2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第二套)及答案

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

ontheimportanceofwritingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteat

least120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

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PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendof

eachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreport

andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,you

mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Annoyed.

B)Scared.

C)Confused.

D)Offended.

2.A)Itcrawledoverthewoman'shands.

B)Itwounduponthesteeringwheel.

C)Itwaskilledbythepoliceonthespot.

D)Itwascoveredwithlargescales.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Astudyofthefast-foodservice.

B)Fastfoodcustomersatisfaction.

C)McDonald'snewbusinessstrategies.

D)Competitioninthefast-foodindustry.

4.A)Customers'higherdemands.

B)Theinefficiencyofemployees.

C)Increasedvarietyofproducts.

D)Therisingnumberofcustomers.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Internationaltreatiesregardingspacetravelprograms.

B)Legalissuesinvolvedincommercialspaceexploration.

C)U.S.government'sapprovalofprivatespacemissions.

D)Competitionamongpublicandprivatespacecompanies.

6.A)Deliverscientificequipmenttothemoon.

B)Approveanewmissiontotravelintoouterspace.

C)Workwithfederalagenciesonspaceprograms.

D)LaunchamannedspacecrafttoMars.

7.A)Itissignificant.

C)Itisunpredictable.

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheend

ofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationand

thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)VisitingherfamilyinThailand.

D)LyinginthesunonaThaibeach.

9.A)ShevisitedaThaiorphanage.

B)ShemetaThaigirl'sparents.

C)ShelearnedsomeThaiwords.

D)ShesunbathedonaThaibeach.

D)Hisphoneisrunningoutofpower.

11.A)HeisinterestedinThaiartworks.

B)Heisgoingtoopenasouvenirshop.

C)Hecollectsthingsfromdifferentcountries.

D)HewantstoknowmoreaboutThaiculture.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust

heard.

13.A)Professionalpersonaltraining.

B)Freeexerciseforthefirstweek.

C)Adiscountforahalf-yearmembership.

D)Additionalbenefitsforyoungcouples.

14.A)Thesafetyofweight-lifting.

B)Thehighmembershipfee.

C)Therenewalofhismembership.

D)Theoperationoffitnessequipment.

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeach

passage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theytendtobenervousduringinterviews.

B)Theyoftenapplyforanumberofpositions.

C)Theyworryabouttheresultsoftheirapplications.

D)Theysearchextensivelyforemployers'information.

17.A)Getbetterorganized.

B)Edittheirreferences.

C)Findbetter-paidjobs.

D)Analyzethesearchingprocess.

18.A)Providetheirdataindetail.

B)Personalizeeachapplication.

C)Makeuseofbettersearchengines.

D)Applyformorepromisingpositions.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Ifkidsdidnotlikeschool,reallearningwouldnottakeplace.

B)Ifnotforcedtogotoschool,kidswouldbeoutinthestreets.

C)Ifschoolsstayedthewaytheyare,parentsweresuretoprotest.

D)Ifteachingfailedtoimprove,kidswouldstayawayfromschool.

20.A)Allowthemtoplayinterestinggamesinclass.

B)Trytostiruptheirinterestinlabexperiments.

C)Letthemstayhomeandlearnfromtheirparents.

D)Designactivitiestheynowenjoydoingonholidays.

21.A)Allowkidstolearnattheirownpace.

B)Encouragekidstolearnfromeachother.

C)Organizekidsintovariousinterestgroups.

D)Takekidsoutofschooltolearnatfirsthand.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)ItisespeciallypopularinFloridaandAlaska.

B)Itisamajorsocialactivityamongtheyoung.

C)Itisseenalmostanywhereandonanyoccasion.

D)Itisevenmoreexpressivethanthewrittenword.

23.A)ItislocatedinabigcityinIowa.

B)Itisreallymarveloustolookat.

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youare

requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina

wordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Please

markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmore

thanonce.

Sincethe1940s,southernCaliforniahashadareputationforsmog.Things

arenotasbadastheyoncewerebut,accordingtotheAmericanLung

Association,LosAngelesisstilltheworstcityintheUnitedStatesforlevels

of26.GazingdownonthecityfromtheGettyCenter,anartmuseuminthe

SantaMonicaMountains,onewouldfindtheviewofthePacificOceanblurred

bythehaze(霾).Noristhestate'sbadair27toitssouth.Fresno,inthe

centralvalley,comestopofthelistinAmericaforyear-roundpollution.

Residents'heartsandlungsareaffectedasa28.Allofwhich,combinedwith

California'sreputationasthehomeoftechnological29,makestheplaceideal

fordevelopingandtestingsystemsdesignedtomonitorpollutionin30.And

thatisjustwhatAclima,anewfirminSanFrancisco,hasbeendoingoverthe

pastfewmonths.Ithasbeentryingoutmonitoringstationsthatare31to

yieldminute-to-minutemapsof32airpollution.Suchstationswillalsobe

abletokeepaneyeonwhatishappeninginsidebuildings,includingoffices.

Tothisend,Aclimahasbeen33withGoogle'sStreetViewsystem.Davida

Herzl,Aclima'sboss,saystheyhaverevealedpollutionhighsondayswhen

SanFrancisco'stransitworkerswentonstrikeandthecity's34wereforced

tousetheircars.Conversely,"cycletowork"dayshavedonetheirjob

by35pollutionlows.

A)assistedB)collaboratingC)consequenceD)consumersE)creatingF)

detailG)domesticH)frequentlyI)inhabitantsJ)innovationK)intendedL)

outdoorM)pollutantsN)restrictedO)sum

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninone

oftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationis

derived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2.

AsTouristsCrowdOutLocals,VeniceFaces'Endangered'List

A)Onarecentfallmorning,alargecrowdblockedthestepsatoneof

Venice'smaintouristsites,theRialtoBridge.TheRialtoBridgeisoneofthe

fourbridgesspanningtheGrandCanal.Itistheoldestbridgeacrossthe

canal,andwasthedividinglinebetweenthedistrictsofSanMarcoandSan

Polo.Butonthisday,therewasatwist:itwasfilledwithVenetians,not

tourists.

B)"Peoplearecheeringandholdingtheircartsintheair,"saysGiovanni

Giorgio,whohelpedorganizethemarchwithagrass-rootsorganizationcalled

Generazione'90.Thecartshereferstoaresmallshoppingcarts—thesymbol

ofatrueVenetian."Itstartedasajoke,"hesayswithalaugh."Theideawas

toputbladesonthewheels!Youknow?LikeBenHur.Preciselylikethat,you

justgoaroundandrunpeopledown."

C)Veniceisoneofthehottesttouristdestinationsintheworld.Butthat'sa

problem.Upto90,000touristscrowditsstreetsandcanalseveryday—far

outnumberingthe55,000permanentresidents.Thetouristincreaseisone

keyreasonthecity'spopulationisdownfrom175,000inthe1950s.The

outnumberedVenetianshavebeensteadilyfleeing.Andthosewhostick

aroundaretiredoflivinginaplacewheretheycan'tevengettothemarket

withoutswimmingthroughaseaofpicture-snappingtourists.Imagine,

navigatingthrough50,000peoplewhileonthewaytoschoolortowork.

D)LauraChigi,agrandmotheratthemarch,saysthelocalandnational

governmentshavefailedtodoanythingaboutthecrowdsfordecades,

becausethey'reonlyinterestedintourism—theprimaryindustryinVenice,

worthmorethan$3billionin2015."Veniceisacashcow,"shesays,"and

everyonewantsapiece."

E)JustbeyondSt.Mark'sSquare,acruiseshippasses,oneofhundreds

everyyearthatappearovertheirmedieval(中世紀(jì)的)surroundings.Their

massivewakecreateswavesatthebottomofthesea,weakeningthe

foundationsofthecenturies-oldbuildingsthemselves."EverytimeIseea

cruiseship,Ifeelsad,"Chigisays."Youseethemuditdrags;thedestruction

itleavesinitswake?Thathurtstheancientwoodenpolesholdingupthecity

underwater.Onedaywe'llseeVenicebreakdown."

F)Foratime,UNESCO,theculturalwingoftheUnitedNations,seemedto

agree.Twoyearsago,itputItalyonnotice,sayingthegovernmentwasnot

protectingVenice.UNESCOconsiderstheentirecityaWorldHeritageSite,a

greathonorthatmeansVenice,attheculturallevel,belongstoallofthe

world'speople.In2014,UNESCOgaveItalytwoyearstomanageVenice's

flourishingtourismorthecitywouldbeplacedonanotherlist—World

HeritageInDanger,joiningsuchsitesasAleppoandPalmyra,destroyedby

thewarinSyria.

G)Venice'sdeadlinepassedwithbarelyamurmur(嘟噥)thissummer,justas

UNESCOwasmeetinginIstanbul.Onlyonerepresentative,JadTabetfrom

Lebanon,triedtoraisetheissue."Forseveralyears,thesituationofheritage

inVenicehasbeenworsening,andithasnowreachedadramaticsituation,"

TabettoldUNESCO."Wehavetoactquickly—thereisnotamomentto

waste."

H)ButUNESCOdidn'tevenholdavote."It'sbeenpostponeduntil2017,"

saysAnnaSomers,thefounderandCEOofTheArtNewspaperandthe

formerheadofVeniceinPeril,agroupdevotedtorestoringVenetianart.She

saysthemainreasontheU.N.culturalorganizationdidn'tvotetodeclare

VeniceaWorldHeritageSiteInDangerisbecauseUNESCOhasbecome

"intenselypoliticized.Therewouldhavebeensomeback-roomnegotiations."

I)ItalyboastsmoreUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesthananyothercountryin

theworld,grantingitconsiderablepowerandinfluencewithinthe

organization.TheformerheadoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageCentre,which

overseesheritagesites,isFrancescoBandarin,aVenetianwhonowservesas

UNESCO'sassistantdirector-generalforculture.

J)Earlierthisyear,ItalysignedanaccordwithUNESCOtoestablishatask

forceofpoliceartdetectivesandarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)toprotectcultural

heritagefromnaturaldisastersandterrorgroups,suchasISIS.Theaccord

underlinedItaly'sglobalreputationasagoodstewardofartandculture.

K)ButaddingVenicetotheUNESCOendangeredlist—whichisdominatedby

sitesindevelopingandconflict-riddencountries—wouldbeaninternational

embarrassment,andcouldevenhurtItaly'sprofitabletourismindustry.The

ItalianCultureMinistrysaysitisunawareofanygovernmenteffortsto

pressureUNESCO.Asfortheorganizationitself,itdeclinedarequestforan

interview.

L)Thecity'scurrentmayor,LuigiBrugnaro,hasridiculedUNESCOandtoldit

tominditsownbusiness,whilecontinuingtosupportthecruiseshipindustry,

whichemploys5,000Veniceresidents.

M)AsforVenetians,they'rebeyondfrustratedandhopingforasolutionsoon.

"It'sanightmareforme.Somesituationsarereallydifficultwithtourists

around,"saysGiorgioashenavigatesaroundaswellingcrowdattheRialto

Bridge."Therearejustsomanyofthem.Theyneverknowwheretheyare

going,anddonotwalkinanorderlymanner.Navigatingthestreetscanbe

exhausting."

N)Thenithitshim:Thiscrowdisn'tmadeupoftourists.They'reVenetians.

Giorgiosayshe'sneverexperiencedtheRialtoBridgethiswayinallhis22

years."Foronce,wearetheoneswhoareblockingthetraffic,"hesays

delightedly."Itfeelsunreal.Itfeelslikewe'resomeformofendangered

species.It'sjustnice.Thefeelingisjustpure."But,heworries,iftourism

isn'tmanagedandhisfellowlocalscontinuetomovetothemainland,his

generationmightbethelastwhocancallthemselvesnativeVenetians.

36.Thepassingcruiseshipswillunderminethefoundationsoftheancient

buildingsinVenice.

37.TheItaliangovernmenthasjustreachedanagreementwithUNESCOto

takemeasurestoprotectitsculturalheritage.

38.TheheritagesituationinVenicehasbeendeterioratinginthepastfew

years.

39.ThedecreaseinthenumberofpermanentresidentsinVeniceismainly

duetotheincreaseoftourists.

40.Iftourismgetsoutofcontrol,nativeVenetiansmaydesertthecity

altogetheroneday.

41.UNESCOurgedtheItaliangovernmenttoundertakeitsresponsibilityto

protectVenice.

42.TheparticipantsintheVenetianmarchusedshoppingcartstoshowthey

were100%localresidents.

43.IgnoringUNESCO'swarning,themayorofVenicemaintainshissupportof

thecity'stourismindustry.

44.OnewomansaysthatfordecadestheItaliangovernmentandlocal

authoritieshaveonlyfocusedontherevenuesfromtourism.

45.UNESCOhasnotyetdecidedtoputVeniceonthelistofWorldHeritage

SitesInDanger.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Livinginanurbanareawithgreenspaceshasalong-lastingpositiveimpact

onpeople'smentalwell-being,astudyhassuggested.UKresearchersfound

movingtoagreenspacehadasustainedpositiveeffect,unlikepayrisesor

promotions,whichonlyprovidedashort-termboost.Co-authorMathew

White,fromtheUniversityofExeter,UK,explainedthatthestudyshowed

peoplelivingingreenerurbanareasweredisplayingfewersignsofdepression

oranxiety."Therecouldbeanumberofreasons,"hesaid,"forexample,

peopledomanythingstomakethemselveshappier:theystriveforpromotion

orpayrises,ortheygetmarried.Butthetroublewiththosethingsisthat

withinsixmonthstoayear,peoplearebacktotheiroriginalbaselinelevelsof

well-being.So,thesethingsarenotsustainable;theydon'tmakeushappyin

thelongterm.Wefoundthatforsomelottery(彩票)winnerswhohadwon

morethan￡500,000thepositiveeffectwasdefinitelythere,butaftersix

monthstoayear,theywerebacktothebaseline."

Dr.Whitesaidhisteamwantedtoseewhetherlivingingreenerurbanareas

hadalastingpositiveeffectonpeople'ssenseofwell-beingorwhetherthe

effectalsodisappearedafteraperiodoftime.Todothis,theteamuseddata

fromtheBritishHouseholdPanelSurveycompiledbytheUniversityofEssex.

Explainingwhatthedatarevealed,hesaid:"Whatyouseeisthatevenafter

threeyears,mentalhealthisstillbetter,whichisunlikemanyotherthings

thatwethinkwillmakeushappy."Heobservedthatpeoplelivingingreen

spaceswerelessstressed,andlessstressedpeoplemademoresensible

decisionsandcommunicatedbetter.

Withagrowingbodyofevidenceestablishingalinkbetweenurbangreen

spacesandapositiveimpactonhumanwell-being,Dr.Whitesaid,"There's

growinginterestamongpublicpolicyofficials,butthetroubleiswhofundsit.

Whatwereallyneedatapolicylevelistodecidewherethemoneywillcome

fromtohelpsupportgoodqualitylocalgreenspaces."

46.Accordingtoonestudy,whatdogreenspacesdotopeople?

A)Improvetheirworkefficiency.

C)Helpthembuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.

D)Lessentheirconcernsaboutmaterialwell-being.

47.WhatdoesDr.Whitesaypeopleusuallydotomakethemselveshappier?

A)Earnmoremoney.

B)Settleinanurbanarea.

C)Gainfameandpopularity.

D)Liveinagreenenvironment.

48.WhatdoesDr.Whitetrytofindoutaboutlivinginagreenerurbanarea?

A)Howitaffectsdifferentpeople.

B)Howstrongitspositiveeffectis.

C)Howlongitspositiveeffectlasts.

D)Howitbenefitspeoplephysically.

49.WhatdidDr.White'sresearchrevealaboutpeoplelivinginagreen

environment?

A)Theirstresswasmoreapparentthanreal.

B)Theirdecisionsrequiredlessdeliberation.

C)Theirmemoriesweregreatlystrengthened.

D)Theircommunicationwithothersimproved.

50.AccordingtoDr.White,whatshouldthegovernmentdotobuildmore

greenspacesincities?

A)Findfinancialsupport.

B)Improveurbanplanning.

C)Involvelocalresidentsintheeffort.

D)Raisepublicawarenessoftheissue.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

YouprobablyknowabouttheTitanic,butitwasactuallyjustoneofthree

state-of-the-art(先進(jìn)的)oceanshipsbackintheday.TheOlympicclassships

werebuiltbytheHarland&WolffshipmakersinNorthernIrelandforthe

WhiteStarLinecompany.TheOlympicclassincludedtheOlympic,the

BritannicandtheTitanic.WhatyoumaynotknowisthattheTitanicwasn't

eventheflagshipofthisclass.Allinall,theOlympicclassshipsweremarvels

ofseaengineering,buttheyseemedcursedtosufferdisastrousfates.

TheOlympiclaunchedfirstin1910,followedbytheTitanicin1911,andlastly

theBritannicin1914.Theshipshadninedecks,andWhiteStarLinedecided

tofocusonmakingthemthemostluxuriousshipsonthewater.

Stretching269.13meters,theOlympicclassshipswerewondersofnaval

technology,andeveryonethoughtthattheywouldcontinuetobesoforquite

sometime.However,allsufferedterribleaccidentsontheopenseas.The

OlympicgotwreckedbeforetheTitanicdid,butitwastheonlyonetosurvive

andmaintainasuccessfulcareerof24years.TheTitanicwasthefirsttosink

afterfamouslyhittingahugeicebergin1912.Followingthisdisaster,the

Britannichitanavalminein1916andsubsequentlysankaswell.

Eachshipwascoal-poweredbyseveralboilersconstantlykeptrunningby

exhaustedcrewsbelowdeck.Mostrecognizableoftheshipdesignsarethe

ship'ssmokestacks,butthefourthstackwasactuallyjustartisticinnature

andservednofunctionalpurpose.Whiletwooftheseshipssank,theywere

alldesignedwithdoublehulls(船體)believedtomakethem"unsinkable",

perhapsamistakenideathatledtotheTitanic'sandtheBritannic'stragic

end.

TheOlympicsufferedtwocrasheswithothershipsandwentontoserveasa

hospitalshipandtrooptransportinWorldWarI.Eventually,shewastaken

outofservicein1935,endingtheeraoftheluxuriousOlympicclassocean

liners.

51.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthethreeOlympicclassships?

A)Theyperformedmarvellouslyonthesea.

B)Theycouldallbreaktheiceintheirway.

C)Theyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.

D)Theyweremodelsofmodernengineering.

52.WhatdidWhiteStarLinehaveinmindwhenitpurchasedthethreeships?

A)Theircapacityofsailingacrossallwaters.

B)Theutmostcomfortpassengerscouldenjoy.

C)Theirabilitytosurvivedisastersofanykind.

D)Thelongvoyagestheywereabletoundertake.

53.Whatissaidaboutthefourthstackoftheships?

A)Itwasamerepieceofdecoration.

B)Itwastheworkofafamousartist.

C)Itwasdesignedtoletoutextrasmoke.

D)Itwaseasilyidentifiablefromafar.

54.WhatmighthaveledtothetragicendoftheTitanicandtheBritannic?

A)Theirunscientificdesigns.

B)Theircaptains'misjudgment.

B)ShewassunkinWorldWarI.

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassage

fromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

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廉?，F(xiàn)在，在大多數(shù)城市，許多當(dāng)?shù)乩夏晔忻穸伎梢悦赓M(fèi)乘坐公交車。

TheImportanceof