淄博某廠房及配工程施工組織設(shè)計輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中英文對照

目錄ContentTOC\o"1-2"\h\z\uHYPERLINK(GB50026-93)requirements.Theproject'selevationcontrolnetworkusesthird-classstandardofmeasurementmethods1234123456閉合導(dǎo)線圖（2）主要技術(shù)要求(2)majorrequirements:等級每千米高差全中誤差（mm）各線長度（km）水準(zhǔn)儀型號水準(zhǔn)尺觀測次數(shù)往返較差、附合或環(huán)線閉合差(平地)與已知點聯(lián)測附合或環(huán)線三等6≤5S3雙面往返各一次往返各一次12基坑高程測量FoundationLeveling1）根據(jù)已布設(shè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)場水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)控制點，采用高精度的水準(zhǔn)儀在基坑四周布置標(biāo)高傳遞基準(zhǔn)點，以此點控制基坑的開挖標(biāo)高。在基坑開挖過程中，為了做到心中有數(shù)，在基坑壁上每1m設(shè)置一個控制標(biāo)高。1)Accordingtothestandardslaidatthesceneofthestandardcontrolnetwork,usinghigh-precisionlevelinthefoundationarrangedaroundtheelevationoftransmissionreferencepoint,usingthatpointtocontroltheexcavationpitelevation.Inthecourseofexcavation,inthefoundationwallsofevery1m,wesetupacontrolelevation2）基底標(biāo)高的控制：為了保證不超挖，在距基底設(shè)計標(biāo)高0.5m處測設(shè)一標(biāo)高，并抄出標(biāo)高水平線，以此標(biāo)高線來控制基坑挖土深度。2)Theelevationofthebasementcontrol:Inordertopreventoverdigging,wesetupatestelevation,0.5mfromthebasementfromthedesignelevationandwritedownthehorizontallinesoastocontrolthelineofearth-movingdepthofthepit.結(jié)構(gòu)工程施工測量StructuralEngineeringConstructionSurvey1）基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的平面控制1)Onthegroundfloorofthestructureofthecontrolplane（1）采用極坐標(biāo)法，先在基礎(chǔ)承臺墊層上引測建筑物軸線交點，然后根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)平面圖彈出所有軸線及建筑物外邊線。（2）將軸線控制點外移至基坑邊，并設(shè)置木樁做為地下結(jié)構(gòu)的平面控制點，該平面控制點與控制軸線網(wǎng)進行軸線位置的復(fù)核，其誤差不超過±3mm。（3）（4）每一層平面或每一施工段的軸線測設(shè)完后，必須進行自檢合格后填寫報檢單，并附報驗內(nèi)容的測量成果表，以便能及時驗證各軸線的正確性。(4)Eachlevelsorconstructionofeachsectionofthetestsetupaftertheendoftheaxismustbequalifiedtocarryoutself-testaftercompletingthesingleinspection,withinspectionofthecontentsofthemeasurementresultstable,inatimelymannerinordertobeabletoverifythecorrectnessoftheaxis（5）基礎(chǔ)驗線時，允許偏差如下表：（5）allowances:軸線長度(L)允許偏差國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(mm)內(nèi)控標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(mm)L≤30m±5±330m<L≤90m±10±860m<L≤90m±15±1290m<l±20±182）軸線控制業(yè)主提供定位樁（或紅線樁）及成果一份。根據(jù)建筑物的分布情況，現(xiàn)場布設(shè)矩形控制網(wǎng)（I級），矩形控制網(wǎng)的主要技術(shù)要求見下表：矩形控制網(wǎng)的主要技術(shù)要求等級邊長（m）測角中誤差邊長相對誤差一級100-3005″≤1/30000采用激光經(jīng)緯儀J2，測角中誤差2″，50m鋼尺測距。矩形控制網(wǎng)的布設(shè)（定位）原則和方法：（1）控制點點位選擇在通視良好、易于長期保存的地方。（2）依據(jù)場區(qū)總平面及軸線關(guān)系圖，參考場區(qū)臨建規(guī)劃、建筑物外輪廓及場區(qū)現(xiàn)有的地物地貌，進行場區(qū)矩形控制網(wǎng)規(guī)劃，并布設(shè)矩形控制網(wǎng)。首先在各定位樁（或紅線樁）架設(shè)儀器，采用極坐標(biāo)方法布設(shè)四角點，經(jīng)過觀測、平差、調(diào)整，固定矩形控制網(wǎng)，然后采用內(nèi)分法，根據(jù)建筑物軸線關(guān)系及施工段的劃分定出各主要軸線方向樁。各主要軸線控制樁布置圖暫略。（3）地上部分各層施工時的軸線傳遞，采取軸線投測法，將經(jīng)緯儀安置在軸線控制樁上，后視墻底部的軸線標(biāo)點，用正倒鏡取中的方法，將軸線投到上層樓板邊緣上，當(dāng)軸線投到上層樓板上后，要用鋼尺實量其間距作為校核，其相對誤差控制在1/2000以內(nèi)。3）高程和垂直度控制3)standardandverticaldeviationcontrol標(biāo)高的傳遞以鋼尺進行，且要求每層自基準(zhǔn)點核查一次，且高程傳遞不少于3點完成傳遞后，聯(lián)測各點，取平均值作為此次傳遞的標(biāo)高值，將誤差控制在下列范圍以內(nèi)：水平偏差：每層±10mm，累計偏差≤20mm。Standarddeviation：每層±10mm,totaldeviation≤20mm。垂直偏差：≤1/1000h，且總偏差≤10mm。Verticaldeviation：≤1/1000h,totaldeviation≤10mm土方開挖Excavation本工程土方工程開挖順序按照由北向南，每棟倉庫分為四端施工。Earthworkexcavationoftheprojectinaccordancewiththeorderfromnorthtosouth,Eachwarehouseisdividedintofour-terminalconstruction1)挖前準(zhǔn)備1)Excavationpreparation（1）技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備：在施工前通知測量人員作好技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備，以保證施工的準(zhǔn)確性和效率要求。施工前技術(shù)負責(zé)人向所有參加的施工人員進行有針對性的技術(shù)交底，必須使每個操作者對施工的要求和步驟清楚明了。(1)Thetechnicalpreparation:pre-constructionsurveyingstaffreadytoinformthetechnicalpreparationstoensuretheaccuracyandefficiencyoftheconstructionrequirements.Pre-constructiontechniquestothepersoninchargeofallpersonnelparticipatingintheconstructionoftargetedtechnicalexplanation,wemustmakeeveryoperatoroftheconstructionrequirementsandhaveaclearunderstandingofthesteps.（2）按圖紙要求進行定位放線，將建筑物輪廓線明顯標(biāo)于場地，并在基坑外設(shè)置固定點，并抄測場地標(biāo)高并記錄。(2)DrawingsrequestedbyPositioning,andoutlinethebuildingsonthesiteclearlymarked.Copyandrecordthetestsiteelevation（3）開挖時為防止雨水流向基坑，在上部應(yīng)有可靠的排水措施，如采取倒坡措施等。(3)Whenexcavatingforthefoundationtopreventtheflowofrainwater,intheupperdrainagemeasuresshouldbereliable,suchastheslopedowntotakemeasures.（4）通行：提前辦好車輛所需的通行證，并負責(zé)在施工前對所有司機進行安全教育。(4)Passage:Applythepassesofthevehicleinadvanceandresponsibleforallpre-constructionsafetyeducationfordrivers.（5）環(huán)衛(wèi)市容：提前辦理環(huán)衛(wèi)市容的一切相應(yīng)手續(xù)。(5)Thecitysanitation:Sanitationadvancedforallappropriateprocedures.（6）擾民：提前解決好夜間施工以及施工擾民問題.(6)Disturbing:night-timeconstructionaheadofscheduletoresolvetheissueaswellastheconstructionofanuisance（7）渣土清納：土方運往指定場地。(7)Muddeliverytothedesignatedsites2)開挖2)Excavation1）采用1.5立方米挖掘機好小挖機配合開挖的方案。1)Useof1.5cubicmetersexcavatorsdiggingmachine.2）開挖標(biāo)高至設(shè)計墊層頂+100mm高，留200厚人工隨清隨運。3）開挖后立即按釬探方案進行釬探，并作好釬探記錄。4）凡遇地質(zhì)變化情況，應(yīng)立即通知業(yè)主、監(jiān)理和設(shè)計院，待處理方案后立即進行施工。4)Inanycaseinwhichthegeologicalchanges,shallimmediatelynotifytheowners,anddesignsupervision,tobedealtwithimmediatelyaftertheconstructionprogram5）土方開挖過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)文物、古墓、古建筑、化石及錢幣等有考古、地質(zhì)研究等價值的物品時，及時通知業(yè)主現(xiàn)場代表，并報告有關(guān)部門和采取有效保護措施。5)Excavationofearthrelics,ancienttombs,ancientbuildings,fossilsandcoins,andsotherearearchaeological,geologicalstudies,suchasthevalueofthegoods,inatimelymannertoinformtheownersonbehalfofthesceneandtherelevantdepartmentsofthereportandtakeeffectiveprotectionmeasures.6）嚴格禁止挖掘機碰撞損傷工程樁。要安排專人監(jiān)督、看護，寧肯人工多挖土，也要防止機械損傷工程樁的事情發(fā)生。6)Collisiondamageisstrictlyforbiddenexcavatorpileworks.Toarrangesupervision,care,rathermoreartificialearth-moving,butalsopreventmechanicaldamageofthepileisgoingtohappen.7）渣土車輛出場時，大門口安排專人沖洗車輛，不得帶泥出大門，大門口鋪設(shè)麻袋或彩條布，避免污染市政道路；同時安排專人清掃市政馬路，保持文明施工。7)Whenvehiclesexitthegate,arrangepersonnelwashthevehicles.Vehiclescannotgooutwithmud,thegatelayingclothsacksorcolorarticletoavoidcontaminationofmunicipalroad.Atthesametimearrangepersonnelsweepingmunicipalroadsandmaintainthecivilizedconstruction.3、回填3.Backfilling1）填土采用應(yīng)采用砂土、粉土或粘性土回填，并控制土的含水率在最優(yōu)含水量Wop±2％范圍內(nèi)。1)Mudfillingshouldbeusedsand,siltorclaybackfill,andcontrolofsoilmoistureintheoptimumwatercontentWop±2%.2）采用振動夯實機分層夯實，每層300mm厚。打夯要按一定方向進行，一夯壓半夯，夯夯相接，行行相連，兩遍縱橫交叉，分層夯打。夯實基槽時，行夯路線應(yīng)由四邊開始，然后再夯向中間。2)Vibrationmachineusedsolidfoundationlayered,each300mmthick.Rammedtheroadtripshouldbestartedfoursides,andthentotheraminthemiddle.3）地梁兩側(cè)應(yīng)同時夯填，防止地梁損傷。3)Bothsidesofthebeamshouldbefilledtampingtopreventdamagetobeam4、質(zhì)量控制與檢驗4.Qualitycontrolandinspection1）在夯實之后，要對每層回填土的質(zhì)量進行檢驗，一般采用環(huán)刀法，取樣測定土的干密度，求出土的密實度。1)Inlayasolidfoundation,tofillthebackofeachqualityinspection,thegeneraluseofring-blade,thedrylandsamplingdeterminationofdensity.2）填土壓實后，干密度達到94%。2)Compactedsoil,drydensityreach94%.5、安全措施5.Safety1）編制土方施工方案和安全技術(shù)交底。1)Constructionoftheestablishmentandsecuritytechnologyexplanation.2）對土方施工人員進行安全技術(shù)交底，交底采用文字形式，雙方在交底記錄上簽字，歸檔到安全保證體系資料中。2)Constructionofthesecuritypersonnelinthetechnicalexplanation,theexplanationintheformofwords,thetwosidessignedtherecordoftheexplanation,thefilingsystemtoensurethesecurityofinformation3）由于開挖較深，機械開挖時，挖土機離邊坡應(yīng)有一定的安全距離，以防塌方，造成翻機事故。3)Asthedeepexcavation,diggingmachinesexcavatorsfromtheslopeshouldbeasafedistancetopreventlandslides,causedbyaircraftovertheincident.4）基坑開挖后，沿基坑設(shè)置安全防護欄桿，主要入口處設(shè)置門衛(wèi)保衛(wèi)人員和警示牌，嚴格禁止非施工人員出入。4)Aftertheexcavation,thefoundationsetupalongthesecurityfence,themainentrancetosetupguardsandwarningsigns,strictprohibitionofaccesstonon-constructionpersonnel.5）基坑開挖后應(yīng)立即澆筑混凝土墊層，減少土方暴露時間。5)Immediatelyaftertheexcavationlayerofconcretepoured,toreducetheexposuretime7.2土建結(jié)構(gòu)工程7.2Civilandstructuralworks鋼筋工程Reinforcementworks1）工程簡述Projectoverview鋼筋工程是保證工程抗震和結(jié)構(gòu)安全的關(guān)鍵分項工程，又是一項細致而復(fù)雜的工程，必須層層嚴加管理，道道工序嚴加過程控制。Reinforcementworksisacritical,painstakingandcomplexsubdivisionalworkstoensureaseismicperformanceandstructuralsafety.Therefore,levelbylevelmanagementandprocesscontrolofeachworkingprocedureshallbeguaranteed.2）鋼筋的配料Reinforcementarranagement鋼筋配料是根據(jù)設(shè)計圖中構(gòu)件配筋圖，先繪出各種形狀和規(guī)格的單根鋼筋簡圖并加以編號，然后分別計算鋼筋下料長度和根數(shù)，填寫配料單，經(jīng)審查無誤后，方可以對此鋼筋進行下料加工，所以一個正確的配料單不僅是鋼筋加工、成型準(zhǔn)確的保證，同時在鋼筋安裝不會出現(xiàn)鋼筋端部伸不到位，錨固長度不夠等問題，從而保證鋼筋工程的質(zhì)量。因此需對鋼筋配料工作必須認真審查，嚴格把關(guān)。Sketchofeachsinglereinforcingbarofdifferentshapesandspecsshallbeplottedandnumbered.Lengthofeachreinforcingbarandrelevantpiecesthereofshallbecalculated.Thereafter,reinforcementarrangementsheetshallbefilledoutandreviewed.Acorrectsheetshallguaranteepreformingofeachsinglereinforcingbarandqualityofreinforcementworksduringexecution.Hence,sucharrangementworkshallbemeticulouslychecked.3）鋼筋的下料與加工Cuttingoffandpreformingofrebar本工程的所有鋼筋的下料及加工成型，全部在施工現(xiàn)場進行。這樣可長短搭配，合理下料，能提高鋼筋的成材率。Cuttingandpreformingofallrebarsrequiredforthisprojectshallbedoneinfabricationareaonsite.Bysuchdoing,theshortmaybecollaboratedwiththelongandreasonablecuttingmaybeachievedtoincreaserebarutilizationrate.A、鋼筋除銹：鋼筋的表面應(yīng)潔凈，所以在鋼筋下料前必須進行除銹，將鋼筋上的油漬、漆污和用錘敲擊時能剝落的浮皮、鐵銹清除干凈。Rebarderusting:rebarsurfaceshallbeclean.Hence,rebarshallbederustedbeforecutting.Oil,paint,rindpuffingandrustshallbecompletelyremoved.Derustingofcoiledrebarshallbecompletedwhenitiscoldrolledandstraightened;twistedsteelshallbederustedwithself-madeelectricrustremover,whichshallbemountedwithdustcollectortopreventpersonalinjuryorenvironmentalpollution.B、鋼筋調(diào)直：全部箍筋采用外加工。Straightening:allhoopreinforcementsshallbeprefabricated.C、鋼筋切斷：鋼筋切斷設(shè)備主要有鋼筋切斷機和無齒鋸等，將根據(jù)鋼筋直徑的大小和具體情況進行選用。Rebarcutting:rebarshallbecutprimarilywithrebarcutterandtoothlesssaw,dependingondiameterandactualconditionsofrebar.D、切斷工藝：將同規(guī)格鋼筋根據(jù)長度進行長短搭配，統(tǒng)籌排料。一般應(yīng)先斷長料，后斷短料，減少短頭，減少損耗。斷料應(yīng)避免用短尺量長料，防止在量料中產(chǎn)生積累誤差，為此宜在工作臺上標(biāo)出尺寸刻度線，并設(shè)置控制斷料尺寸用的檔板。在切斷過程中，如發(fā)現(xiàn)鋼筋劈裂、縮頭或嚴重的彎頭等必須切除。Cuttingprocess:rebarsofidenticalspecsshallbeoverlappedbylength.Normally,longoneshallbefollowedbyshortonewhencuttingtodecreaseshortendsandwaste.Shorttapeshallneverbeusedtomeasurelongrebars.Duringcuttingperiod,incaseofsuchfailuresascrack,contractedendorseriousbends,therebarshallberejected.E、質(zhì)量要求：鋼筋的斷口不能有馬蹄形或起彎現(xiàn)象。鋼筋長度應(yīng)力求準(zhǔn)確，其允許偏差±10mm。Qualityrequirements:regularcuttingendandcorrectlengthshallbeguaranteed,andthetolerancethereofshallbe±10mm.4）彎曲成型BendingA、彎曲設(shè)備：鋼筋彎曲成型主要利用鋼筋彎曲機和手動彎曲工具配合共同完成。Bendingmachinery:steelbenderandmanualbendingtoolsshallbeused.B、彎曲成型工藝：鋼筋彎曲前，對形狀復(fù)雜的鋼筋，根據(jù)配料單上標(biāo)明的尺寸，用石筆將各彎曲點位置劃出。劃出工作宜從鋼筋中線開始向兩邊進行；若為兩邊不對稱鋼筋時，也可以從鋼筋一端開始劃線，如劃到另一端有出入時，則應(yīng)重新調(diào)整。經(jīng)對劃線鋼筋的各尺寸復(fù)核無誤后，即可進行加工成型。Bendingandmolding:beforebending,rebarofcomplexshapeshallbeindicatedwithsizeasperchargersheet,andpositionsofbendingpointsshallbelinedoutwithslatepencil.Lineationworksispreferredtobestartedfromthemiddletobothsides,ifrebarsatbothsidesareasymmetrical,lineationmayalsostartedfromoneside.Ifthereisdiscrepancywhenreachestheotherside,adjustmentshallbedone.Aftersizeofrebardbeinglineatedisrecheckedasqualified,machiningandmoldingmaybestarted.C、質(zhì)量要求：鋼筋在彎曲成型加工時，必須形狀正確，平面上無翹曲不平整現(xiàn)象。箍筋末端彎鉤的凈空直徑不小于鋼筋直徑的2.5倍。鋼筋彎曲點處不能有裂縫，因此對II級鋼筋不能彎過頭再彎回來。鋼筋彎曲成型后的允許偏差為：鋼筋全長±5mm。Qualityrequirements:rebarbeingbent,machinedormoldedmusthavecorrectshapeandonplane,thereshallhavenowarporunevennessphenomenon.Clearancediameterofhookatrebarendshallnotlessthan2.5timesoftherebar’sdiameter.Thebendingpointoftherebarcannothavecrack.Therefore,GradeIIrebarshallnotbeoverbentandbentback.Toleranceaftermoldedrebarshallbe±10mmfortotallengthand±5mmforsidelength.5）鋼筋接頭Joints鋼筋接頭是整個鋼筋工程中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)，接頭的好壞是保證鋼筋能否正常受力的關(guān)鍵。因此，對鋼筋接頭形式應(yīng)認真選擇，選擇的原則是：可靠方便、經(jīng)濟，本工程將根據(jù)具體情況進行選擇如下：Rebarjointsshallbecriticaltoguaranteereinforcementstress.Jointpatternsshallbeselectedonreliable,convenienceandcost-efficientprinciples.A、接頭形式：Jointpatterns:梁：采用閃光對焊連接為主、搭接為輔。Foundationsoleplate:shallbemainlyweldedbyflashbuttweldingtechniqueandoverlappedweldingshallbeusedifnecessary.柱：全部采用機械連接。column:shallallbemechanicallyconnected.6）鋼筋的堆放Storage本工程所有鋼筋在現(xiàn)場成型后，應(yīng)選擇合適的堆放位置，堆放場地應(yīng)堅硬、平整，并鋪設(shè)方木，防止鋼筋污染和變形。成型的鋼筋，應(yīng)按其規(guī)格、直徑大小及鋼筋形成的不同，分別進行堆放整齊，并掛標(biāo)志牌，現(xiàn)場應(yīng)做到整潔清晰，便于查找和使用。Afterpreformingofallreinforcingsteels,theyshallbestoredatproperlocation,whichshallberigidandleveledoffandunderlaidbysquretimberpieces.Thepreformedreinforcingsteelsshallbecategorizedbyspec,diameterandshapeandidentifiedtofacilitateindexingandconsumption.7）鋼筋的綁扎與安裝PlacementandcolligationofreinforcementA、準(zhǔn)備工作：鋼筋綁扎前，應(yīng)核對成品鋼筋的鋼號、直徑、形狀、尺寸和數(shù)量等是否與配料單相符。如有錯漏，應(yīng)糾正增補：劃出鋼筋位置線：為了使鋼筋安裝方便，位置正確，應(yīng)先劃出鋼筋位置線。Preparationworks:Checksteelgrade,diameter,shape,sizeandquantityforconformanceofarrangementsheet.根據(jù)本工程的具體情況，墻筋在其豎筋上劃點；樓板筋在模板上劃線；柱箍筋在四根對稱豎向筋上劃點；梁的箍筋在立筋上劃點。Reinforcementlocationsshallbeidentified:pointsshallbemadeonlongitudinalreinforcementforwall,lineshallbemadeonformworkforfloorreinforcement,pointsshallbemadeonsymmetricallongitudinallreinforcementforcolumns;pointsonhorizontalreinforcementforbeamsshallbemade.準(zhǔn)備足夠數(shù)量的水泥墊塊，以保證鋼筋的保護層厚度。Sufficientcementseatpadsshallbepreparedtoensurereinforcementprotectivethickness.B、框架柱鋼筋的綁扎：Colligationofreinforcementsteelsforstructuralcolumns框架柱的豎向筋采用機械連接，其接頭應(yīng)相互錯開，同一截面的接頭率不大于25%。下層柱筋露出樓面部分，在樓面上應(yīng)扎一道箍筋。柱箍筋位置必須準(zhǔn)確，箍筋加密的范圍應(yīng)符合設(shè)計要求。柱筋扎完后，應(yīng)安裝塑料墊塊。Verticalreinforcementofstructurualcolumnsshallbemechanicallyconnectedandthejointsshallstaggertoeachotherandjointrateontheidenticalsectionshallnotexceed25%.Ahoopreinforcementshallbecolligatedontheexposedpartofthelowercolumnreinforcement.Columnreinforcementmustbecorrectlylocatedandreinforcementintensifyingrangeshallmeetdesignrequirement.Aftercolligationofcolumnreinforcement,cushionblockshallbeplaced.C、樓層梁板鋼筋的綁扎：Colligationofrebarsforbeamslab梁縱向筋采用雙排列時，兩排鋼筋之間應(yīng)墊以直徑≥25mm的短鋼筋，保持其設(shè)計距離。箍筋接頭應(yīng)交錯布置在架立鋼筋上。梁箍筋加密范圍必須符合設(shè)計要求。Longitudinalstressedrebarshall,whenarrangedindoublelayers,befilledwithshortrebarwithdiameternolessthan25mm,tomaintainitsdesignspacing.Stirrupjointsshallbeplacedalternativelyontwoauxiliarysteelbars.Intensifyingscopeofbeamstirrupmustconformtodesignrequirements板的鋼筋綁扎與基礎(chǔ)相同，但應(yīng)注意板上的負筋，應(yīng)加密馬凳綁牢，以防止被踩下。另外板上負筋必須與梁的兩根架立筋扎牢（有梁時），以防移位。Colligationofslabreinforcementshallbethesameasfoundation.However,attentionshouldbepaidtonegativereinforcementattheupperpartoftheslabtopreventcollapseColligationofslabreinforcementshallbethesameasfoundation.However,attentionshouldbepaidtonegativereinforcementattheupperpartoftheslabtopreventcollapse.Furthermore,negativereinforcementmustbesecurelycolligatedwithtwoerectedverticalrebardofbeam(ifany)topreventdisplacement.在板、次梁和主梁交叉處。應(yīng)板筋在上、次梁鋼筋居中，主梁的鋼筋在下。Attheintersectionofbeam,secondarybeamandgirder,reinforcementforslabshallbekeptattheupperside,thatforsecondarybeamatthemiddleandthatforgirderatthelowerside.8）鋼筋質(zhì)量檢查Reinforcementqualityinspection根據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙檢查鋼筋的鋼號、直徑、根數(shù)、間距是否正確，特別要注意檢查負筋的位置；Checksteelgrade,diameter,numberofpiecesandspaceofreinforcementagainstdesigndrawingsandlocationofnegativereinforcementshallbeparticularlychecked.檢查鋼筋接頭的位置及搭接長度是否符合設(shè)計要求；Locationandoverlappinglengthofjointsshallbecheckedagainstdesignrequirements.檢查鋼筋綁扎是否牢固，有松動變化現(xiàn)象；Reinforcementcolligationshallbecheckedfortightness.鋼筋的保護層是否符合要求；Reinforcementprotectivecoatingshallbecheckedforconformance.9）鋼筋工程施工質(zhì)量措施Engineeringqualitycontrolmeasuresforreinforcementworks鋼筋工程要重點加強的管理環(huán)節(jié)和質(zhì)量控制有：Thefollowingpointsshallbefollowed:堅持設(shè)計交底，認真審核和熟悉施工圖紙；Stickingtodesignclarificationandreviewandacquaintanceofconstructiondrawings;嚴把鋼材采購、進場和復(fù)試質(zhì)量關(guān)；Keepingstrictpassofpurchasing,deliveryandretestingofsteelmaterials;鋼筋半成品質(zhì)量控制（包括鋼筋調(diào)直、平直工序，鋼筋切斷下料，鋼筋彎曲成型）；Qualitycontrolofsemifinishedsteelproducts(includingstraightening,aligning,cutting,bendingandpreformingofreinforcementsteels).鋼筋接頭選用形式和設(shè)置接頭范圍；Jointpatternandlocations.鋼筋連接接頭質(zhì)量；Qualityofjoints.（6）鋼筋綁扎與安裝質(zhì)量控制。具體做法如下：Qualitycontrolofreinforcementcolligationandplacement.Refertothefollowingfordetails:A、質(zhì)量控制：Qualitycontrol:對于在主體結(jié)構(gòu)中起核心作用的鋼筋工程，必須在施工的全過程中采取動態(tài)控制，嚴格的執(zhí)行“三檢制”，認真的跟蹤檢查，其重點控制的內(nèi)容為：Dynamic“three-inspectionsystem”shallbestrictlyexecutedduringexectionperiod.Focusshallbeplacedonthefollowing:鋼筋的長度：認真的審查鋼筋的配料單，保證鋼筋下料長度符合設(shè)計要求。Length:arrangmentsheetshallbecarefullyexaminedtoensurerebarcuttinglengthconformtodesignrequirements.鋼筋的錨固：審查配料單保證鋼筋的彎折長度符合設(shè)計要求；現(xiàn)場檢查鋼筋的安裝位置。Anchoring:examinearrangementsheettoensurebendinglengthofrebarconformtodesignrequirements;installationplaceshallbecheckedonsite.鋼筋的接頭：接頭的位置、搭接長度符合設(shè)計要求。Jointing:jointplaceandoverlappinglengthshallconformtodesignrequirements.鋼筋的位置：鋼筋間距、縱向筋的兩端伸到位。Placeofrebar:spacebetweenrebar,bothendsoflongitudinalrebarshallreachtheirdueplace.抗震的要求：箍的彎鉤的角度和長度，審查配料單把關(guān)，梁柱箍筋加密范圍符合設(shè)計要求。Aseismicrequirement:holdingstrictpassofangleandlengthofbendinghookofthehoopandexaminearrangementsheet,theintensifyingscopeoflateralreinforcementforbeamsandcolumnsshallconformtodesignrequirements.鋼筋在加工過程中，如發(fā)現(xiàn)脆斷，焊接性能不良或力學(xué)性能顯著不正常等現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)通報技術(shù)人員處理，此批鋼筋應(yīng)停止加工和使用。Incaseofbrittlefailure,badweldingperformanceorsignificantabnormalofmechanicalpropertyduringmachining,rebarofthecurrentbatchshallbestoppedformachiningandusing.B、鋼筋的質(zhì)量要求Reinforcementqualityrequirements鋼筋進場應(yīng)有出廠質(zhì)量證明書或試驗報告單，鋼筋表面或每捆（盤）鋼筋應(yīng)有標(biāo)識。鋼筋進場時，應(yīng)按爐罐（批）及鋼筋直徑分批進行檢驗。依據(jù)規(guī)范要求，同爐罐號、同規(guī)格、同直徑的鋼筋每60t為一檢驗批量；如果一次進場鋼筋不足一個批量，也應(yīng)按一個批量進行檢驗，對鋼筋質(zhì)量必須嚴格把關(guān)，以確保工程質(zhì)量。Reinforcementsteelsshallbedeliveredtothesitetogetherwithconformitycertificateortestreportandidentificationplates.Thereafter,theyshallbeinspectedbybatched.Asspecifiedinthespecification,reinforcementsteelsofidenticalfurnacenumber,specsanddiametershallbecheckedbybatchesevery60t.Incaseabatchislessthan60tons,itshallalsobecheckedasabatch.鋼筋檢驗的內(nèi)容如下：Reinforcementinspectionshallbedoneasfollowing:外觀檢查：鋼筋進場時應(yīng)隨機抽樣進行外觀檢查，鋼筋的表面不能有裂紋、結(jié)疤、劈裂現(xiàn)象、顆粒狀或片狀老銹，否則會影響到鋼筋在混凝土中的握裹力，所以此鋼筋不能在工程中使用。Visualinspection:reinforcementsteelsurfaceshallberandomcheckedforcracks,scars,cleavagecrack,granulatedorflakydust.Thedefectiveonesshallneverbeusedonthisproject.鋼筋檢驗：檢查鋼筋在外觀檢查合格后，必須進行其力學(xué)性能檢驗。在一批鋼筋中采用隨機方法取出兩根鋼筋，先切除端部，然后在每根鋼筋上截取兩個試件進行冷拉和冷彎試驗。當(dāng)試驗結(jié)果中有一項不合格時，應(yīng)在從同一批鋼筋中其取雙倍數(shù)量的試件重新作力學(xué)試驗。如果試驗全部合格，則該批鋼筋判定為合格；如仍有一個試件不合格，則該批量鋼筋應(yīng)判定為不合格鋼材，應(yīng)立即清除出場，以免錯用給工程造成隱患。Reinforcecmentinspection:aftervisualinspection,reinforcementsteelsshallbecheckedforphysicalproperty.Takingtwosteelsoutofabatch,cuttingtheirendsoff,andthentakingtwotestingpiecesfromeachsteelforcolddrawingandcoldbendingtests.Incaseoffailure,doublenumberofsteelsshallbechecked.Ifallmemberspassthetest,thecurrentbatchshallbecertifiedasqualified.Incaseoneofthemfails,thebatchinquestionshallbecertifiedasdisqualifiedandremovedfromthesite.砼工程Concreteworks混凝土的輸送和澆搗，施工之前首先做好攪拌站的攪拌能力、質(zhì)量、資質(zhì)、信譽度等的考察，選擇各方面較好的攪拌站。預(yù)防混凝土堿集料反映技術(shù)措施按設(shè)計考慮。混凝土規(guī)程質(zhì)量是建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量非做好反映，是工程整體結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量的最終綜合體現(xiàn)，所以必須要強化混凝土質(zhì)量的過程控制。Beforeselectingconcretemixingstation,itsmixingcapacity,quality,credentialandreputationshallbereviewedandtheoutstandingoneshallbechoosen.In-processqualitycontrolofconcreteshallbeenhanced.2）混凝土澆筑方案Concreteplacementplann本工程基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的承臺、短柱，框架結(jié)構(gòu)等的混凝土澆筑。Concreteforcushioncap,shortcolumnandframestructuresofthisprojectshallbeplaced.地下結(jié)構(gòu)每一個施工段施工工藝流程如下：Constructionproceduresofundergroundstructures:放線→基礎(chǔ)地梁、承臺挖土→墊層混凝土澆筑→澆筑承臺、地梁混凝土→短柱鋼筋綁扎→回填土施工→墊層施工→搭設(shè)滿堂紅腳手架→支設(shè)柱模板→澆筑短柱混凝土→澆筑框架柱混凝土→支設(shè)梁、板模板→澆筑梁、板混凝土。Settingoutexcavationoffoundationbeamandpilecapsbedcourseconcreteplacementconcreteplacementforpilecapsandfoundationbeamscolligationofreinforcementsteelsforshortcolumnsbackfillbedcourseworksestablishingall-roundscaffoldingestablishingcolumnformworkconcreteplacementforshortcolumnsconcreteplacementforstructuralcolumnserectingbeamandslabformworkplacingbeamandslabconcrete.本工程結(jié)構(gòu)混凝土采用商品混凝土，采用汽車泵，混凝土振搗采用機械振搗，灑水保濕養(yǎng)護。Thisprojectshallusecommercialconcretedeliveredbyautomobilepump.Concreteshallbemechanicallyvibratedandwater-cured.（1）混凝土澆筑要求Concreteplacementrequirements機具準(zhǔn)備及檢查：Machinerypreparationandcheckup:砼澆注前，對料斗串筒、振動器及振動棒、砼泵等機具設(shè)備按需要準(zhǔn)備落實。對易損機具，應(yīng)有備用，所用的機具均應(yīng)澆筑前進行檢查和試運轉(zhuǎn)，同時配有專職技工以便隨時維修。Beforeconcreteplacement:tumblingbarrel,vibratorandvibratingrod,concretepumpetcmachineryandtoolsshallbemadeavailable.Vulnerabletoolsshallhavespares.Allmachineryandtoolsshall,beforeconcreteplacement,becheckedandcommissioned.Full-timemaintenancemanshallbedesignatedduringexecutionofworks.保證水電供應(yīng)：Guaranteewaterandpowersupply:在砼澆筑期間，要保證現(xiàn)場水、電、照明不中斷?？墒孪扰c水、電供應(yīng)部門取得聯(lián)系。Duringconcreteplacementperiod,waterandpowersupplyshallbeguaranteed.Toachievethisgoal,beforehandcontactshallbekeptwithwaterandpowersupplydepartments.掌握天氣季節(jié)變化情況：對氣象部分加強預(yù)測預(yù)報的聯(lián)系工作在每一施工段澆砼的澆筑質(zhì)量。Tocommandweatherandseasonalchanges,toenhancecontactwithweatherforecaststation.檢查模板、支架、鋼筋和預(yù)埋件：Checkformwork,supports,reinforcedsteelbarsandembeddedpieces：在砼澆筑之前，應(yīng)檢查和控制模板、鋼筋、保護層和預(yù)埋件等的尺寸、規(guī)格、數(shù)量和位置，其偏差應(yīng)符合施工規(guī)范要求。在檢查時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：Beforeconcreteisplaced,dimensions,spec,quanityandlocationofformwork,reinforcedsteelbar,protectivecoatandembeddedpiecesetcshallbecheckedandcontrolled.Theirtoleranesshallsatisfyconstructioncodes.Inspectionshallfocuson:模板的標(biāo)高、位置和構(gòu)件的截面尺寸、規(guī)格、數(shù)量和位置，其偏差應(yīng)符合施工規(guī)范要求。在檢查時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：Elevationandlocationofformworkandsectionalarea,spec,quantityandlocationofformworkshallbecheckedandtolerancethereofshallsatisfyconstructioncodes.模板的標(biāo)高、位置和構(gòu)件的截面尺寸是否符合設(shè)計要求。Whetherelevationandlocationofformworkandsectionalareaofstructuralmemebrssatisfydesign;②所安裝的支架是否穩(wěn)定；Whetehrsupportsarestablyinstalled;③支撐和模板的固定是否可靠。Whetherstanchionsupportsandfixationofformworkarereliable;④砼澆筑前，模板內(nèi)的垃圾、木片等應(yīng)清除干凈。Beforeplacement,garbageandtimberpiecesinsideformworkshallbecompletelyremoved.（2）澆筑厚度 Placementthickness按施工規(guī)范規(guī)定：當(dāng)采用插入式振搗器時，為振搗器作用部分長度的1.25倍，澆筑厚度按500mm一層進行澆筑；當(dāng)采用平板式振動大時為200mm。Asspecified:wheninternalvibratorisemployed,theinsertiondepthshallbe1.25timesofitsactionlengthandtheplacementdepthshallbe500mmperlayer;whenplatevibratorisused,thelayerdepthshallbe200mm.澆筑砼時應(yīng)注意的幾點Precautionsforconcreteplacement:澆筑混凝土，必須認真振搗，嚴格控制砼的均勻性和密實性。當(dāng)砼拌合物運至澆筑地點后，應(yīng)立即澆筑入模。Whenplacingconcrete,vibrationshallbedonewithcaretostrictlycontroluniformityandcompactnessofreinforcedconcrete.Aftermixedconcreteisdeliveredtothejobsite,itshallbeplacedimmediately.澆筑砼施工中，應(yīng)防止砼的分層離析。在豎向構(gòu)件中澆筑砼的高度不能超過3m，否則采用串筒或斜槽送砼入模。Concreteplacingshallbeensuredforproducingnoisolation.Freefallingheightofconcreteshallnotexceed3m.Otherwise,chuteortremieetctoolsshallbeusedforreleasingofconcrete.在澆筑豎向結(jié)構(gòu)的砼前，對結(jié)構(gòu)底部應(yīng)先澆以50—100mm厚與砼成分相同的水泥砂漿，以保證砼在施工縫處的密實。Beforeplacingconcreteintoverticalstructure,itsbottomshallbefilledwith50~100mmthickgroutthathasidenticalingredientsasthereinforcedconcretetoensureitscompactbessatconstructionjoint.澆筑砼時，應(yīng)設(shè)專人經(jīng)常觀察模板、支撐和預(yù)留孔洞等的情況，當(dāng)發(fā)生變形、移位時，應(yīng)立即停止?jié)仓M行處理。Whenplacingconcrete,watchmanshallbedesignatedtoobservestatusofformwork,supportsandembeddedopening.Incaseofdeformationanddisplacement,placingshallbestoppedimmediatelyfortreatment.防止砼的干縮和自身沉實而產(chǎn)生的表面裂紋，應(yīng)在砼終凝前預(yù)以修整。Surfacecrackproducedbydryingshrinkageshallbefixedbeforefinalsetofconcrete.5）混凝土泵送Concretepumping在砼泵送前，先用適時的水濕潤泵車的料斗、泵室及管道等與砼接觸部分，經(jīng)檢查管路無異常后，再用1：1水泥砂漿進行潤滑壓送。Beforepumping,thechute,pumpchamberandpipesubjecttodirectcontactofconcreteshallbewatered.Afterpipehasbeenchecked,1:1cementmortarshallbelubricatedandpumped.開始泵送時，泵機宜處于低速運轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)，轉(zhuǎn)速為500－550r/min。要注意觀察泵的壓力和各部分工作情況，輸送壓力一般不大于泵主油缸最大工作壓力的1/3，能順利壓送后，方可提高到正常運轉(zhuǎn)速度。Atthestartingperiod,pumpshallrunat500-550rps.Pumppressureandworkingmechanismsshallbecloselywatchedandgenerally,deliverypressureshallnotexceed1/3ofthemaximumworkingpressureofthemastercylinder.Whenpumpingcanbedonesmoothly,increasetonormalrps.泵送砼工作應(yīng)連續(xù)進行，當(dāng)砼從供應(yīng)不足或運轉(zhuǎn)不正常時，可放慢壓送速度，以保持連續(xù)泵送，慢速泵送時間，不超過從攪拌到澆筑完畢的允許延續(xù)時間。Concretepumpingshallbedoneconsecutively.Incaseofinsufficientsupplyorabnormalrps,thepumpingspeedcanbesloweddowntomaintainconsecutiveoperation.當(dāng)遇到砼壓送困難，泵的壓力升高，管路產(chǎn)生振動時，不要強行壓送，應(yīng)先對管路進行檢查，并放慢壓送速度或使泵反轉(zhuǎn)，防止堵塞。當(dāng)輸送管堵塞時，可用木槌敲擊管路，找出堵塞管段，將砼卸壓后，拆除被堵管段，取堵塞物，并檢查其余管路有無堵塞，若無堵塞再行接管。重新壓送時，先將空氣排盡后，才能將拆卸過的管段接頭夾箍擰緊。Incaseofpipevibration,pipelineshallbecheckedandpumpingspeedshallbesloweddown.Ifpipeisjammed,woodenhammermaybeusedforknockingthepipe.泵送過程中，應(yīng)注意料斗內(nèi)砼保持不能抵于料斗上口200mm。如遇吸入空氣，應(yīng)立即使泵反向運轉(zhuǎn)，將砼吸入料斗排除空氣后，再進行壓送。Duringpumpingperiod,concreteinchuteshallbekept200mmlowertheupperchute.Ifairhasbeeninhaled,pumprotationshallbereversed.在泵送砼過程中，看泵送中斷時間超過30min或遇壓送困難時，砼泵應(yīng)做間隔推動，每4－5min進行4個行程的反轉(zhuǎn)，以防止砼離析或堵塞。Ifpumpinghasbeensuspendedfor30minorabove,pumpshallbereversedevery4strokesfor4-5mintopreventconcreteisolationorbuildup.為了保證攪拌的砼質(zhì)量，防止泵管堵塞，喂料斗處必須設(shè)專人將大石塊及雜物及時檢出。Toensureconcretmixingqualityandsmoothpumping,awatchmanshallbedesignatedtoremovebigblockandforeignmatters.6）砼的振搗Concretevibration在澆筑砼時，采用正確的振搗方法，可以避免蜂窩麻面通病，必須認真對待，精心操作，對墻、梁和柱均采用HZ－50插入式振搗器；在梁相互交叉處鋼筋較密，可改用HZ6X－30插入式振動器進行振搗；對樓板澆筑砼時，當(dāng)板厚大于150mm時，采用插入式振動器；但棒要斜插，然后再用平板式振動器振一遍，將砼整平，鑿板厚小于150mm時，采用平板式振動器振搗。Correctvibratingmethodshallbeused.Forwall,columnandbeam,concreteshallbevibratedwithHZ-50internalvibrator.Atintersectionofbeams,HZ6X-30typeinternalvibratorshallbeused.Whenslabthicknessislessthan150mm,platevibratorshallbeemployed.當(dāng)使用插入式振動器時振動器正確方法，應(yīng)做到“快插慢拔”。在振搗過程中，宜將振上層砼時，要在下層砼初凝前進行。Whenusinginternalvibrator,itshallbe“quicklyinsertingandslowlypullingout”.Upperlayerreinforcedconcreteshallbevibratedbeforeinitialsetofthelowerlayer.每一插點要掌握準(zhǔn)振搗時間，過短不易密實，過長能引起砼產(chǎn)生離析現(xiàn)象，對塑性砼尤其要注意。一般應(yīng)視砼表面呈水平，不再顯著沉降、不再出現(xiàn)氣泡及表面泛出灰漿為準(zhǔn)。Vibratingdurationshallbecorrectlycommanded.Ifitistooshort,compactnessshallnotbeachievedandifitistoolong,isolationmayoccur.Plasticconcreteshallbepaidwithparticularattention.Generally,vibrationdurationofreinforcedconcreteshallsubjecttotheconcretesurfaceishorizontalandthereisnosignificantsettlement,noairbubbleorbleeding.1.5RR1.5RRR1.75R行列式排列邊格形排列Insertingpointsofvibratorshallbeevenlyarranged.Vibratorshallbemovedinroworstaggeredly(asshownbelow).Themovementdistanceforeachtimeshallnotexceed1.5timestheactionradiusofthevibratingrod.振動器使用時，振動器距模板不應(yīng)大于振動器作用半徑的0.5倍，又不能緊靠模板，且盡量避開鋼筋，預(yù)埋件等。Whenusingvibrator,itshallbekeptnomorethan0.5timestheactingradiusofthevibratorfromtheformworkandfreefromreinforcementandembeddedpieces.當(dāng)使用平板式振動器時：Whenusingplatevibrator:在正常情況下，平板式振動器在一點位的連續(xù)振動時應(yīng)以砼表面均出現(xiàn)漿液為準(zhǔn)。移動振動器時應(yīng)成排依次振搗前進，前后位置和排與排間相互搭100mm，嚴防漏