哲學(xué)原理方法論三條一簡(jiǎn)易txt

Philosophyandmethodology(threeprinciplesandonesimplicity)Lifeisforbusiness,notfordispute.Feelingsareusedtomaintain,nottotest.Loversareusedtolove,nottohurt.Moneyisforenjoyment,notformeasurement.Liesareusedtobreak,nottodecorate.Trustisusedtoprecipitate,nottochallenge.

Thee*istenceanddevelopmentofnatureisobjective.

Content:Naturee*istsbeforepeopleandpeople'sconsciousness.

Aftertheemergenceofhumanbeings,thee*istenceanddevelopmentofnaturearenottransferredbyhumanbeingsandtheirwill.

Peoplecanmakeuseofnaturetotransformnature,andthepremiseandfoundationareobjectivenaturalobjectsandtheirattributesandlaws.

Methodology:Recognizingtheobjectivityofnatureisthebasicpremiseforhumanbeingstodealwithanynaturalrelationsconsciously.

Whileusingnaturetotransformnature,weshouldrespectnature,protectnatureandliveinharmonywithnature.

Materialdeterminesconsciousness.

Content:Materialfirst,consciousnesssecond,materialdeterminesconsciousness,andconsciousnessisthereactionofobjectivee*istenceinhumanbrain.

Methodology:Proceedfromrealityandachievetheunityofsubjectiveandobjectiveconcretehistory.

Reactionofconsciousness

Content:Consciousnesshasactiveandnegativeeffectsonmatter.Correctconsciousnesspromotesthedevelopmentofobjectivemistakes,whilefalseconsciousnesshindersthedevelopmentofobjectivethings.

Methodology:Payattentiontotheroleofconsciousness,payattentiontospiritualstrength,consciouslyestablishcorrectconsciousnessandovercomefalseconsciousness.

Objectivityoflawsandsubjectiveinitiativeofpeople.

Content:Lawisobjective,e*istenceanddevelopmentarenottransferredbyhumanwill,humanbeingscan'tcreateandeliminatelaws,andhumanbeingshavesubjectiveinitiative,sotheycanknowanduselaws.

Methodology:Toknowandusethelaw,wemustgivefullplaytooursubjectiveinitiative,whichmustbebasedonrespectingthegeneralobjectivelaw.

Contactpointofview

Content:Thingsareuniversallyconnected.

Theinternalelementsofthingsareinterrelatedwitheachother.

Everythingisinterrelatedwiththethingsaroundit.

Thewholeworldisaninterconnectedandunifiedwhole.

Methodology:Lookatproblemsfromtheperspectiveofconnection.

Causality.

Content:Anyphenomenonwillcauseotherphenomena,andanyantecedentphenomenoniscausedbyotherphenomena.

Therelationshipbetweencausingandbeingcausediscalledcausality.

Everythingintheworldisinachainofcausality.

Methodology:Recognizingtheuniversalityandobjectivityofcausalityisthepremiseforpeopletocorrectlyunderstandthingsandconductscientificresearch.

Onlybygraspingthecausalrelationshipofthingscorrectlycanweimprovepeople'sconsciousnessandpredictabilityofpracticalactivities.

thewholecontact

Content:Thewholeisinadominantposition,dominatingtheparts,andthewholehassomefunctionsthatarenotavailableatall.

Affectthewholepart,andpartcannotbeseparatedfromthewhole.

Whenthewholeiscomposedofpartswithreasonablestructure,thewholefunctionisgreaterthanthesumofparts,whichwilldamagethewholefunction.

Undercertainconditions,thefunctionsofkeypartsplayadecisiveroleintheoverallfunction.

Methodology:setuptheoverallconcept,dothingsfromtheoverallperspective,andseekthebestgoal.

Doagoodjobinlocalareastoma*imizetheoverallfunction.

Theviewpointofdevelopment

Content:Theworldischanginganddeveloping.

Methodology:Lookatproblemsfromtheperspectiveofdevelopment.

Seethingsasaprocessofchangeanddevelopment.

Makeclearwhatpositionandstagethingsarein.

Keeppacewiththetimes,cultivateinnovativespiritandpromotethegrowthofnewthings.

Dialecticalrelationshipbetweeninternalande*ternalfactors

Content:Theinternalcauseisthebasisofthings'development,thee*ternalcauseistheconditionofthings'development,thee*ternalcauseworksthroughtheinternal,andthedevelopmentofthingsistheresultofthejointactionofinternalande*ternalfactors.

Methodology:Payattentiontobothinternalande*ternalcauses,andadheretotheviewpointofcombininginternalande*ternalcauses.

mutualchangeofquality

Content:Everythingchangesfromquantitativechange,whichistheprerequisiteandnecessary

preparationforqualitativechange.

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Whenthingschangetoacertaindegree,itwillinevitablyleadtoqualitativechange,whichistheinevitableresultofquantitativechange.

Changesinthestructureorarrangementofelementsofthingscanalsocausequalitativechanges.

Methodology:Payattentiontotheaccumulationofquantity,adheretotheprincipleofmoderation,seizetheopportunitytomakealeap,andlearntooptimizethestructure.

Progressivenessandtheunificationoffaltering

Content:Thedevelopmentofthingsistheunityofprogressivenessandfaltering.

Methodology:Weshouldnotonlyfirmlybelievethatthefutureisbright,butalsobepreparedtotakeatortuousroad/

Regularityofthedevelopmentofthings

Content:Thingsdevelopregularly,andthelawisobjective.

Methodology:Weshouldrespectlaws,actaccordingtoobjectivelaws,givefullplaytopeople'ssubjectiveinitiativetoknowlaws,andmakeuseoflawstobenefitmankind.

Contradictoryviews

Content:Therelationshipbetweenoppositesandunitycontainedinthingsthemselvesiscalledcontradiction,andeverythingistheunityofopposites.

Methodology:Weshouldsticktothedichotomytopreventone-sidedness.

Particularityofcontradiction

Content:Contradictionisspecial.

Methodology:Specificanalysisofspecificproblems.

Dialecticalrelationshipbetweenuniversalityandparticularityofcontradiction

Content:Theuniversalityandparticularityofcontradictionaredialecticalandunified,anduniversalityresidesinparticularityandismanifestedthroughparticularity.Withoutparticularity,thereisnouniversality.

Methodology:Learnscientificcognitivemethodsandscientificworkingmethods.

Contradictionbetweenprimaryandsecondary

Content:Themaincontradictionandthesecondarycontradictionaredialecticallyunified.Themaincontradictionisinadominantpositionandplaysadecisiveroleinthedevelopmentofthings,whilethesecondarycontradictionisinasubordinateposition,whichaffectsthedevelopmentandresolutionofthemaincontradiction.

Methodology:Begoodatgraspingkeypointsandconcentrateonsolvingmajorcontradictions.Makeoverallplansandproperlyhandleminorcontradictions.

Relationshipbetweenprimaryandsecondaryaspectsofcontradiction

Content:Themainaspectofcontradictiondeterminesthenatureofthings,andthesecondaryaspectaffectsthenatureofthings.

Methodology:Begoodatgraspingthemainaspectsofcontradictions,graspingtheessenceandmainstreamofthings,andnotneglectingtributaries.

Two-pointtheoryandkeypointtheory

Content:Thetwo-pointtheoryisunifiedwiththeemphasistheory.Thetwopointsarethehighlightswithemphasis,andtheemphasisisthekeyofthetwopoints.

Methodology:Combiningthetwo-pointtheorywiththekeytheory,weshouldnotonlylookattheproblemcomprehensively,butalsobegoodatgraspingthemainstreamandthekeypoints.

9.Practicedeterminesunderstanding.

Content:Practicedeterminesunderstanding.Itisthesource,motiveforceandultimategoalofpracticecognition,anditistheonlystandardtotestwhethercognitioniscorrect(practiceisthefoundationofcognition,cognitiondependsonpractice,andpracticeplaysadecisiveroleincognition).

Methodology:Adheretothefirstviewpointofpracticeandactivelyparticipateinsocialpractice.

knowthereaction.

Content:Knowledgehasanegativeeffectontime,andscientifictheoryhasagreatwaytopromotepractice.

Methodology:Attachimportancetotheroleofscientifictheoryandcombineknowledgewithpractice.

Understandingunlimiteddevelopment

Content:Cognitiondevelopsinfinitely,anditdeepens,e*pandsandmovesforwardwiththedevelopmentofpractice.

Methodology:Emancipatingthemind,advancingwiththetimes,pioneeringandinnovating,andconstantlydeepeninganddevelopingunderstanding.

2.Phenomenaandessence,perceptualknowledgeisbasedonrationalknowledge.

Content:Everythingistheunityofphenomenonandessence,andperceptualknowledgeisunifiedwithrationalknowledge.

Requirements:Raiseperceptualknowledgetorationalknowledge,andknowtheessenceofthingsthroughphenomena.

People'ssubjectiveinitiative

Content:Peoplehavesubjectiveinitiative.

Methodology:Givefullplaytosubjectiveinitiative,recognizeandutilizelaws,andcombinesubjectiveinitiativewithrespectforobjectivelaws.

Viewofthemasses

Content:Peoplearethemainbodyofpracticeandthecreatorsofhistory.

(Peoplearethecreatorsofsocialmaterialwealthandspiritualwealth,andthedecisiveforceofsocialchange)

Methodology:Establishthemassviewpoint,adheretothemassline,andstrivefortheinterestsofthepeople.

therelationshipbetweensociale*istenceandsocialconsciousness

Content:Sociale*istencedeterminessocialconsciousness(thenatureandchangeofsociale*istencedeterminethenatureandchangeofsocialconsciousness)

Socialconsciousnesshasapositiveandnegativeeffectonsociale*istence.Advancedandscientificsocialconsciousnesspromotesthedevelopmentofsociale*istence,whereasithindersthedevelopmentofsociale*istence.

Methodology:Proceedfromreality,makethesubjectiveconformtotheobjective,andconsciouslyestablishacorrectsocialconsciousness.

Theguidingroleofvalues

Content:Asakindofsocialconsciousness,valueshaveactiveandnegativeeffectsonsociale*istence.Differentvalueshavedifferentguidingrolesforindividualsandsociety.

Methodology:Establishcorrectvalues.

Collectivismvalues

Content:Collectivismvaluesarethecorrectvalueorientationofourpeopleinthenewperiod.

Methodology:Adheretothevaluesofcollectivismandputthenationalinterestsfirst.Whenthe

interestsofthestate,thecollectiveandtheindividualconflict,weshouldconsciouslysacrificetheindividualintereststosafeguardtheinterestsofthestateandthecollective.

Thetruevalueoflife

Content:Thevalueoflifeincludesindividual'scontributiontosocietyandsociety'ssatisfactiontoindividuals.Therealvalueoflifeliesinindividual'scontributiontosociety.

Methodology:Strivetomakecontributionstosocietyandrealizeone'sownlifevalue.

Personalactivitiesandsocialdevelopment

Content:Individualactivitiesandsocialdevelopmentaredialecticalandunified.Individualactivitiesarerestrictedbysocialdevelopment,andatthesametimehaveadynamicimpactonsocialdevelopment.

Methodology:Weshouldachievetheunityofindividualandsociety.

loftyideals

Content:loftyidealsaretheboosterofsocialprogress,thespiritualstrengthofournationalunityandcommonstruggle,andthespiritualpillaroflife.

Methodology:Establishloftyideals.

IdealandReality

Content:Idealandrealityaredialecticallyunified,idealoriginatesfromrealityandishigherthanreality,andidealcanbetransformedintorealitythroughhardwork.

Methodology:Strivehardtorealizetheideal.

Comple*edition

Philosophicalprinciplesandmethodology

Dialecticalmaterialism-materialism

1.Materialityoftheworld

[WorldOutlook]Dialecticalmaterialismholdsthatmatterisanobjectiverealitythatdoesnotdependonhumanconsciousnessandcanbereflectedbyhumanconsciousness.Whetheritisthee*istenceanddevelopmentofnatureorthee*istenceanddevelopmentofhumansociety,theydonotdependonhumanconsciousness.Thisobjectivereality,whichdoesnotdependonhumanconsciousness,ismateriality.Thewholeworldisamaterialworldthate*istsobjectivelywithoutrelyingonhumanconsciousness,andtheessenceoftheworldismaterial.

[Methodology]Thematerialprincipleoftheworldrequiresustothinkaboutproblemsanddothingsinapracticalway,thatis,todecideourprinciples,policies,plansandothersubjectivethingsbasedonobjectivefacts.Opposesubjectivism,namelydogmatismandempiricism,inpracticalwork.

Andmaterialconsciousness.

[WorldOutlook]Matterdeterminesconsciousness,andconsciousnesshasanegativeeffectonmatter.Acorrectconsciousnesscanpromotethematerial.

【Methodology】①Whenthinkingaboutproblemsanddoingthings,weshouldproceedfromrealityandmakethesubjectiveconformtotheobjective.①Payattentiontotheroleofconsciousness,thepowerofspirit,andestablishcorrectconsciousness.

Materialdeterminesconsciousness.

[WorldOutlook]Matterdeterminesconsciousness,andconsciousnessisthereflectionofobjectivethingsinthehumanbrain.

[Methodology]requiresustopersistinproceedingfromreality,seekingtruthfromfacts,andbeingsubjectiveandobjective.Weshouldopposeone-sidede*aggerationoftheeffectofconsciousnessonobjectivethingsandidealism.

Principleofactiveactionofconsciousness.

[WorldOutlook]Consciousnesscancorrectlyreflectobjectivethings.Consciousnesscancorrectlyreflectnotonlythee*ternalphenomenaofthings,butalsotheessenceandlawsofthings.Theactiveroleofconsciousnessisalsohighlightedbythefactthatconsciousnesscanreactagainstobjectivethings.Consciousness,whichcancorrectlyunderstandthematerialandcorrectlyreflecttheobjectivethingsandtheirlaws,playsapositiveroleinpromotingthedevelopmentofthings,whiletheconsciousnessviolatingthelawsplaysanegativeroleinhinderingthem.

[Methodology]Thisprinciplerequiresustocorrectlyunderstandandevaluatetheactiveroleofconsciousnessandgivefullplaytopeople'ssubjectiveinitiativeonthepremiseofadheringtothedecisiveroleofmatter.Itisnecessarytoopposeboththemetaphysicalviewpointofdenyingtheactivefunctionofconsciousnessandtheidealisticviewpointofunilaterallye*aggeratingtheactivefunctionofconsciousness.

Dialecticalrelationshipbetweenobjectiveregularityandsubjectiveinitiative.

[WorldOutlook]Lawisobjective,anditsfunctionisindependentofpeople'swill.Lawrestrictspeople'ssubjectiveinitiative.Ontheotherhand,peoplehavesubjectiveinitiative,andcanrecognizeandutilizelaws.

[Methodology]Thisprinciplerequiresustogivefullplaytothesubjectiveinitiative,respecttheobjectivelaws,andactaccordingtothelaws.Givefullplaytopeople'ssubjectiveinitiative,knowandusethelaws,changetheconditionsunderwhichthelawswork,andturnharmintoprofit.

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Dialecticalmaterialism-dialectics

Contactview

Universalityandobjectivityofcontact

Principlecontent:Everythingintheworldisinuniversalconnection,andnoneoftheme*istsinisolation.Thewholeworldisaunifiedwholewithuniversalconnection.Therelationshipbetweenthingsisobjective,anditdoesnotdependonpeople'sconsciousness.Peoplecan'tdenyandcutofftheobjectiverelationshipbetweenthings,andtheycan'tmakeuptherelationshipsubjectively.

[Methodology]Adheretotheviewpointofconnection,recognizeandgrasptherealconnectionofthings,specificallyanalyzetheconnectionbetweenthings,changethestateofthingsaccordingtotheirinherentconnection(changeconditionstocreateconditions),andestablishnewspecificconnections.

Causalconnection

Principlecontent:thecausalrelationshipbetweenthingsisnotonlythefirstandsubsequentrelationship,butalsotherelationshipbetweencausingandbeingcaused;Thereasonisalwaysaccompaniedbyacertainresult,andtheresultisalwayscausedbyacertainreason;Everythingisconnectedbycausality,whichisuniversalanddoesnotdependonhumanwill.

[Methodology]Thisprinciplerequiresustorecognizeandgraspthecausalrelationshipofthingsinourpracticalwork.①Recognizingtheuniversalityandobjectivityofcausalityisthefirststepforpeopletocorrectlyunderstandthingsandconductscientificresearch.①Correctlygraspingthecausalityofthingscanimprovepeople'sconsciousnessandpredictabilityinpracticalactivities.

Therelationshipbetweenthewholeandparts

Principle:Thewholeisinthedecisivepositionofthecommanderinchief,andsomepartsaresubordinatetothewhole.Theperformancestateofthewholeanditschangeswillaffecttheperformancestateandchangesofsomeparts;Thewholeismadeupofparts.Theformationofthewholefunctionisinseparablefromsomeoriginalfunctions,andsomerestrictthewhole.Evenundercertainconditions,theperformancestateofkeypartswillplayadecisiveroleintheperformancestateofthewhole.

【Methodology】①Weshouldestablishaglobalconcept,focusonthewhole,andseekthebestgoal.①Weshoulddoagoodjobinlocalareastoma*imizetheoverallfunction.

theconceptofdevelopment

Developmentperspective

Principle:Everythingisintheprocessofnever-endingmovement,changeanddevelopment,andthewholeworldisamaterialworldwithinfinitechangesandeternaldevelopment;Itistheprocessofdevelopingnewthingstoreplaceoldthings.

【Methodology】①Persistinlookingatproblemsfromtheperspectiveofdevelopment①Seethingsasaprocessofchangeanddevelopment,①Knowwhatstageandpositionthingsarein,①Keeppacewiththetimes,cultivateinnovativespiritandpromotethegrowthofnewthings.

Dialecticalrelationshipbetweeninternalande*ternalcauses

Principle:Thedevelopmentofthingsistheresultofbothinternalande*ternalfactors;Isthebasisforthechangeanddevelopmentofinternalthings;E*ternalfactorsareconditions;E*ternalfactorsworkthroughinternalfactors.

【Methodology】Insistonthedialecticalrelationshipbetweeninternalcauseande*ternalcause,attachimportancetotheroleofinternalcause,whilenotneglectinge*ternalcause.

Dialecticalrelationshipbetweenquantitativechangeandqualitativechange

Principle:Thechangeanddevelopmentofthingsaretheunityofquantitativechangeandqualitativechange;Thedevelopmentofeverythingbeginswithquantitativechange,whichisthe

prerequisiteandnecessarypreparationforqualitativechange.Quantitativechangetoacertaine*tentwillinevitablyleadtoqualitativechange,whichistheinevitableresultofquantitativechange;Thingsareconstantlydevelopingintwostates:quantitativechangeandqualitativechange.

【Methodology】①Thechangeofdosageleadstoqualitativechange.Lookattheproblem.①Adheretotheprincipleofmoderation.①Losenotimeinmakingaleap.①Payattentiontotheaccumulationofquantity.①Learntooptimizethestructure.

Thedevelopmentofthingsistheunityofprogressivenessandfaltering

Principle:Thegeneraltrendofthedevelopmentofthingsisforward,whiletheroadofdevelopmentistortuous;Thedevelopmentofeverythingistheunityofprogressivenessandfaltering.

[Methodology]Adheretotheviewpointthatthedevelopmentofthingsisprogressiveandtheunityoffaltering,firmlybelievethatthefutureisbright,andpreparetotakeatortuousroad.

(C)theconceptofcontradiction

Theunityofoppositesofcontradictions

Principlecontent:Contradictionistherelationshipbetweenoppositesandunitycontainedinthingsthemselves,thatis,theunityofopposites.Contradictionsaremanifestedas:thetwosidesofcontradictionaremutuallye*clusiveandseparatedfromeachother;Unity:Itismanifestedinthemutualattractionandconnectionbetweenthetwosidesofcontradiction.(1)Thee*istenceofonesideispremisedonthee*istenceoftheotherside,andbothsidesareinaunity.(2)Undercertainconditions,thetwosidesareoppositetoeachother.Oppositionisabsolute,identityisconditionalandrelative,andtheoppositionandunityofbothsidesofthecontradictionarealwaysinseparable.[Methodology]Thisprinciplerequiresustoadheretotheviewpointofbisection,dichotomyandtwo-pointtheoryinpracticalwork,andopposeone-sidednessandone-pointtheory;

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Principleofuniversalityandobjectivityofcontradiction

Principlecontent:contradictione*istsineverythingandrunsthrougheverything,thatis,therearecontradictionsineverythingandalways.Atthesametime,contradictionsareobjective,andtheydonotdependonpeople'swillfortransfer.Peoplecanneithercreatenordestroythem.

[Methodology]Thisprinciplerequiresustodaretoadmitcontradictionsinpracticalwork,usetheviewpointofsplittingintotwo,adheretothedichotomyandtwo-pointtheory,andopposeonesidednessandone-pointtheory;

Principleofparticularityofcontradiction

Principle:Thecontradictionbetweendifferentthingshasdifferentcharacteristics;Thecontradictionofthesamethinghasdifferentcharacteristicsindifferentstages;Bothsideshavetheirowncharacteristics.Theparticularityofcontradictionistheinternalreasonwhythingsaresodifferent.[Methodology]Specificanalysisofspecificproblems

Dialecticalrelationshipbetweenuniversalityandparticularityofcontradiction.

Principlecontent:theuniversalityandparticularityofcontradictionaredialecticalunityandinseparable;Thetwoareinterconnected;Itcanbetransformedintoeachotherondifferentoccasions.

【Methodology】①Learntounderstandthingscorrectly,mastertheorderofunderstanding①Learntoworkscientifically.

Principleofrelationshipbetweenprincipalcontradictionandsecondarycontradiction

Principle:Thecontradictionthatisinadominantpositionandplaysadecisiveroleinthedevelopmentofthingsiscalledthemaincontradiction;Othercontradictionsthataresubordinateandhavenodecisiveeffectonthedevelopmentofthingsarecalledsecondarycontradictions.Theydependoneachotherandinfluenceeachother;Transformintoeachotherundercertainconditions.[Methodology]Begoodatgraspingthekeypointsandconcentratingthemainforcestosolvethemaincontradictions;Weshouldlearntomakeoverallplansanddealwithminorcontradictionsproperly.

Primaryandsecondarycontradiction

Principlecontent:Themainaspectreferstotheaspectthatoccupiesadominantpositionandplaysaleadingroleinthings,whilethesecondaryaspectreferstotheaspectthatisinadominantpositionanddoesnotplayaleadingrole;Therelationshipbetweenthetwoisunityofopposites;Theyaremutuallye*clusiveandinterdependent,andtransformintoeachotherundercertainconditions.

[Methodology]Tolookattheproblemcomprehensively,weshouldbegoodatdistinguishingbetweenmainstreamandtributary.Adheretotheunityofthetwo-pointtheoryandthekeytheory.7.Therelationshipprinciplebetweenthetwo-pointtheoryandtheemphasistheory.

[PrincipleContent]Theprinciplethatprimaryandsecondarycontradictionsandprimaryandsecondaryaspectsofcontradictionsareinterrelatedrequiresustoadheretotheunityofthetwo-pointtheoryandthekeypointtheory.Twopointsaretwokeypoints,andthekeypointsarethekeypointsofthetwopoints.Itiswrongtoleavetwopointstotalkaboutthekeypointsorleavethekeypointstotalkabouttwopoints.

[Methodology]Weshouldunifythetwo-pointtheoryandthekeytheory,lookatproblemsanddothingscomprehensively,andbegoodatgraspingthekeypointsandthemainstream,andopposetheone-pointtheoryandtheequilibriumtheory.Twopointsaretwokeypoints,andthekeypointsarethekeypointsofthetwopoints.

Dialecticalmaterialism-epistemology

(A)theconceptofcognition

Principleofsubjectiveinitiative

[Basicviewpoint]Humansubjectiveinitiativeisauniqueabilityandactivityofhumanbeings.Itincludestheabilityandactivitiesofhumanbeingstoknowtheworld,theabilityandactivitiesofhumanbeingstotransformtheworld,andthementalstateofhumanbeingsintheactivitiesofknowingandtransformingtheworld.

Togivefullplaytosubjectiveinitiative,wemustrespecttheobjectivelawsandproceedfromtheobjectiveconditions,andtogivefullplaytosubjectiveinitiative,wemustaccumulatecorrect

subjectivefactors.

【Methodology】Humanbeingsmustgivefullplaytotheirsubjectiveinitiativeintheactivitiesofunderstandingandtransformingtheworld.Itiswrongtoemphasizetheobjectivityorsubjectiveinitiativeofone-sidedlaws.

Principleofdialecticalrelationshipbetweenperceptualknowledgeandrationalknowledge[Basicviewpoint]Perceptualcognitionandrationalcognitionaredifferentfromeachother.Perceptualcognitionisthecognitionofthingsandphenomena,thelow-levelstageofcognition,whichcanbedirectlyobtainedbymeansofsensoryorgans,andisasuperficialcognition.Rationalcognitionisthecognitionofthenatureandlawofthings,anditistheadvancedstageofcognition.Itcanonlybeobtainedthroughrationalthinking,whichisdeeper,morecorrectandmorereliablethanperceptualcognition.Botharecognition,theformissubjective,thecontentisobjective,rationalcognitiondependsonperceptualcognition,andperceptualcognitionneedstorisetorationalcognition.

[Methodology]Onthebasisofgainingperceptualknowledgeinpractice,weshouldconsciouslydevelopperceptualknowledgeintorationalknowledge..

Theguidingprincipleofthescientifictheoryoftruth

[Basicviewpoint]Truthispeople'scorrectunderstandingofthenatureandlawsofthings.Thesystematizationofrationalknowledgeandtheformationofacertainsystemaccordingtoitsinternallogicformascientifictheory.Thescientifictheoryoftruthcanforeseethedirectionofthings'development,guidepeopletoputforwardcorrectplansforpracticalactivities,andplayahugeroleinpromotingpeople'spracticalactivities.

[Methodology]Payattentiontolearningscientifictheories;Adheretothecombinationoftheoryandpracticeandgivefullplaytotheguidingroleofscientifictheory.

Basictaskprincipleofcognition.

Principlecontent:throughperceptualknowledgetorationalknowledge,wecangrasptheessenceandlawofthingsthroughphenomena.

[Methodology]requiresustogr