2015年江蘇省高中考試英語試卷剖析版

2015年江蘇省高考英語試卷解析版參考答案與試題解析一、第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）1．（1分）Whattimeisitnow？A．9：10．B．9：50．C．10：00．【考點】15：短對話理解．【分析】略【解答】A【點評】略2．（1分）Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheweather？A．It'snice．B．It'swarm．C．It'scold．【考點】15：短對話理解．【分析】略【解答】略【點評】略3．（1分）Whatwillthemando？A．AttendameetingB．GivealectureC．Leavehisoffice．【考點】15：短對話理解．【分析】略【解答】A【點評】略4．（1分）Whatisthewoman'sopinionaboutthecourse？A．ToohardB．WorthtakingC．Veryeasy．【考點】15：短對話理解．【分析】略【解答】B【點評】略5．（1分）Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo？A．Speaklouder．B．Apologizetoher．C．Turnofftheradio．【考點】15：短對話理解．【分析】略【解答】C【點評】略6．（2分）（1）HowlongdidMichaelstayinChina？A．Fivedays．B．Oneweek．C．Twoweeks．（2）WheredidMichaelgolastyear？A．Russia．B．Norway．C．India．【考點】16：長對話理解．【分析】略【解答】BC【點評】略7．（2分）聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題．8．WhatfooddoesSallylike？A．Chicken．B．Fish．C．Eggs．9．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo？A．Cookdinner．B．Goshopping．C．Orderdishes．【考點】16：長對話理解．【分析】略【解答】BC【點評】略8．（3分）（1）Wherearethespeakers？A．Inahospital．B．Intheoffice．C．Athome．（2）Whatisthereportdue？A．Thursday．B．Friday．C．NextMonday．（3）WhatdoessuggestStephaniedowiththereport？A．Improveit．B．Handitinlater．C．Leaveitwithhim．【考點】16：長對話理解．【分析】略【解答】BAB【點評】略9．（4分）（1）Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers？A．Salespersonandcustomer．B．Homeownerandcleaner．C．Husbandandwife．（2）Whatkindofapartmentdothespeakersprefer？A．Onewithtwobedroom．B．Onewithoutfurniture．C．Onenearamarket．（3）Howmuchrentshouldonepayfortheone﹣bedroomapartment？A．＄350．B．＄400．C．＄415．（4）Whereistheapartmentthespeakerswouldliketosee？A．OnLakeStreet．B．OnMarketStreet．C．OnSouthStreet．【考點】16：長對話理解．【分析】略【解答】略【點評】略10．（4分）（1）Whatpercentageoftheworld'steaexportsgotoBritain？A．About15%．B．About30%．C．Over40%．（2）Whydoteatasterstasteteawithmilk？A．MostBritishpeopledrinkthatway．B．Teatastesmuchbetterwithmilk．C．Teawithmilkishealthy．（3）Whosuggestsapriceforeachtea？A．Teatasters．B．Teaexporters．C．Teacompanies．（4）Whatisthespeakertalkingabout？A．Thelifeofteatasters．B．AfternoonteainBritain．C．TheLondonTeaTradeCentre．【考點】17：短文理解．【分析】略【解答】略【點評】略第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)：單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑．11．（1分）Thenumberofsmokers，__________isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear．（）A．it B．which C．what D．as【考點】59：關系代詞．【分析】正如所報道的那樣，吸煙者的數(shù)量僅一年就減少了17%．【解答】答案D．這是含有非限制性定語從句的復合句，空缺的詞為關系代詞，故排除A、C．as引導的非限制性定語從句位置靈活，可以放在句首、句中、句末．本題容易誤選B項，把thenumberofsmokers看成是先行詞，這里的關系代詞指代的是thenumberofsmokershasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear這一整句話，而且"asisreported"是常用表達法故選：D．【點評】對于關系代詞的選擇，要分析句子成分，還要結合關系代詞本身的用法，加以選擇和判斷．12．（1分）Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto_____totheirgreatestpotential．（）A．accelerate B．improve C．perform D．develop【考點】A8：實義動詞．【分析】句意：學校應該是一個充滿生機的地方，在這里每個學生個體都被鼓勵充分發(fā)展，最大限度地激發(fā)潛能．【解答】答案D．A選項"加快，加速"常見搭配有"acceleratethepaceof"；B選項"改進，提高"；C選項"表現(xiàn)，表演，執(zhí)行"；D選項"開發(fā)；發(fā)展；沖洗（膠片），養(yǎng)成"；D項符合語境，故選：D．【點評】本題考查動詞辨析．解答此類題目首先要讀懂句意，然后根據(jù)上下文語境鎖定合適的動詞．平時要加強動詞詞匯量的積累．13．（1分）﹣Jim，canyouworkthisSunday？﹣__________？I'vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend．（）A．Whyme B．Whynot C．Whatif D．Sowhat【考點】JI：語言交際．【分析】﹣﹣﹣Jim，這個星期六你能加班嗎？﹣﹣﹣為什么是我？我已經連續(xù)工作兩周了．【解答】答案A．選項AWhyme？的意思是為什么是我；選項BWhynot的意思是為什么不呢；選項CWhatif的意思是要是…會怎么樣；選項DSowhat的意思是那又怎么樣．根據(jù)語境和句意，應該選擇A．【點評】做這類題目，要根據(jù)選項的意義、用法及句意來做出正確的選擇和判斷．14．（1分）Muchtime__________sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems．（）A．beingspent B．havingspent C．spent D．spending【考點】A4：動詞的過去分詞；BB：過去分詞．【分析】句意：因為大部分時間都坐在辦公桌前，所以辦公室職員一般都受健康問題的困擾．【解答】考查獨立主格結構．由句子結構可知，分詞的邏輯主語muchtime與主句主語officeworkers不一致，所以是獨立主格結構．逗號后為主句，逗號前為獨立主格結構作原因狀語．time與spend是被動關系，故填spent．【點評】解答此類題目首先要分析句子結構找出主句，同時要注意主句的主語與分詞的邏輯主語是否一致，如果不一致，則為獨立主格結構．然后再分析分詞的邏輯主語與動詞的主被動關系，主動用doing，被動用done．15．（1分）__________LiBai，agreatChinesepoet，wasbornisknowntothepublic，butsomewon'tacceptit．（）A．That B．Why C．Where D．How【考點】79：連接副詞；H7：wh﹣引導的主語從句．【分析】句意為：中國偉大詩人李白出生的地點是大眾都知道的，但是一些人卻不能接受這一點．【解答】答案：C．is之前的內容是主語從句，從句中缺少狀語，根據(jù)邏輯關系，此處應該是出生的地方，而不是方式或原因．【點評】在主語從句中，除了要考慮句子成分，還要看句子前后的邏輯關系．16．（1分）Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutside__________fullycoveredinthickclothes．（）A．if B．unless C．once D．when【考點】92：從屬連詞．【分析】句意：外面非常冷，如果不裹一件厚實點的衣服，千萬不要出去．【解答】A選項"如果"；C選項"一旦"；D選項"當…時候"；B選項"如果不；除非"；unless＝if…not，句中"unlessfullycovered"為"連詞+省略結構"，補充完整為"unlessyouarefullycovered"可轉換成"Ifyouaren'tfullycovered"理解，根據(jù)句意及邏輯關系"外面非常冷"可推知"如果不裹一件厚實點的衣服會很冷．"B項符合語境．故選：B．【點評】本題考查狀語從句中連詞的辨析．解答此類題目首先要理解題干的意思，其次要知道各選項的意思，然后依次把各個選項意思放入句子根據(jù)語境，不難選出正確答案．關鍵還是在平時學習的過程中，多積累多總結多記憶．17．（1分）Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramsto__________thecountry'sSilkRoadEconomicBelt．（）A．applyto B．caterfor C．appealto D．huntfor【考點】A9：動詞短語．【分析】句意：這所大學開辦了一些新的語言課程以滿足國家絲綢之路經濟帶的需要．【解答】答案：B．applyto意為"向…申請；應用"；appealto意為"對…有吸引力；呼吁"；huntfor意為"搜尋，獵捕，尋找"．caterfor意為"迎合，滿足需要；供應伙食"，其"迎合，滿足需要"可使句意完整，符合邏輯，故選B．【點評】此題考查動詞短語辨析．解此類詞或短語辨析時，一要弄清句意，二要明白各選項的意思，從而選出符合句意的答案．18．（1分）Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble__________theschedule．（）A．didIknow B．haveIknown C．doIknow D．hadIknown【考點】GB：倒裝句；GJ：虛擬語氣．【分析】它可能已省了我一些麻煩，要是我知道這個計劃的話．【解答】根據(jù)主句謂語動詞mighthavedone，可以知道是對過去情況的假設，那么if從句中謂語動詞則需用haddone來表示對過去情況的假設，從而使得主從句保持一致．當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞是助動詞had時，if可以省略，從而將had置于句首，句子倒裝．所以D選項正確．故選：D．【點評】此題考查虛擬語氣中if省略倒裝的現(xiàn)象．當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were，should（助動詞），had（助動詞）時，if可以省略，從而將were，should（助動詞），had（助動詞）置于句首，句子倒裝．解此類題時，要根據(jù)語境、時間狀語或主從句中的謂語動詞形式，來判斷是對過去、現(xiàn)在、將來三個時間里，哪一個時間的虛擬假設，再做題．19．（1分）Thewholeteam_____CristianoRonaldo，andheseldomletsthemdown．（）A．waiton B．focuson C．counton D．callon【考點】A9：動詞短語．【分析】全隊都寄希望于CristianoRonaldo，他很少令他們失望．【解答】waiton意為"服侍，伺候"；focuson意為"集中注意力于…"；callon意為"拜訪；號召"．counton意為"指望，依靠"符合題意，故選C．【點評】此題考查動詞短語辨析．解詞義辨析題時，首先要弄清句意，再來選擇合適的詞或短語．20．（1分）Therealreasonwhyprices__________，andstillare，toohighiscomplex，andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem．（）A．Were B．willbe C．havebeen D．hadbeen【考點】E2：一般過去時．【分析】過去和現(xiàn)在價格一直居高不下的真正原因很復雜，簡短的討論解釋這一問題無法讓人滿意．【解答】答案A．根據(jù)句意和題干中的andstillare提示，可知過去的價格也一直居高不下，故用一般過去時，表示過去的狀態(tài)，故選A．【點評】用何種時態(tài)，可以根據(jù)句意以及題目中所給的提示進行判斷和選擇．21．（1分）Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand__________reviewofthecase．（）A．comprehensive B．complicated C．conscious D．crucial【考點】64：形容詞詞意辨析．【分析】警官決定對這起案件進行一次徹底的、廣泛的審查．【解答】答案：AA項是"綜合的，廣泛的"；B項是"復雜的"；C項是"有意識的，神智清醒的"；D項是"重要的，決定性的"．句中thorough和comprehensive為并列關系，故選A項．【點評】形容詞詞義辨析，只要分清句子中形容詞詞義即可．22．（1分）Someschoolswillhavetomake__________inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform．（）A．judgments B．adjustments C．comments D．achievements【考點】A9：動詞短語．【分析】一些學校將不得不作出調整以和國家足球改革相一致．【解答】答案B．makejudgments意為"作出判斷"；makecomments意為"發(fā)表評論"；makeachievements意為"取得成就"．makeadjustments意為"作出調整"，結合句子的意思，"為了和國家足球改革相一致"，所以要"作出調整"，故選B．【點評】此題考查名詞意思辨析．解此類詞義辨析題時，需結合句意，辨清各選項的詞義，從而選出正確的答案．23．（1分）﹣Whydidn'tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty？﹣Well，youknowhe's__________．（）A．anearlybird B．awetblanket C．aluckydog D．atoughnut【考點】JI：語言交際．【分析】﹣﹣你為什么不邀請約翰來參加你的生日派對呢？﹣﹣哦，你知道他是一個令人掃興的人．【解答】選項Aanearlybird是指早起的人；選項Bawetblanket是指令人掃興的人；選項Cluckydog是指幸運兒；選項Datoughnut是指難對付的人，這四個選項都是俗語，根據(jù)句意以及選項的意思，應該選擇B．故選：B．【點評】做這類題目，首先要正確理解四個選項的意思，然后根據(jù)句意來選擇正確的選項．24．（1分）Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound__________ThomasEdison．（）A．thanksto B．regardlessof C．asidefrom D．butfor【考點】GJ：虛擬語氣．【分析】要不是托馬斯愛迪生，我們現(xiàn)在收益的許多東西將不復存在．【解答】A選項thanksto"幸虧，多虧"；B選項regardlessof"不管，不顧"；C選項asidefrom"除了，除…以外"；D選項butfor"要不是"可用來表示虛擬條件，可用if條件從句代替．butforThomasEdison＝ifithadn'tbeenforThomasEdison【點評】此題考查含蓄型虛擬語氣．含蓄型虛擬語氣常用without，butfor引出，相當于Ifitweren'tfor…和Ifithadn'tbeenfor…，其意為"若不是（有）""要不是"．25．（1分）﹣GoandsaysorrytoyourMom，Dave．﹣I'dliketo，butI'mafraidshewon'tbehappywithmy__________．（）A．requests B．excuses C．apologies D．regrets【考點】31：可數(shù)名詞及其單復數(shù)．【分析】﹣﹣Dave，去向你媽媽說對不起．﹣﹣我想去，但是我怕她不會接受我的道歉．【解答】答案CA項是"請求"；B項是"借口"；C項是"道歉"；D項是"后悔"．由"saysorry"可知，此處應是"道歉"．故選C項．【點評】根據(jù)情景對話辨析名詞詞義，只要弄明白對話的意思即可．第二節(jié)：完形填空（共1小題；每小題20分，滿分20分）請閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑．26．（20分）IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel'sbooksincollegeandwashookedonhispositivityfromthatmomenton．Thestoriesofhisunconventional（36）ideasandtheexceptionalpatientshewroteaboutwereso（37）amazingtomeandhadsuchabig（38）impactonhowIsawlifefromthenon．WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr．BernieandhisCDsagainto）（39）getthroughmyowncancerexperience？I'manambitious（40）writer，andwhenIstartedgoingthroughchemo（化療），eventhoughI'mavery（41）positiveperson，Ilostmydrivetowrite．Iwasjusttootiredandnotinthe（42）mood．Oneday，whilewaitingtogoinfor（43）treatment，IhadoneofDr．Bernie'sbooksinmyhand．Anotherpatient（44）noticedwhatIwasreadingandstruckupaconversationwithme（45）becausehehadoneofhisbookswithhimaswell．It（46）turnedoutthatamongotherthings，hewasaneighty﹣year﹣oldwriter．Hewas（47）actuallyapublishedauthor，andhewascurrently（48）workingonanewbook．Wewouldseeeachotheratvarioustimesand（49）becamefriends．Sometimesheworeaduckhat，andIwouldtellmyself，hewasdefinitelya（n）（50）fanofDr．Bernie．Hereallyputa（51）smileonmyface．Heunfortunately（52）passedawaylastyearduetohiscancer，（53）butheleftadeepimpressiononmeandgavemethe（54）inspirationtopickupmypenagain．I（55）thoughttomyself，"Ifhecandoit，thensocanI．"36．A．tastesB．ideasC．notesD．memories37．A．amazingB．shockingC．amusingD．strange38．A．strikeB．pushC．challengeD．impact39．A．learnfromB．gooverC．getthroughD．referto40．A．readerB．writerC．editorD．doctor41．A．positiveB．agreeableC．humorousD．honest42．A．moodB．positionC．stateD．way43．A．adviceB．referenceC．protectionD．treatment44．A．viewedB．knewC．noticedD．wondered45．A．whileB．becauseC．althoughD．providing46．A．cameoutB．workedoutC．provedoutD．turnedout47．A．naturallyB．merelyC．hopefullyD．actually48．A．decidingB．investingC．workingD．relying49．A．becameB．helpedC．missedD．visited50．A．patientB．operatorC．fanD．publisher51．A．signB．smileC．markD．mask52．A．showedupB．setoffC．felldownD．passedaway53．A．sinceB．butC．soD．for54．A．guidanceB．trustC．opportunityD．inspiration55．A．promisedB．sworeC．thoughtD．replied【考點】L1：記敘文．【分析】本文是一篇記敘文．作者讀了BernieSiegel的書，深受書中積極人生觀的影響．之后作者不幸身患癌癥，病痛的折磨使他放棄了寫作，但在治療期間結識一位同樣受到Bernie影響，年邁卻仍堅持寫作的病友．在病友死后，作者又重新拾起紙筆，以此告訴讀者書籍給人帶來積極的影響．【解答】36．B考查名詞．根據(jù)首段首句可知，作者讀了BernieSiegel的書，深受書中積極人生觀的影響．此處unconventionalideas意為"非傳統(tǒng)的觀點"與上句中"積極的人生觀"呼應．故選B項．37．A考查形容詞．根據(jù)上文中"unconventional（非傳統(tǒng)的）"和"unexceptional（例外的）"提示可知，他書中所寫的東西對我來說十分驚異．故選A項．38．D考查名詞．haveanimpacton為固定搭配，意為"對…有影響"．A項"打擊"；B項"推，逼迫"；C項"挑戰(zhàn)"；D項"影響"．故選D項．39．C考查動詞短語．根據(jù)下文可知，作者不幸身患癌癥，病痛的折磨使他放棄了寫作．但病友的執(zhí)著和BernieSiegel積極的人生觀讓自己又重新拾起紙筆，渡過了這段艱難時期．A項"從…中獲取經驗，汲取教訓"；B項"復習，仔細檢查"；D項"提到，涉及，參考"；C項"渡過難關"；C項符合語境，故選C項．40．B考查名詞．根據(jù)下文中"Ilostmydrivetowrite"可知，作者是一名有抱負的作家．A項"讀者"；B項"作家"；C項"編輯"；D項"醫(yī)生"．故選B項．41．A考查形容詞．句意：盡管我是一個積極的人，還是失去了寫作的動力．apositiveperson與Ilostmydrivetowrite構成讓步關系，可推知，作者是一位非常積極樂觀的人．故選A項．42．A考查名詞．根據(jù)語境作者因為病痛失去了寫作的動力，感到太累，故可推知，作者心情不好．notinthemood意為"心情不好"．故選A項．43．D考查名詞．根據(jù)作者生病了，應該是等待治療，可知，D項符合語境．故選D項．44．C考查動詞．由下文可知，另一位病人應是注意到了作者正在讀的書．notice"注意到"．故選C項．45．B考查連詞．根據(jù)句意："該空后是他主動和我攀談的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的書"可知，空處前后是因果關系，所以because表原因符合語境．故選B項．46．D考查動詞短語．A項"出現(xiàn)，出版"；B項"鍛煉，解決，制定"；C項"證明是合適的，令人滿意的"；D項"證明是，結果是"．"Itturnedoutthat"是固定搭配，意為"結果是…，結果證明…"；根據(jù)語境"除此之外，他是一位八十歲的作家．"可知，D項符合語境，故選D項．47．D考查副詞．A項"自然地"；B項"僅僅"；C項"有希望地"；D項"事實上"；根據(jù)句意"事實上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在寫一本新書．"可知，D項符合語境，故選D項．48．C考查動詞搭配．A項decideon"決定，確定"；B項investon"投資，花時間在…上"；D項relyon"依賴，依靠"；C項workon"從事，忙于"；根據(jù)句意"他目前在寫一本新書"可知，C項符合語境．故選C項．49．A考查動詞．A項"成為"；B項"幫助"；C項"錯過"；D項"拜訪"．根據(jù)句意"我們總是在許多時候見到對方，成了朋友"可知，后來作者和那位病人時不時地見面，也就成了朋友，A項符合語境，故選A項．50．C考查名詞．A項"病人"；B項"操作員，接線員"；C項"粉絲"；D項"出版商"．根據(jù)句意可知，他的確是Bernie的書迷．故選C項．51．B考查名詞．A項"標志，跡象，征兆"；B項"微笑"；C項"標記"；D項"面罩"．根據(jù)語境可知，作者原本心情不好，后來交了新朋友，心情也好轉了，朋友的舉動感染了我，使我在生活中面帶微笑．故選B項．52．D考查動詞短語．A項"出現(xiàn)，露面"；B項"出發(fā)，動身"；C項"跌倒"；D項"去世（死的委婉表達）"．根據(jù)空前的"unfortunately"可知，作者的這位朋友去世了，D項符合語境，故選D項．53．B考查連詞．A項表示時間；B項表示轉折；C項表示結果；D項表示原因；根據(jù)句意"他去年不幸死于癌癥，但給我留下了深刻的印象"可知，前后兩分句之間是轉折關系，故選B項．54．D考查名詞．A項"指導"；B項"信任"；C項"機會"；D項"鼓舞，激勵，啟發(fā)"；根據(jù)空后的"pickupmypenagain"可知，他給了作者鼓舞，作者重新開始寫作．故選D項．55．C考查名詞．A項"承諾"；B項"鄭重發(fā)誓"；C項thinktooneself"自言自語"；D項"回答"；根據(jù)句意"我對自己說："如果他能做到，我也能"可知，C項符合語境，故選C項．【點評】解答此類題目可遵循以下步驟：第一步，通讀全文，了解文章大意，獲得整體印象，同時初選出一批較有把握的答案．第二步，邊核對初選答案邊補填留下的空格．如果短文難度較大，則可復讀幾遍，核對和確定答案．有些空一時決定不了，可作個記號，待復查時再確定．第三步，復查定稿．從整體理解角度出發(fā)，仔細審核答案，確保意義上、語法上沒有錯誤，同時對遺留下來的少數(shù)幾個空格作最后選擇．第三部分：閱讀理解（共4小題；每小題4分，滿分30分）請閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑.27．（4分）56．AccordingtotheCode，visitorsshouldactA．A．withcareandrespectB．withreliefandpleasureC．withcautionandcalmnessD．withattentionandobservation57．WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand？CA．Takeyourowncampingfacilities．B．Buryglassfarawayfromrivers．C．Followthetrackforthesakeofplants．D．Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds．【考點】O3：廣告布告類閱讀；P2：文中細節(jié)；P4：邏輯推理．【分析】本文大意不要攜帶任何有害新西蘭的物品入境保護動植物恰當處理垃圾妥善處理排泄物保護水資源小心防火細心露營野炊不要另辟蹊徑，有路走路處處留意【解答】56．A推理判斷題．根據(jù)文中的副標題可知，去新西蘭旅游時不能攜帶任何危害到新西蘭的物品，要保護動植物，處理好垃圾等可知，游客應該細心對待并尊重自然．故選A．57．C細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文中keeptothetrack中的"keeptothetrack，whereoneexists，soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileplannts．"可知，在有路的地方要沿著路走，這樣可減少對脆弱植物的破壞．故選C．【點評】對于有副標題的應用文，解題時應抓住副標題來理解文章的大意，節(jié)省解題的時間．28．（6分）IntheUnitedStatesalone，over100millioncell﹣phonesarethrownawayeachyear．Cell﹣phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants．Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole．Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver．ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste，theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinSo﹣callede﹣wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals．Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals．Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved，therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries，inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment．Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial，upto100timesmore，thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts．Consideragainthecell﹣phone，andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals，thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging（包裝）itcamein．Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell．TheU．S．EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat"theproduction，distribution，anduseofproducts﹣aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste﹣allresultingreenhousegasrelease．"Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart﹣forinstance，buyingreusableproductsandrecycling．Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（動機）forreducingwaste．Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts，wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace？Governments'incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney．Why，theyask，shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap（氣泡墊）thatencasedyourtelevision？Fromthegovernments'pointofview，aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax﹣payersbacktotheproducers．58．BymentioningtheSwissstudy，theauthorintendstotellusthatB．A．theweightofe﹣goodsisrathersmallB．E﹣wastedeservestobemadegooduseofC．naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetalsD．thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine﹣waste59．Theresponsibilityofe﹣wastetreatmentshouldbeextendedB．A．fromproducerstogovernmentsB．fromgovernmentstoproducersC．fromindividualstodistributorsD．fromdistributorstogovernments60．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？DA．Theincreaseine﹣waste．B．Thecreationofe﹣waste．C．Theseriousnessofe﹣waste．D．Themanagementofe﹣waste．【考點】OA：健康環(huán)保類閱讀；P1：內容歸納；P6：作者情感態(tài)度．【分析】文章主要介紹了電子垃圾的產生、危害以及相關解決措施．隨著電子數(shù)碼科技的進步，產生了越來越多的電子垃圾．手機、電腦和電子元器件等被越來越多地扔掉，里面含有像金銀之類的貴金屬，但也含有大量的有毒物質，作者詳細地分析了造成這一問題的原因，并提出了堅決問題的建議和措施．【解答】58．B推理判斷題．文章第一段告訴我們，每年有大量廢棄電子產品被隨意丟棄．緊接著第二段首句"Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver．"指出：電子設備中含有有用的金屬，如金和銀，并用Swissstudy佐證這一觀點，據(jù)此可知作者想要告訴我們，電子垃圾值得被充分運用．故答案選B．59．B細節(jié)理解題．文中六、七、八段圍繞"生產責任延伸"展開，最后一段做了總結．根據(jù)最后一段的"aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax﹣payersbacktotheproducers．"可知處理電子垃圾的責任應該從政府延伸到用戶身上．故答案選B．60．D主旨大意題．這篇短文主要講述了電子垃圾被隨意丟棄這一現(xiàn)象，文中詳細分析了造成這一問題的原因，并提出了建議．故答案選D"電子垃圾的管理"．而其余三項都只是概括了文章的部分內容，并不能概括全文．【點評】健康環(huán)保類文章常是介紹科學知識、生活常識和環(huán)境保護方面的短文．閱讀此類短文要以現(xiàn)象或事物為中心進行思考，理解現(xiàn)象產生的原因、條件和客觀規(guī)律等．同時要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互關系等．由于此類文章缺乏故事情節(jié)，很多同學對此類文章感到費解．文章都是就事論事，需要邏輯推理和想象的時候較少，因此此類閱讀題也沒有同學們想象中的那么難，只要多加訓練，就能較好地答題．29．（8分）Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization．It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities．Todoso，itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework．Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer．Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved．Forexample，peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness，toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences，andtostrengthensocialrelationships．Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds，peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate．Toselectvolunteers，youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract．Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso．Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice，someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms．Unfortunately，theseprogramscanshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor（e．g．，"Ivolunteerbecauseit'simportanttome"）toanexternalfactor（e．g．，"IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodoso"）．Whenthathappens，peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture．Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust．Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer，whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime？Toanswerthisquestion，researchershaveconductedfollow﹣upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime．Forinstance，onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear．Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions．Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou，itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice．Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento"trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience"．Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview"volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole．Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork．Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam．"Consistentwiththeresearchers'expectations，theyfoundapositivecorrelation（正相關）betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer．Theseresults，onceagain，leadtoconcreteadvice："Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering，continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity…ItemslikeT﹣shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity"．61．PeoplevolunteermainlyoutofD．A．academicrequirementsB．socialexpectationsC．financialrewardsD．internalneeds62．WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy？BA．Follow﹣upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear．B．Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared．C．Strategytrainingisamustinresearch．D．Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice．63．Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork？CA．Individualdifferencesinroleidentity．B．PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT﹣shirts．C．Roleidentityasavolunteer．D．Practicaladvicefromresearchers．64．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？AA．HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteerB．HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC．HowtoKeepVolunteers'InterestD．HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities．【考點】O6：社會文化類閱讀；P1：內容歸納；P2：文中細節(jié)；P4：邏輯推理．【分析】文章分析了志愿者為何自發(fā)地去服務社會，研究者通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：人們做志愿者工作主要是出于內在的需求，因為他們需要這樣做，志愿者身份的認可會激勵他們繼續(xù)從事志愿者工作．【解答】61．D細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段的"peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness，toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences，andtostrengthensocialrelationships．Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds，peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate．"可知，人們做志愿者工作主要是出于內在的需求，故選D．62．B推理判斷題．根據(jù)第四段最后一句的"…trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience"可知，志愿者應該從心理上做好充分的準備，故選B．63．C細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第五段第二句中的"thosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork．"可知，志愿者身份的認可會激勵他們繼續(xù)從事志愿者工作，故選C．64．A主旨大意題．文章開始假設你是一個組織中的領導者，很可能想得到志愿者的幫助，并指出在此之前必須弄清志愿者為什么會自發(fā)地去服務社會，并通過三個實驗研究志愿者的意圖．所以選項A如何讓人們去做志愿者是最好的標題，故選A．【點評】本文是社會文化類閱讀，考查學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．30．（12分）FreedomandResponsibilityFreedom'schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic．Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit．Some2，500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom．Beforethattherewasnofreedom．Thereweregreatcivilizations，splendidempires，butnofreedomanywhere．EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies，oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses．InGreece，inAthens（雅典），alittlecityinalittlecountry，therewerenohelplessmasses．AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed，andtheunwritten，whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether．Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert．TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted．Amanwasfreeifhewasself﹣controlled．Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom．Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair．EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens，notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside，butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety．Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate．Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers．Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall．Ifpeopledonotprizeit，andworkforit，itwillgo．Constantwatchisitsprice．Athenschanged．Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance，aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate．IthadbeentheAtheniansprideandjoytogivetotheircity．Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds．Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork．Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate，thestatewastogivetothem．Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem；andwiththisastheprimaryobject，ideasoffreedomandself﹣relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing．Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare．Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility．Therecouldbeonlyoneresult．Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself﹣dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood，theywouldceasetobefree．Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom．Itistobehadonnootherterms．Athens，theAthensofAncientGreece，refusedresponsibility；shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain．But，"theexcellentbecomesthepermanent"，Aristotlesaid．Athenslostfreedomforever，butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld．AgreatAmerican，JamesMadison，referredto："Thecapacity（能力）ofmankindforself﹣government．"NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek．Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind，butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea，itisnevercompletelylost．TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit．Somehowinthisorthatman'sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction．Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime．65．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tyrannies"inParagraph2referto？DA．Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp．B．Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization．C．Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom．D．Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower．66．PeoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewhoC．A．regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB．seekgainsastheirprimaryobjectC．behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD．treatotherswithkindnessandpity67．WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens？AA．TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility．B．TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity．C．TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment．D．TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness．68．Whatdoesthesentence"Therecouldbeonlyoneresult．"inParagraph5mean？BA．Athenswouldcontinuetobefree．B．Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom．C．Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility．D．FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself﹣dependence．69．WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison？AA．Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom．B．Theauthoriscautiousaboutself﹣government．C．TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization．D．Theauthorisproudofman'scapacity．70．Whatistheauthor'sunderstandingoffreedom？DA．Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage．B．Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage．C．Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility．D．Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility．【考點】O7：政治經濟類閱讀；P1：內容歸納；P2：文中細節(jié)；P6：作者情感態(tài)度．【分析】這是一篇歷史文化類說明文．文章講述了自由的起源、演變及其在古代文化下的形態(tài)和缺陷，以及數(shù)字化世界給自由