低合金鋼機(jī)械性能

低合金鋼機(jī)械性能低合金鋼是指在鋼中加入少量合金元素（符合表5-1）由于合金元素的強化作用，低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的屈服點比普通碳素鋼高25-150%加之大多低碳，而具有良好的塑性韌性和焊接性能，有的還具有耐腐蝕、耐低溫等特性，因此，低合金鋼是一類很有發(fā)展前途的鋼，在鋼的生產(chǎn)中比例越來越大。低合金鋼按質(zhì)量和用途分為普通質(zhì)量低合金鋼、優(yōu)質(zhì)低合金鋼、特殊質(zhì)量低合金鋼。16、一般用途低合金鋼一般用途低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼包括：普通質(zhì)量和優(yōu)質(zhì)低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼、普通質(zhì)量低合金鋼是指生產(chǎn)過程中不規(guī)定特別控制質(zhì)量要求的供一般用途、 優(yōu)質(zhì)、在生產(chǎn)過程中需要特別控制質(zhì)量（例降低硫、磷含量、控制晶粒度，改善表面質(zhì)量等）一般用途低合金鋼結(jié)構(gòu)鋼牌號由代表屈服點的漢語拼音字母（ Q）、屈服點數(shù)值、質(zhì)量等級符號（A、B、C、DE）三個部分按照順序排列，根據(jù)GB/T1591-94低合金高強度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼牌號，化學(xué)成分及性能見表5-16和表表5-16、低合金高強度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼牌號、化學(xué)成分牌號質(zhì)化學(xué) 成 分：%量等級C<MnSiP<S<VNbTiAl>CrNiA0.10.80-0.0.50.040.040.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.Q2961555515060[205B0.10.80-0.0.50.040.040.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.615500L15060」L20A0.21.00-1.0.50.040.040.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.060555115060」20B0.21.00-1.0.50.040.040.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.Q345060500J15」060L20C0.21.00-1.0.50.030.030.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.0106055515060I205ID0.11.00-1.0.50.030.030.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.0186050015060[205E0.11.00-1.0.50.020.020.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.01

86055515060205A0.21.00-1.0.50.040.040.02-0.0.015-0."!0.02-0.0.30.7060555200602000B0.21.00-1.10.50.040.040.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.30.7060500200602000Q39C0.21.00-1.0.50.030.030.02-0.0.015-0.10.02-0.0.010.30.700605552006020500D0.21.00-1.0.50.030.030.02-0.0.015-0.10.02-0.0.010.30.70605002006020500E0.21.00-1.0.50.020.020.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.010.30.70605552006020500A0.21.00-1.0.50.040.040.02-0.0.015-0.10.02-0.0.40.7070555200602000B0.21.00-1.0.50.040.040.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.40.7070500200602000Q42C0.21.00-1.0.50.030.030.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.010.40.700705552006020500D0.21.00-1.0.50.030.030.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.010.40.70705002006020500E0.21.00-1.0.50.020.020.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.010.40.707055520060|20500A0.21.00-1.0.50.030.030.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.010.70.7070555J20060120500Q46B0.21.00-1.0.50.030.030.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.010.70.7007050020060[20500C0.21.00-1.0.50.020.020.02-0.0.015-0.0.02-0.0.010.70.70705552006020500J屈服點6s,MPa質(zhì)量等級厚度（直徑，邊長）,mm沖擊功，AKV（縱向）,J180。彎曲試驗屈服點6s,MPa質(zhì)量等級厚度（直徑，邊長）,mm沖擊功，AKV（縱向）,J180。彎曲試驗+2000-20-40d=彎心直徑；°CC°C°C&=試樣厚度（直徑）不小于鋼材厚度（直徑），抗拉強度6bMPa伸長率S%<>16-3165>35-50>50-100

mm不小于16>16-100Q295AB295295275275255255235235390-570390-570232334d=2ad=3aQ345ABCDE345345345345345325325325325325295295295295295275275275275275470-630470-630470-630470-630470-6302121222222343434d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3a27d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3aQ390ABCDE370370370370370370370370370370350350350350350330330330330330490-650490-650490-650490-650490-650191920202034343427d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3aQ420ABC420420400400400380380380360360360520-680520-68018183434d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3a

DE420420420400400380380360360520-680520-680520-6801919193427d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3aC460440420400550-720173434d=2ad=3aQ460460550-7201727d=2ad=3aD440420400E440420400d=2d=3a46550-721a007在舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的牌號用兩位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字和合金元素符號及數(shù)字表示，數(shù)字表示平均含碳量（以萬分之幾計）平均合金含量小于 1.5%時，鋼號中僅標(biāo)明元素符號，不標(biāo)明含量；平均合金含量為 1.5-2.49%、2.5-3.49%時，相應(yīng)寫成品2、3……其牌號、化學(xué)成分、性能見表 5-18和表5-19。表5-18、一般用途低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼牌號、化學(xué)成分（根據(jù) GB1591-881）| 化學(xué)成分，%牌號REs]匚PCMSiVTiNbCuN加入曰不大于量0.80-0.20-0.04-0.09MnVf——————————040.045:0.121.200.550.12509MnNJ<0.80-0.20-0.015-0.r\Ab0.121.200.550.050045U.U451.40-0.20-0.09Mn————————————040.0450.121.800.5550.09-1.10-0.20-0.12Mn————————————040.0450.161.500.55518Nb0.14-0.40-0.17-————0.020-——————0.0.045

0.220.800.370.05004509MnC:w1.00-0.20-w0.20-0.0.05-uPTi0.121.500.550.030.400450.1210MnS；w1.25-0.80-0.15-0.r\AiCu0.121.601.100.30045U.U45w1.00-0.20-0.04-0.12MnV[—————040.0450.151.400.550.12514MnN0.12-0.80-0.20-0.015-0.b0.181.200.550.050045U.U450.12-1.20-0.20-0.16Mn————————————040.0450.201.600.55516MnF0.12-1.20-0.20-0.02-0.r\AE0.201.600.550.20045U.U4510MnF>w0.80-0.20-0.015-0.02-0.0.06-NbRE0.141.200.550.0500.200450.120.12-1.20-0.20-0.04-0.15MnV——————————040.0450.181.600.550.12515MnT0.12-1.20-0.20-0.12-0.r\Ai0.181.600.550.20045U.U4516MnV0.12-1.00-0.20-0.015-0.r\Ab0.201.400.550.05004U.U45514MnVfw1.30-0.20-0.04-0.09-0.02-0.r\r\AcTiRE0.181.600.550.100.160.200450.04515MnV0.12-1.30-0.20-0.10-0.010-0.————040.045N0.201.700.550.200.0205表5-19、一般用途低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼機(jī)械性能（根據(jù)GB1591-88）

牌號鋼材厚度或直徑mm抗拉強度26sN/mm屈服點6bN/mrn伸長率SS%180C彎曲試驗d=彎心直徑a=試樣厚度沖擊試驗溫度。CV型沖擊功（縱向），J不小于不小于09MnV<16430-58029523d=2a2027>16-25275d=3a09MnNb<16410-56029524d=2a2027>16-25390-54027523d=3a09Mn2<16440-59029522d=2a2027>16-30420-57027522d=3a>30-100方、圓鋼410-56025521d=3a12Mn<16440-59029522d=2a2027>16-25430-58027521d=3a>25-36400-55025521d=3a>36-50390-54023521d=3a50-100方、圓鋼390-54023520d=3a18Nb<16470-62034520d=2a2027>16-25450-60032519d=3a09MnCuPT<16490-64034522d=2a2027>16-25490-64033521d=3a10MnSiCu4-10490-64034522d=2a2027>10-20470-62033522d=2a>20-32470-62032522d=3a12MnV<16490-64034522d=2a2027>16-2533521d=3a14MnNb<16490-64035521d=2a2027>16-25470-62033520d=3a16Mn<16510-66034522d=2a2027>16-25490-64032521d=3a>25-36470-62031521d=3a<36-50470-62029521d=3a

>50-100方、圓鋼470-62027520d=3a16MnRE<16510-66034522d=2a2027>16-25490-64032521d=3a10MnPNbRE<10510-66039020d=2a202715MnV<4550-70041019d=2a2027>4-16530-68039018d=3a>16-25510-66037519d=3a>25-36490-64035518d=3a>36-50490-64033518d=3a15MnTi<25530-68039020d=3a2027>25-40510-66037520d=3a16MnNb<16530-68039020d=2a2027>16-20510-66037519d=3a14MnVTiRF<12■550-70044019d=2a20271H-IVI11V11rxl_>12-20530-68041019d=3a15MnV<10590-74044019d=2a2028>10-25570-72042019d=3a>25-38550-70041018d=3a>38-50530-68039018d=3a新舊低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牌號對照見表 5-20表5-20、新舊低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牌號對照（參考件）GB1591-88Q29509MnV09MnNb09Mn212MnQ34512MnV14MnNb16Mn16MnRE18NbQ39015MnV15MnT、GB1591-88Q29509MnV09MnNb09Mn212MnQ34512MnV14MnNb16Mn16MnRE18NbQ39015MnV15MnT、16MnNbQ42015MnVN14MnVTiREQ420Q460一般用途低合金