情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法+have-done

ModalVerbsLet’sLearncancouldbeabletomaymightmustshall shouldwill wouldoughtto dareneedhavetousedtohadbetter常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedonecan/could/may/mighthavedone(1)都表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)。意為“也許／可能已經(jīng)”?？隙ň?may/might/couldhavedone(≠canhavedone)否定句:can’t/couldn’t/maynot/mightnothavedone疑問(wèn)句:Can/Could/Might…h(huán)avedone?(≠M(fèi)ay…h(huán)avedone?)

—She’stwohourslate—whatcan/couldhavehappened?Can/Couldhehavemissedhertrain?—Yes,shemay/mighthave.Shemay/might/couldhaveoversleptandgotuptoolate.MightIhavelostitsomewhere?

Compare:

Hecan’t/couldn’t/maynot/mightnothavegoneoutbecausethelight’son.

(現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè))Ithoughthecouldn’t/mightnothavegoneoutbecausethelightwason.

(過(guò)去對(duì)過(guò)去之前的推測(cè))Ithoughtitmightrain.(Itmayrain.)Iaskedifitcouldrain.(Canitrain?)

(過(guò)去對(duì)過(guò)去將來(lái)的推測(cè))

Mywife’sinhospital—ourbabycould/may/mightarriveatanytime.

(現(xiàn)在對(duì)將來(lái)的推測(cè))—Whatdoyouthinkthatnoisewas?—Itmay/might/couldhavebeenacat.(現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè))—Whatdoyouthinkthatnoiseis?—Itmay/might/couldbeacat.(≠can)(現(xiàn)在對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè))(2)could/mighthavedone還表示過(guò)去本能夠／本可以做某事是而實(shí)際沒有做，有時(shí)含有“責(zé)備”之意。

Inmyview,theaccidentcould/mighthavebeenprevented.Youcould/mighthavetoldmeaboutitearlier.(3)could/mighthavedone還表示過(guò)去本會(huì)發(fā)生某事而幸好沒有發(fā)生。Youwerestupidtotryclimbingupthere.Youcould/mighthavekilledyourself.Youshouldn’thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlookinground.Youmight/couldhavebeenknockeddownbyacar.(4)could/mighthavedone還用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。表示“過(guò)去本會(huì)做某事”而沒有做。

Ifhehadnotbeenbusythen,hecould/might(也可用would)havehelpedme.=Hecould/might/wouldhavehelpedme,buthewasbusythen.=Hewasbusythen.Otherwise/Or/Orelsehecould/might/wouldhavehelpedme.Hecould/might/wouldhavehelpedme,evenifhewasbusy.Icould/might/wouldnothavefinisheditintimewithoutyourhelp.2.musthavedone

表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測(cè),意為“肯定／一定做了或發(fā)生了某事”。只用于肯定句中。

Someonemusthaveopenedthecage—thelioncouldn’thaveescapedonitsown.Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.

Compare:—Wasthatthemanagerwhowalkedby?—Itmusthavebeen./No,itcan’thavebeen.—Isthatthepostmanwhoisknockingatthedoor?—Itmustbe./Itcan’tbe.

3.should/oughttohavedone表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做，含有“責(zé)備”之意。Theplant’sdead.MaybeIshouldhavegivenitmorewater.IknowIoughtnottohavetakenthemoney.Compare:

Compare:Wedidn’texercisemuch,butwereallyoughttohave/shouldhave.Wedon’texercisemuch,butwereallyoughtto/should.(2)表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè),意為“應(yīng)該會(huì)”，“理應(yīng)會(huì)”。

It’seighto’clock.Heshouldhavearrivedhere(shouldbehere)bynow.

Thatwasdisappointing—weshouldhavewonthatgameeasily.(3)有時(shí)表示對(duì)將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)。

IshouldhavefinishedreadingitbyFriday.4.needn’thavedone

表示過(guò)去本不需要做某事而實(shí)際上做了。

Therewasplentyoftime.Ineedn’thavehurried.(ButIhurried.)Compare:Therewasplentyoftime,soIdidn’tneedtohurry.(SoIdidn’thurry.)Compare:There’splentyoftime,soIneedn’thurry.(now)1.SorryI'mlate.I_____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.should

C.canD.will2.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.

A.mustB.mayC.canD.will3.Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy,they

justbequietpeople.A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would4.Liza___wellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling.（2008全國(guó)II）

A.will

B.can

C.must

D.may

ABBD5.Michael____beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may6.----IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.----Oh,didyou?You____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed7