語法填空的解題技巧非謂語動(dòng)詞（Joan）

高二年級(jí)寒假線上學(xué)習(xí)課程英語專題復(fù)習(xí)

LecturedbyJoan高中英語語法填空的解題技巧--

非謂語動(dòng)詞

題型解讀一篇200字左右的短文6-7個(gè)空需根據(jù)給出單詞的正確形式填空

（不多于三個(gè)單詞）3-4個(gè)空需根據(jù)上下文填寫內(nèi)容

（一個(gè)單詞）能力考查：語篇理解、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語法運(yùn)用、單詞拼寫（2019年全國II

卷）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61_______(be)

Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee--stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63_______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64_______

(declare)shehadnoplans65_______(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66_______(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67_______becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31--whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness--saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68_______(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69_______joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's70_______(wonder).”命題探究（2019年全國II

卷）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61_______(be)

Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee--stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63_______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64_______

(declare)

shehadnoplans65_______(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66_______(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67_______becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31--whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness--saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68_______(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69_______joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's70_______(wonder).”命題探究（2019年全國2卷）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61_______(be)

Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee--stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63_______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64_______

(declare)shehadnoplans65_______(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66__________(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67_____becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31--whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness--saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68_______(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69____joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's70__________(wonder).”命題探究beingwhichfinallydeclaredtoretirehavemadesayingbutawonderful67.連詞69.冠詞64.謂語動(dòng)詞66.謂語動(dòng)詞61.非謂語動(dòng)詞65.非謂語動(dòng)詞68.非謂語動(dòng)詞63.副詞70.形容詞62.關(guān)系代詞語法填空解題思路有提示詞(實(shí)詞)沒有提示題(虛詞)作謂語：不作謂語考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致非謂語動(dòng)詞：todo/doing/done詞類轉(zhuǎn)換：尤其是形容詞變副詞比較等級(jí)：名詞：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)或所有格的變化代詞：人稱代詞、不定代詞、it的用法、物主代詞、反身代詞冠詞：名詞之前，尤其是泛指“一個(gè)”，或特指某個(gè)人或事物連詞：空格的前后都是句子（有主謂成分）；前后是并列成分介詞：當(dāng)空格后的名詞在句中不是作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)

非謂語動(dòng)詞Focusoftoday!主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式

完成進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式

done非謂語動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)形式

todo

tobedone

tohavebeendone

tohavedone

tobedoing

tohavebeendoing

doingbeing

donehavingdonehavingbeendonetododoingdone4stepstogo1.確定是否用非謂語動(dòng)詞；2.判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中的成分和作用；3.判斷語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)；1)句子是否已存在謂語動(dòng)詞；2)并列連詞？1)主語，表語？2)賓語？3)定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語？(找邏輯主語)1)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系2)分析時(shí)態(tài)4.特殊句式，固定搭配Step11.確定是否用非謂語動(dòng)詞；1）句子是否已存在謂語動(dòng)詞；2）并列連詞(and,or等)→有：謂語

→無：非謂語動(dòng)詞1._____(turn)totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.2.________(turn)totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.TurningTurn謂語非謂語Step22.判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中的成分和作用；作主語或表語doing或todo作賓語doing或todo固定搭配作定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語（考慮與邏輯主語的關(guān)系）doing主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行done被動(dòng)，完成todo目的，將來主語謂語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語同位語1._________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.Walking

2.Tim'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse________(argue)withhim.arguing

非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語或表語時(shí)，使用V.-ing或todo形式，表示習(xí)慣性的，一般的行為用V.-ing，表示具體的，一次性的動(dòng)作用todo.3.Mytasktodayis

_________(finish)theessaybeforedusk.tofinish1Ican’tstand_________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)________(talk)whilesheworks.Sheissotalkative.tostopworking非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，使用V.-ing或todo形式，視各動(dòng)詞具體的固定搭配而定。(1)有些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語。如refuse,decide,pretend,manage等。

(2)有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。如avoid,admit,imagine,mind等。

(3)在stop,forget,remember等動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，但意義差別較大。(4)含介詞的固定句式，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing，getusedto,lookforwardto等。talking21.Thefirsttextbooks_______(write)forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.written

running

2.Don’tleavethewater________(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語3.WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________(buy)presentsformydad.tobuy

非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語一般來說，作狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是___________；作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是________；作定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是__________。句子的主語賓語被修飾詞3Step3與邏輯主語的關(guān)系：doing主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行done被動(dòng)，完成todo主動(dòng)，目的，將來（1）_______(see)

fromthetopofthehill,ourhouselookslikeacar.（2）_______(see)thedogcomeover,ourfriendranaway.（3）_______(see)moreclearly,theycameupandgotclosetoit.ToseeSeenSeeing3.判斷語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)；（1）Thequestion______________(discuss)nowatthemeetingisveryimportant.（2）Thequestion________(discuss)atthemeetinglastweekisveryimportant.（3）Thequestion_______________(discuss)atthemeetingnextweekisveryimportant.beingdiscusseddiscussedtobediscussed注意時(shí)態(tài)同樣表被動(dòng)意義的非謂語動(dòng)詞，因時(shí)間狀語不一樣，形式也發(fā)生了相應(yīng)的變化。因此，非謂語動(dòng)詞也是有“時(shí)態(tài)”的。Step4修飾“the+序數(shù)詞”,用不定式todo作后置定語。(2).Thelastone________(arrive)paysthemeal.toarrive(1).Theflowers_________(smell)sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.作系動(dòng)詞的感官動(dòng)詞不能用被動(dòng)形式smelling4.特殊句式，固定搭配(4).______(tire)ofplayingfootball,hewentbacktotheclassroom.(5).______(face)withdifficulty,herushedforwardbravely.(3).______(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.LostTiredFaced有些過去分詞源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，相當(dāng)于形容詞。做非謂語時(shí)，去掉be動(dòng)詞。belostin（埋頭于）;beinterestedin;betiredof（對(duì)......厭煩）;besatisfiedwith（對(duì)......滿意）;beexcitedabout;befacedwith（面對(duì)）;bedressedin（穿著）；beseated（坐下）6.Thewaterisnotfit_________(drink),soholdoutuntilwegettoashop．

todrink7.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood__________(breathe).tobreathe非謂語動(dòng)詞在形容詞后作補(bǔ)充成分時(shí)，使用todo形式作為固定搭配。常見的此類形容詞有fit,easy,hard,difficult,expensive,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dangerous,good,impossible等，此搭配還習(xí)慣用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意。Practicemakesperfect高考真題演練

▲2019年全國卷IModernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64____________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

Scientistshaverespondedby67_______

(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.

toperformnoting解析：64.toperform

該句為“be+形容詞+不定式”的固定結(jié)構(gòu)，需用不定式的主動(dòng)式作狀語。67.noting介詞后用note的動(dòng)名詞形式noting作賓語。

▲2019年全國卷IIIOnourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake62_________

(get)there.

Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,70________

(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.

▲2019年浙江卷Butsomestudentsdidn’twant63__________(wear)theuniform.togetlisteningtowear解析：62.toget

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，ittakes+時(shí)間+todosth中，it作形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語。70.listening

主語we與listen之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語。浙江卷63.towear

want后通常接不定式todosth作賓語。

▲2018年

全國卷IYoudon’thavetorunfastorforlong62_______(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof

_________

(die)earlybyrunning.dyingtosee解析：62.tosee根據(jù)句意“要見到效果，你不必快跑或長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地跑”,

tosee作目的狀語。63.dying介詞后用die的動(dòng)名詞形式dying。

全國卷II

Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64__________

(improve)waterquality.

China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

toimprovefeeding解析：64.toimprove

根據(jù)語境“改善水質(zhì)”是“政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種玉米而不種水稻”的目的，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。70.feeding

when/while+現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于when/while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，也是它的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。

全國卷IIIIquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel

65____________

(challenge).

Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme70_______(stay)andwatch.

浙江卷Istillremember59________

(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI

wasshocked

whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.lookingchallengedtostayvisiting解析：64.looking

avoid后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。avoiddoingsth意為“避免做某事”。

65.challenged

主語he與challenge（對(duì)……挑戰(zhàn)）之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式作表語。70.tostay

allowsbtodosth是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“允許某人做某事”，因此應(yīng)填tostay。浙江卷59.visiting

rememberdoingsth

意為“記得做過某事”。

▲2017年全國卷IFatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63__________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Fastfoodisfulloffatan