心、游戲控制臺、科學(xué)超級計算機(jī)、移動電話和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，同時擁有全球最大的開發(fā)者專業(yè)社群。課題研究起止時間和進(jìn)度安排：起止時間2014年12月——2015年4月進(jìn)度安排（指導(dǎo)教師可根據(jù)實際情況適當(dāng)安排）2014-12——2015-3確定論文題目，查找資料，撰寫開題報告2015-3——2015-4查找資料，進(jìn)一步分析題目研究內(nèi)容2015-4——2015-5完成論文，交老師批改2015-5——2015-6交論文，答辯課題研究所需主要設(shè)備、儀器及藥品：本課題研究所需主要設(shè)備為計算機(jī)，所需軟件有tomcat，NavicatforMySQL，jdk，外出調(diào)研主要單位，訪問學(xué)者姓名：外出調(diào)研單位：哈爾濱市鑫聯(lián)華電腦公司訪問學(xué)者姓名：廖祎瑋指導(dǎo)教師審查意見：指導(dǎo)教師（簽字）2015年4月教研室（研究室）評審意見：____________教研室（研究室）主任（簽字）2014年3月系（部）主任審查意見：____________系（部）主任（簽字）2014年3月您好，為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料，請您刪除以下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！AlargegroupofteamerchantsoncamelsandhorsesfromNorthwestChina'sShaanxiprovincepassthroughastopontheancientSilkRoad,Gansu'sZhangyecityduringtheirjourneytoKazakhstan,May5,2015.Thecaravan,consistingofmorethan100camels,threehorse-drawncarriagesandfoursupportvehicles,startedthetripfromJingyangcountyinShaanxionSept19,2014.ItwillpassthroughGansuprovinceandXinjiangUygurautonomousregion,andfinallyarriveinAlmaty,formerlyknownasAlma-Ata,thelargestcityinKazakhstan,andDunganinZhambylprovince.Thetripwillcoverabout15,000kilometersandtakethecaravanmorethanoneyeartocomplete.ThecaravanisexpectedtoreturntoJingyanginMarch2016.Thentheywillcomeback,carryingspecialtyproductsfromKazakhstanAsmallarttroupefoundedsixdecadesagohasgrownintoahouseholdnameintheInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.Inthe1950s,UlanMuqirArtTroupewascreatedbynineyoungmusicians,whotouredremotevillagesonhorsesandperformedtraditionalMongolianmusicanddancesfornomadicfamilies.The54-year-oldwasborninTongliao,ineasternInnerMongoliaandjoinedthetroupein1975.Hesaysthereare74branchtroupesacrossInnerMongoliaandactorsgivearound100showseveryyeartolocalnomadicpeople."IcanstillrecallthedayswhenItouredwiththetroupeintheearly'80s.Wesatonthebackofpickuptrucksforhours.Theskywasblue,andwecouldn'thelpbutsingthefolksongs,"Nasunsays.ThevastnessofInnerMongoliaandthelackofentertainmentoptionsforpeoplelivingthere,madetheirliveslonely."Thenomadicpeoplewereveryexcitedaboutourvisits,"Nasunrecalls."Wedidn'thaveaformalstage.Theaudiencejustsatonthegrass.Usually,theperformancesbecameabigpartywithlocalpeoplejoiningin."Forhim,therewardingpartabouttouringisn'tjustaboutsharingartwithnomadicfamiliesbutalsoaboutgaininginspirationforthemusicanddance.UlanMuqirliterallytranslatesas"redburgeon",andtoday'sperformersofthetroupestilltourtheregion'svillagesandentertainnomadicfamilies,buttheirfamehasspreadaroundtheworld.OnMay16and17,nearly100singersanddancersfromthetroupeperformedatBeijing'sPolyTheater.Theirshow,titledUlanMuqirontheGrassland,depictedthehistoryanddevelopmentofthearttroupe."BeingfromtheregionallowedmetoembracethecultureofInnerMongoliaandbeingamemberofthetroupeshowedmewhereIbelonged,"Nasun,thearttroupe'spresident,whoisalsoarenownedtenor,tellsChinaDaily.Duringatourin1985,hewenttoavillageandmetanelderlylocalman,whotoldhimastoryabouthisfriendshipwithasoliderfromShenyang,capitalofNortheastChina'sLiaoningprovince,decadesago.Thesolidergavetheoldmanahandmadesaddlewhentheybidfarewell.ThestoryinspiredNasuntowriteCarvedSaddle,asongthatlaterbecameoneofhismostpopularnumbers.Now,everyyear,Nasunrecruitsyoungsingersanddancersforthetroupe.Thetroupehasalsodesignedanewrepertoire,whichismostlybasedonthedailylivesofMongolianpeople,especiallythelivesofnomadicfamilies,andhascombinedcontemporarymusicalelementswithfolksongsoftheregion.Haimu,a25-year-oldkhoomei(alocalvariantofovertonesinging)singer,joinedthetroupethreeyearsago.Alongwithasix-memberband,heperformsfastsongsandsoftonesthathewrites－allwhileplayingthehorse-headfiddle."AlthoughIlearnedthepianosincechildhoodandgrewuplisteningtovariouskindsofmusic,tome,thefolkmusicofInnerMongoliaistheroot,"hesays."Performinginremotevillagesispleasant.Ifeelathomeontheboundlessgrasslands,andthewarmpeopletheremakemefeelfulfilled."ThefirstroundofspringauctionseasoninBeijingendedlastweek,butitfailedtocreatemuchspringintheartmarket.AlthoughtwopiecesofChinesepaintingfetchedmorethan100millionyuan,thedeclineintradingvolumeandsalerateshowedadownturnthisyear.Inthe“GrandView:ChinesePaintingHighlight”sessionatChinaGuardian2015springauctions,PanTianshou’srepresentativeworkEagle,RockandFlorahitarecordauctionpriceof279millionyuan,whileLiKeran’smasterworkJinggangMountainfetched126.5millionyuan,anunexpectedhighinrecentyears.However,thetradingvolumefellsto1.87billionyuanfrom2.22billionyuaninthesameperiodtheyearbefore.TheHuangchen2015SpringAuctions,whichrecorded42.5millionyuanintotalsales,experiencedthesame.Thesectionnumberwentdownto5from12comparedtolastyear.AccordingtoexpertShaoJianwu,theartmarketdidnotattractmuchexcitementthisyearduetotheboomingstockmarketandthepersistentproblemsofforgeryandfakedeals.ThetwopiecesofChinesepaintingnotcheduphighpricethisspringduetotheirownvaluenotduetoarevivalinthemarket."Thesuccessfultransactionoftwoworkswithahammerpriceofmorethan100millionyuanonceagainconfirmsthatvaluableandrareworksofhighqualityalwaysearnthelong-lastinghighprice.Chinesepaintingandcalligraphyisstillthepillarofthemarket.However,theoverallsalesratehasdroppedslightly,whichreflectsthedemandfortheordinaryauctiongoodshasweakened,”saidthepresidentofChinaGuardian’sHuYanyan."Besides,theentryofnewbuyersalsomakescertainchangestothedirectionofpurchasing.Inaword,theoverallmarkettrendisveryunpredictable.AlthoughChinaGuardian2015SpringAuctionshasachievedremarkableresults,itdoesnotmeanthatthemarkethaswalkedoutofthepredicament.Westillhavetowaitforthebigeconomicboomtoinvigoratetheartmarket.”Evenso,thehotpursuitofsomespecialitemsappearedthisspring.AspecialsessionofChinaGuardianSpringAuctionstitled“FineGilt—BronzeBuddhistImages”achievedagreatdealwithtotalsalesvolumeof41.89millionyuanand92percentsalerate.The5thShamarRinpocheStatuefrom16-17thcenturyofTibetwassoldfor5.06millionyuan.TheBeijingChengxuanAuctionsfeaturedalmost2,800itemsofcoinsandstampsinthreesessionswithgoodsalerate.TheHuachenAuctionsalsosetaspecialsessionofphotographsundertheconditionoflarge-scaledeclineofauctionsessions.TherewasapalpabledullthudofdisappointmentthataccompaniedthereturnoftheimperialentourageofZhenHuantoherhomeland.ItfollowedacoupleyearsofhushedexcitementasChinesefanswerefedtidbitsabouttheirproudconcubinewhowassupposedtoconquerthehighgroundoftheNorthAmericanmarket.ZhenHuanis,ofcourse,thetitlecharacterofTheLegendofZhenHuan,a2011televisionseriesthatsweptChinaoffitsfeetandlatertookotherAsiancountriesbystorm.Twoyearsago,itwasreportedthatHBO,apremiumcableserviceheadquarteredintheUnitedStates,wasgoingtoairitinNorthAmericaaftersomemodification.Now,acondensedversionthatprovidesEnglishsubtitlesbutnodubbinghasfinallybeenmadeavailableonNetflixforonlinestreaming.Thisversion,highlyanticipatedasamilestoneinChina'sculturalforayoverseas,hasbeenwidelypannedbyitshomeaudience.RetitledEmpressesinthePalace,theAmericanversionhasbeenshortenedfromitsoriginal76episodesat45minuteseach,tosix90-minuteepisodes.Thequickpacingthrewoffmanynativeviewers,whoareaccustomedtoamoreleisurelydaytime-soap-stylenarrativerhythm.(ChineseTVstationswouldruntwoorthreeepisodeseveryday.)Ididnotfinishthefull-lengthversionandfoundthetruncatedonenotdifficulttofollow.What'slost,Ibelieve,aretheinterestingsetupsandpausesthatilluminatetheChineseartofstorytelling.Muchoftheplotisstillthere.Itistheflavorthatwassacrificed.TheAmericaneditionusestheframeworkoftheEmpressDowagerinhersenioryearsreminiscingatthebeginningandtheendofeachepisode,hintingatwhat'stocomeandrecappingthekeypoints.Thisdevice,notusedintheoriginal,isculturallyunderstandablebutartisticallymediocre.Whatpuzzlesmeisthetwonewsongsfortheopeningandendcredits.TheywerewritteninEnglish,butsungbyChinesewithanuncomfortableaccent.TheywereobviouslydesignedtoappealtoanEnglish-speakingbase,butdonotjibewiththeChinesedialogue.Speakingofthedialogue,theEnglishtranslation,pickedapartbysomeChinese,istooliteralformytaste.IcanimagineatypicalAmericanhitbyaflurryofroyalranks,addressesandgreetings,evenmultiplenamesandtitlesforthesameperson.Thefirsthalfhourmustbeaswamptowadethrough,verymuchlikemyexperienceofgettingthroughaTolstoytomewithitsendlessinflectionsofnamestransliteratedintolengthyChinese.Iseethechoiceofverbatimtranslationasaneffortforconveyingexotica.Itisfairlycompetent,withnoerrorthatIcoulddetect,butfailstoriseabovewordsorcapturetheessenceofthelanguage.Aculturalproductusuallycrossesovertoaforeignterritoryfirstbyanemphasisonthecommonalities.ButwhetherinsideoroutsideChina,thetemptationtosellitforthedifferencesisjusttoogreat.Sure,thesumptuoussetsandcostumesareabigattraction,butthenarrativetechniquehasbecome－h(huán)owshallIputit?－abitanglicized,whichisnecessaryforculturalexport.Judgingbytheresponses,thislegend,which,contrarytotheclaimoftheEnglishtrailer,istotallyfictitious,hasdepartedfromChinabutnotyetlandedonAmericanshores.IamabigfanofRalphWaldoEmerson'sessaytitledSelf-Reliance.Ifyou'venotyetreadit,Istronglyencourageyoutodoso.Inthisessay,thevenerableEmersontalksabouteschewingthetrappingsofsocietyandfindingone'sownpath.Heurgesthereadertofindrectitudeandleadamorallife.Heprofessesthat,onlybybeingselfreliant,asopposedtorelyingonthegovernmentandbeingdictatedtobysociety,canonebeginleadingadecentandpurposefullife.Heaversthatsuchalifeistheonlylifeworthliving.Iagreewithhim.ThisessaywaswrittenduringatimeofsocialupheavalinAmerica,anditisratheroddthatEmersonauthoredit,ashewasapartoftheuppercrustofsocietyatthetime.Itjustsohappenedthathelookedaroundhim,attheindolenceandthewantonnessofthepeopleinhiscircle;hewonderedhowintheworldhecametobelongthere.Indeedhispenningandpublishingthisessaycausedhisexcommunicationfromhighsocietyandalsocausedhimalotoflegaltrouble.Thelegaltroublecameasaresultofthefactthathewasspeakingoutagainstthegovernment.Iliketoreferencesuchtextsfromtimetotimeasanexamplebothofthefactthathistorydoesrepeatitselfandthatthisworldisnotsobigthatwhatappliestoonesocietydoesnotinanywaytouchanothersociety.Onamuchsmallerscale,Emerson'sessayaffectsmeverydeeply.Notasanurgingtobecomeselfreliant–I'mnothingifnotthat!Inhistextheexpoundsontheideathatonemustgivetheirlifeapurpose.Andthatisthetruetopicofthisentry.Theselastfouryearshavebeensoeasy:teachforagrandtotalofsixhoursaweek,andtherestofmytimeismine.SinceI'vebeenhereIhavebeentaskedwithnothingmorechallengingthanlearningmystudents'namesandfiguringoutwhattodowiththemforthebrieftimeeachweekthatIstandinfrontofthem.Idonotconsiderthechallengesoflearningtoliveherepartofapurposefullife.Iconsiderthoseissuesexistentialinnature.OneoftheproblemswithmylifeinAmericawasthatIfeltithadnopurpose.IwenttoworkeverydayandevendidwhatIcouldtomakemycolleagues'workliveseasier,butIsimplycouldnotdigestthefactthatthatwasmysolepurposeinlife.Withnofamilytosupport,Iwasthesolebeneficiaryofmyemployment:thepaycheck,thebenefits,theincentivesandtherewardswereminealone.Notmuchofapurposeinbeingself-serving,isthere?WhileIwasastudent,IfeltIwasleadingapurposefullife.Learningnewthings,broadeningmyhorizons,expandingmylifeexperiencesallgavemylifeazipanddrivethatIhadnotfeltsincebeinginsurvivalmodewhenmykidsweresmall.AftergraduatingcollegeIfeltoddlydeflated…butbythen,Chinawasonmyhorizon.請刪除以下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！AnarbitrarytitlegiventoafuneraryworkfromancientEgyptcalledpertemhru,thetranslationofwhichis"comingforthbyday,"or"manifestedinthelight."Severalversionsorrecensionsofthisworkareknown,namelythoseofHeliopolis,Thebes,andSais,differingonlyinasmuchastheywereeditedbythecollegesofpriestsfoundedatthesecenters.Manypapyrioftheworkhavebeendiscovered,andpassagesfromithavebeeninscribeduponthewallsoftombsandpyramidsandonsarcophagiandmummy-wrappings.OneverycompletecopyisondisplayattheEgyptianMuseuminTurin,Italy.Itisundoubtedlyofextremelyearlydate;exactlyhowearlyitwouldbedifficulttosay,butinthecourseofcenturiesitwasgreatlyaddedtoandmodified.Itcontainsabout200chapters,butnocompletepapyrushasbeenfound.Thechaptersarequiteindependentofoneanother,andwereprobablyallcomposedatdifferenttimes.Themainsubjectisthebeatificationofthedead,whoweresupposedtorecitethechaptersinorderthattheymightgainpowerandenjoytheprivilegesofthenewlife.Theworkaboundsinmagicalreferences.ThewholetrendoftheBookoftheDeadisthaumaturgic,asitspurposeistoguardthedeadagainstthedangerstheyhavetofaceinreachingtheotherworld.Asinmostmythologies,thedeadEgyptianhadtoencountermalignantspiritsandwasthreatenedbymanydangersbeforereachinghishavenofrest.HealsohadtoundergojudgmentbyOsiris,andtojustifyhimselfbeforebeingpermittedtoentertherealmsofbliss.Thisheimaginedhecouldingreatpartaccomplishbytherecitationofvariousmagicalformulaandspells,whichwouldwardofftheevilinfluencesopposedtohim.TothisendeveryimportantEgyptianofmeanshadburiedwithhimapapyrusoftheBookoftheDead,containingatleastallthechaptersnecessaryforencounteringtheformidableadversariesatthegatesofAmenti,theEgyptianHades.Thesechapterswouldassisthiminmakingrepliesduringhisceremonyofjustification.Firstamongthesespellswerethe"wordsofpower."TheEgyptiansbelievedthattodiscoverthe"secret"nameofagodwastogaincompleteascendancyoverhim.SympatheticmagicwasinvogueinEgyptianburialpractice,whichexplainsthepresence,intombsofpeopleofmeans,ofpaintingsoftablesladenwithfoodanddrink,withinscriptionsattachedconveyingtheideaofboundlessliberality.Inscriptionslikethefollowingareextremelycommon—"Totheka[essentialdoubleorsoul]ofso-and-so,5,000loavesofbread,500geese,and5,000jugsofbeer."Thosededicationscostthegenerousdonorslittle,astheymerelyhadtheobjectsnamedpainteduponthewallofthetomb,imaginingthattheirkaorastralcounterpartwouldbeeatableanddrinkablebythedeceased.ThisofcourseismerelyanextensionoftheNeolithicconceptionthatarticlesburiedwithamanhadtheirastralcounterpartsandwouldbeofusetohiminanotherworld.PictorialrepresentationplayedaconsiderablepartinthemagicalritualoftheBookoftheDead.OneofthepleasuresofthedeadwastosailoverHeavenintheboatofRa,andtosecurethisforthedeceasedonemustpaintcertainpicturesandmutteroverthemwordsofpower.Regardingthisbelief,E.A.WallisBudgestatesinhisbookEgyptianMagic(1889):"Onapieceofcleanpapyrusaboatistobedrawnwithinkmadeofgreenabutmixedwithantiwater,andinitaretobefiguresofIsis,Thoth,Shu,andKhepera,andthedeceased;whenthishadbeendonethepapyrusmustbefastenedtothebreastofthedeceased,carebeingtakenthatitdoesnotactuallytouchhisbody.ThenshallhisspiritenterintotheboatofRaeachday,andthegodThothshalltakeheedtohim,andheshallsailaboutwithhimintoanyplacethathewisheth.ElsewhereitisorderedthattheboatofRabepainted'inapureplace,'andinthebowsistobepaintedafigureofthedeceased;butRawassupposedtotravelinoneboat(calledAtet)untilnoon,andanother(calledSektet)untilsunset,andprovisionhadtobemadeforthedeceasedinbothboats.Howwasthistobedone?OnonesideofthepictureoftheboatafigureofthemorningboatofRawastobedrawn,andontheotherafigureoftheafternoonboat;thustheonepicturewascapableofbecomingtwoboats.And,providedtheproperofferingsweremadeforthedeceasedonthebirthdayofOsiris,hissoulwouldliveforever,andhewouldnotdieasecondtime.Accordingtotherubrictothechapterinwhichthesedirectionsaregiven,thetextofitisasold,atleast,asthetimeofHesept,thefifthkingofthe1st.dynasty,whoreignedabout4350B.C.,andthecustomofpaintingtheboatuponpapyrusisprobablycontemporaneous."Thewordsofpowerwerenottobespokenuntilafterdeath.Theywere"agreatmystery,"but"theeyeofnomanwhatsoevermustseeit,foritisathingofabominationforeverymantoknowit.Hideit,therefore,theBookoftheLadyoftheHiddenTempleisitsname."ThiswouldseemtorefertosomespellutteredbyIsis-HathorthatdeliveredthegodRaorHorusfromtrouble,orwasofbenefittohim,thuswasconcludedtobeequallyefficaciousinthecaseofthedeceased.ManyspellswereincludedintheBookoftheDeadforthepurposeofpreservingthemummyagainstmoldingandforassistingtheownerofthepapyrustobecomeasagodandtobeabletotransformhimselfintoanyshapehedesired.Paintedofferingswerealsoprovidedsothedeceasedwouldbeabletogivegiftstothegods.ItisapparentthattheBookoftheDeadwasundoubtedlymagicalincharacter,consistingasitdidofaseriesofspellsorwordsofpower,whichenabledthespeakertohaveperfectcontroloverallthepowersofAmenti.TheonlymomentinwhichthedeadmanisnotmasterofhisfateiswhenhisheartisweighedbyThothbeforeOsiris.Ifitdoesnotconformtothestandardrequiredforjustification,heiscastout;exceptforthis,anabsoluteknowledgeoftheBookoftheDeadsafeguardedthedeceasedineverywayfromthedangerofdamnation.Anumberofthechaptersconsistofprayersandhymnstothegods,butthedirectionsastothemagicalusesofthebookareequallynumerous;theconceptofsupplicationismingledwiththeideaofcircumventionbysorceryinthemostextraordinarymanner.Thereisalsoevidenceofahigherproportionofperinatalcomplications(complicationsarisingaroundthetimeofgivingbirth)amongchildrenwithautisticsymptoms.Thesecomplicationsincludematernalbleedingafterthefirsttrimesterandmeconiumintheamnioticfluid.(Meconiumisasubstancethataccumulatesinthebowelofthedevelopingfetusandisdischargedshortlyafterbirth.)Someevidencesuggeststhattheuseofmedicationsduringpregnancymayberelatedtothedevelopmentofautisticsymptoms.Asnewborns,childrenwithautisticbehaviorsshowahigherrateofrespiratoryillnessandanemiathanhealthychildren.ALLERGIES,INFECTIONS,ANDIMMUNIZATIONS.Someprofessionalsbelievethatautisticdisordersmaybecausedbyallergiestoparticularfungi,viralinfections,andvariousfoods.Nocontrolledstudieshavesupportedthesebeliefs,butsomeparentsandprofessionalsreportimprovementwhenallergensand/orcertainfoodsareeliminatedfromthediet.Viralinfectionsofthemother,suchasrubella,oroftheyoungchild,suchasencephalitis,mumps,andmeasles,occasionallyappeartocauseautisticdisorders.Theissueisnothowhazardousboxingisbutwhetherthehazardsareacceptable.Theterm"autism"referstoaclusterofconditionsappearingearlyinchildhood.Allinvolvesevereimpairmentsinsocialinteraction,communication,imaginativeabilities,andrigid,repetitivebehaviors.Tobeconsideredanautisticdisorder,someoftheseimpairmentsmustbemanifestbeforetheageofthree.ThereferencebookusedbymentalhealthprofessionalstodiagnosementaldisordersistheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders,alsoknownastheDSM.The2000editionofthisreferencebook(theFourthEditionTextRevisionknownasDSM-IV-TR)placesautisminacategorycalledpervasivedevelopmentaldisorders.Allofthesedisordersarecharacterizedbyongoingproblemswithmutualsocialinteractionandcommunication,orthepresenceofstrange,repetitivebehaviors,interests,andactivities.Peoplediagnosedwiththesedisordersareaffectedinmanywaysfortheirentirelives.DescriptionEachchilddiagnosedwithanautisticdisorderdiffersfromeveryother,andsogeneraldescriptionsofautisticbehaviorandcharacteristicsdonotapplyequallytoeverychild.Still,thecommonimpairmentsinsocialinteraction,communicationandimagination,andrigid,repetitivebehaviorsmakeitpossibletorecognizechildrenwiththesedisorders,astheydiffermarkedlyfromhealthychildreninmanyways.Manyparentsofautisticchildrensensethatsomethingisnotquiterightevenwhentheirchildrenareinfants.Theinfantsmayhavefeedingproblems,dislikebeingchangedorbathed,orfussoveranychangeinroutine.Theymayholdtheirbodiesrigid,makingitdifficultforparentstocuddlethem.Or,theymayfailtoanticipatebeinglifted,lyingpassivelywhiletheparentreachesforthem,ratherthanholdingtheirarmsupinreturn.Mostparentsofautisticchildrenbecomeawareofthestrangenessoftheseandotherbehaviorsonlygradually.Imaginetoothestateofeventhewinner'shands,protectedonlybyhavingbeensoakedinbrine.Withtheircombinationofboxingandwrestlingmoves,earlycontestswereliterally‘noholdsbarred’;