外研版（2023）高中英語選擇性必修第三冊 Unit6 Nature in words 作業(yè)（含答案）

第第頁外研版（2023）高中英語選擇性必修第三冊Unit6Natureinwords作業(yè)（含答案）Unit6Natureinwords作業(yè)

一、完形填空

Thewinterof2023wasespeciallytoughinonenorthwesterncity,whereitbecameextremelycoldanditwasalsoadifficulttimeforme.What’sworse,a(n)1injuryhappenedtomeanditmightkeepmeinbedforseveralmonths.

OnedayIwasdoingmyhousework2therewasatapatthewindowfromabranchofthetroublesomefruittree.Onhearingthis,withmyeyesclosed,slowly,Ibegantorecallthefallof1995whensomebodyplacedapipefrommypumpnexttothe3.Theearthwassowetthatit4immediatelywithmostofitsbarerootsupward.Seeingthis,mymother5topullitout,butIrefused.“Howhardit’strying!”Isaid,6thedirectionofitsstrongholdingoftheearth.“Itis7ofachancetosurvive.”Withtools,we8drysoilaroundthetreeandputupsomesupportsintotheground,makingit9upright.

SeveralmonthshadpassedbeforeIcouldbe10ofit.Surprisingly,whenspringreturned,my“rescuestick”hadgrownsomeleavesandmany11.In2023ithadgrownintoatoweringtree.Whatanunbelievablemiracleoflife!

ThedaybeforetheSpringFestival,the12atthewindowwascontinuing,themorefiercewind,thebettersound,asiftoremindmetolookupandappreciateitspowerfullife.

ThatnightIsleptpeacefullyhavinga(n)13.Inthedreamsomeflowerswerecomingout14.ThenextmorningIstoodagainstthewindow.15thewindowwasthetreeburstingwithlife.Anyway,IhadawonderfulSpringFestivalthatyear.

1．A．a(chǎn)dmirableB．terribleC．favorableD．slight

2．A．whileB．a(chǎn)sC．whenD．that

3．A．windowB．treeC．branchD．wall

4．A．stoodupB．cameoutC．gotoutD．felldown

5．A．decidedB．pretendedC．failedD．continued

6．A．a(chǎn)ttachingtoB．watchingoverC．lookingintoD．pointingto

7．A．confidentB．proudC．worthyD．certain

8．A．threwB．turnedC．neededD．placed

9．A．bendB．dropC．standD．swing

10．A．a(chǎn)wareB．tiredC．worthwhileD．proud

11．A．rootsB．nutsC．flowersD．stems

12．A．tappingB．strikingC．a(chǎn)ttackingD．hitting

13．A．ideaB．walkC．restD．dream

14．A．politelyB．shylyC．passivelyD．wildly

15．A．OnB．OutsideC．InsideD．Besides

二、閱讀理解

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicalsWiththerightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).Firstheconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”

16．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs

A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.

17．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks

A．Tofeedtheanimals.B．Tobuildanecosystem.

C．Toprotecttheplants.D．Totesttheeco-machine.

18．WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork

A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

Lookoutthewindoworwalkovertoapatchofsoilnearyourhome.Itcouldbereddishbrown,black,darkgrayoreventhecolourofrich,darkchocolate.Ifit’smoistenough,runyourhandsthroughit.Itmayseparateintothickclumpsthatcanholdwaterandlaterreleaseit.Withafewexceptions—suchasdesertsites—thisishowgoodsoilbehaves.

Infact,thenumberofmicroscopicorganismsthatliveinashovelfulofrichgardensoilexceedsthenumberofplantsandanimalsinhabitingtheentireabovegroundAmazonrainforest.AndtheAmazonisknownforhavingmoreplantsandanimalsthananyotherland-basedhabitat.

SoiliswhatsupportslifeonEarth.Mostpeoplegiveitlittlethought,butitfeedsusandtheecosystemsaroundus.Itiswherecountlessspeciesmaketheirhomes.Itcollectswater,pullspollutantsfromtheairandhelpssupporttheplanet’satmosphere.SoilisoneofMotherNature’sunsungheroes.

Andwhilemostsoillookslikeit’sstatic,justsittingthereunmoving,itactuallyhostsplentyofactivities.Itsearthwormsmaybediggingtunnels.Wormsareweightlifters.Buttheyaren’ttheonlyonesmakingchanges.Othercreaturesbelowgroundaretootinytoseewiththeunaidedeye.Theseincludeonecelledcreaturescalledprotozoa(單細(xì)胞生物).Theyimprovesoilbyeatingbacteriaandreleasingnitrogen,whichhelpsplantsgrow.

Andthenthereareallthosebacteria.Mostpeoplethinkofthemasdangerous.Insoils,theynotonlyserveaspreytobeneficialprotozoa,butalsoperformanenvironmentalservice.Theyhelprecycledeadplantpartsandanimaltissuesintonutrients.Theyeventurnsomepollutantsinsoilandwaterintomoreofthenutrientsthatcansustainthediversespeciesthatmakeuplivelyecosystemsbeneathourfeet.

19．What’sthepurposeofmentioningtheAmazonrainforestinthesecondparagraph

A．ToindicatetherichspeciesintheAmazonrainforest.

B．TointroducetherichsoilintheAmazonrainforest.

C．Tostressthevarietyofmicroscopicorganismsintherichsoil.

D．ToillustratebiodiversityabovegroundtheAmazonrainforest.

20．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph

A．SoilissomethingthatsupportslifeonEarth.

B．Soilprovidesavarietyofbenefitstoourplanet.

C．Soildeterminesthequalityofourecosystems.

D．SoilistheMotherNature’sunsunghero.

21．WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUEaccordingtothetext

A．Thesoilinthedesertbehavesaswellasgoodsoildoes.

B．MostpeoplegivethoughttosoilforitsupportslifeonEarth.

C．Mostsoilindeedhostsplentyofactivitiesthoughitlooksquiet.

D．Thebacteriainsoilsalmostdonogoodtotheenvironment.

22．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext

A．CategoriesoftheSoilonEarthB．TheDisappearanceoftheRichSoil

C．BiodiversityintheAmazonRainforestD．HealthySoilSupportsLifeonOurPlanet

Asapopularsubjectofstudyamongevolutionaryecologists,thethree-spinedstickleback(三刺魚)isknownfortheirdifferentshapes,sizes,andbehaviors—theycanevenliveinbothseawaterandfreshwater,andunderawiderangeoftemperatures.Butwhatmakesthat

Theresearcherstrackedsixpopulationsofthefishbeforeandafterseasonalchangestotheirenvironment,usinggenomesequencing(基因組測序).Seasonalchangesresultingreatchangesinhabitatstructureandbalanceofsaltandfreshwater,andonlythosefishabletotoleratetheserapidchangessurviveintothenextseason.

“Thesechangesprobablyresemblethehabitatshiftsexperiencedbysticklebackpopulationsduringthepast10,000years,saysProfessorBarrett“Wehopetogaininsightintothegeneticchangesthatmayhaveresultedfromnaturalselectionlonginthepast.”

Remarkably,theresearchersdiscoveredtheevidenceofgeneticchangesdrivenbytheseasonalshiftsinhabitats,whichmirroredthedifferencesfoundbetweenlong-establishedfreshwaterandsaltwaterpopulations.“Thesegeneticchangesoccurredinindependentpopulationsoverasingleseason,highlightingjusthowquicklytheeffectsofnaturalselectioncanbedetected,”saysProfessorBarrett,“thefindingssuggestthatwemaybeabletousethegeneticdifferencestopredicthowpopulationsmayadapttotheenvironment.”

Theresearchemphasizestheimportanceofstudyingspeciesindynamicenvironmentstogainabetterunderstandingofhownaturalselectionoperates.Inthefurtherresearch,theyplantoinvestigatehowrepeatabletheobservedgeneticchangesare,bytestingwhethertheyshowupyearafteryear.Doingsowoulddemonstratetheirabilitytoreliablyforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofthesepopulations.

23．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout

A．Thedifficultiesoftheresearch.B．Thepurposeoftheresearch.

C．Thebackgroundoftheresearch.D．Themethodsoftheresearch.

24．Whatisthemainreasonforthethree-spinedstickleback’ssurvival

A．Habitatshifts.B．Geneticchanges.

C．Seasonalchanges.D．Independentpopulations.

25．Whywillscientistsstudytherepetitionofthegeneticchanges

A．Toknowwhatnaturalselectionis.

B．Tostudyspeciesindynamicenvironments.

C．Totestthereliabilityofthepresentdiscoveries.

D．Toforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofcertainspecies.

26．Whereisthetextfrom

A．Asciencemagazine.B．Asciencefiction.

C．Anadvertisement.D．Anovel.

HaveyoueverwonderedifyouseethesamecoloursasotherpeopleMostpeopleknowwhatblueiswhentheyseeit.Theycallit“blue”becausetheyweretaughtthewordandconnecteditwithwhattheysaw.Buthowdoyouknowwhatyouseeasblueisn’tsomeoneelse’sred

Theabilitytonoticedifferentcoloursisuptoreceptors(感受器)inoureyes.Lightwaveshitthesereceptorsandtheyreactdependingonwhichcolourthelightis,sendingsignalstothebrain.Thebrainthenreadsthesesignalstodeterminewhichcolourlighttheeyesarereceiving.

Somepeople’sreceptorsaremoredevelopedthanothers.Theinabilityofthereceptortofeelthelightwavescorrectlymeansthatsomepeoplecannottellthedifferencesbetweensimilarcolours.Thosewithmoredevelopedreceptorscanseemorecolours.Wesometimeshearpeoplehavinganargumentaboutwhethersomethingisdarkblueorblack.Itmightbebecauseonepersonhasstrongerreceptorstofeelthelightwavesthananother.

Inthepast,mostscientistswouldarguethateveryonesawcoloursinthesameway.However,researchwasconductedonmonkeys,inwhichtheirreceptorswerechanged.Thisenabledthemtoseemorecoloursthanusual.Normallymonkeyscanonlyseeblueandgreen,butthechangeallowedthemtoseered.Theirbrainsautomatically(自動地)gotusedtonewcolours.Thissuggeststhatourbrainsmayfindnewcoloursofthethingswesee.Colourscouldbeaverypersonalexperience,uniquetoeveryone.

So,thenexttimeyoutalkaboutyourfavouritecolour,justrememberthatifyoursisblueandyourfriendsaysred,youtwomightactuallybethinkingaboutthesamecolour.Whatifeveryoneintheworldhasthesamefavouritecolour,butjustcallsitdifferentnames

27．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout

A．Howweseecolours.

B．Howthebraindealswithsignals.

C．Therelationbetweenthebrainandsignals.

D．Theconnectionbetweenreceptorsandlightwaves.

28．Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragree

A．Peoplewithpoorreceptorsusuallyhavecolourweakness.

B．Peoplecannotfeelcolourswiththeirdevelopedreceptors.

C．Themorelightspeoplefeel,theweakerreceptorstheyhave.

D．Peopleoftencannottellthedifferencebetweendarkblueandblack.

29．What’sthepurposeofconductingtheresearchonmonkeys

A．Todevelopthereceptorsofhumans.

B．Toenablemonkeystofindmorecolours.

C．Totestthemonkeysforcolourrecognition.

D．Toprovenoteveryoneseescoloursinthesameway.

30．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom

A．Afilmreview.B．Anartjournal.

C．Asciencemagazine.D．Abusinessnewspaper.

Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsandideologiesarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings.

Stressingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Analternativeanswertothequestion“Whytrustscience”isthatscientistsusetheso-calledscientificmethod.Ifyou’vegotahighschoolsciencetextbooklyingaround,you’llprobablyfindthatanswerinit.Butwhatistypicallythoughttobethescientificmethod—developahypothesis(假設(shè)),thendesignanexperimenttotestit—isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andsometimes,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthings.

Ifthereisnodependablescientificmethod,thenwhatisthereasonfortrustinscienceTheanswerishowthoseclaimsareevaluated.Thecommonelementinmodernscience,regardlessofthespecificfieldortheparticularmethodsbeingused,isthestrictscrutiny(審查)ofclaims.It’sthistough,sustainedprocessthatworkstomakesurefaultyclaimsarerejected.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalengthy“peerreview”becausethereviewersareexpertsinthesamefieldwhohaveboththerightandtheobligation(責(zé)任)tofindfaults.

Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.Noclaimgetsaccepteduntilithasbeenvettedbydozens,ifnothundreds,ofheads.Inareasthathavebeencontested,likeclimatescienceandvaccinesafety,it’sthousands.Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.

DoesthisprocessevergowrongOfcourse.Scientistsarehumans.Thereisalwaysthepossibilityofrevisingaclaimonthebasisofnewevidence.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds”.Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearcontradictory:thatscienceproducesbothnoveltyandstability.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.

31．Howdoestheauthorthinkoftheso-calledscientificmethod

A．Stable.B．Persuasive.

C．Unreliable.D．Conclusive.

32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vetted”inParagraph4probablymean

A．Explained.B．Examined.

C．Repeated.D．Released.

33．Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewithaccordingtothepassage

A．Itisnotpersuasivetorejectthosefaultyclaims.

B．Settledsciencetendstobecollectivelyoverturned.

C．Aleadingexpertcannotplayadecisiveroleinascrutiny.

D．Diversityinknowledgeisthecommonelementinscience.

34．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage

A．PutYourFaithinScienceB．DefendtheTruthinScience

C．ApplyYourMindtoScienceD．ExploreaDynamicWaytoScience

三、七選五

TheHealingPowerofWater

Ithasbeenaroughfewyears.Manyofusarefindingourselvesexhausted,burnedout,strugglingtobuildbalancebackintoourlives.35Neuroscientistssaythatspendingtimenearoceans,lakes,riversandotherbluespacescanprovidearangeofbenefitsincludingreducinganxiety,easingmentalfatigueandrefreshingus.

Participatinginwateractivitiessuchasswimmingorsurfingcanhelpusentera“flowstate,”wherewebecomefullyimmersedinwhatwe’redoing.36Whenwebecomeskilledatanactivity,ourbrainchanges,makingiteveneasiertoenterastateofflowinthefuture.

Bodiesofwateralsocanproduceaglorioussenseofawe—theemotionalresponsetosomethingvastthatexpandsandchallengeshowweseetheworld.37

Waterhasspecialpropertiesthatmayboostnature’spositiveimpact.38Itssmellcanprovokepositivememoriesandassociations.Whenwearenearwater,thereisoftenlessvisualandauditoryinformationtoprocess.Ourmindcanrest.Whenwe’refloatinginwater,ourbodiescanresttoo,inawaywenevercanonland.

39Itmovesrhythmically,producingaplayoflight,colorandsoundthatisspellbinding.Itholdsourattention,butnotinanoverlydemandingway.Researcherscallthissoftfascination.Itgivesourbrainsabreakfromtheintense,focusedattentionthatmuchofdailyliferequires.

A．Mostimportant:Waterisdynamic.

B．Weneedtorechargeandwatercanhelp.

C．Thesoundofwater,typicallysteadyandsoft,soothesus.

D．Wecanspendtimeonthewateranywhere,anytimeinourmind.

E．Thiscalmsthemind,whichisoftenabsorbedbyworryandanxiety.

F．It’snotjustourbodiesthatneedtheelementoflife—it’sourmindstoo.

G．Suchsenseofawecandecreasestressandhelpusputthingsintoperspective.

四、根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空

課文填空

Afootballerwas40oftakingmoneyfordeliberatelynotscoringgoalssoastolettheotherteamwinWewenttointerviewhim.He41takingmoneybutwewereskeptical...Itwasadilemmabecausethefootballercould42demandeddamagesifwewerewrong.

Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitis43totheburn…Itisbesttoplaceburnsundergently44waterforabout10minutes.(Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocess,preventsthepainbecomingunbearableandreduces45.

DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplaced46heldintheMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentrate47onreligiousthemesand48amorehumanisticattitudetolife.…49coincidence,oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime,whichmadethecolorsusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper.

五、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Animalsmayalsobecomeextinctthroughdirectdestruction.Thisincludesthehuntingandcapturingofanimals.Humanshavealwayshuntedandkilledwildlife50earlyhumanslivedmoreinharmonywithnature,51killedanimalsforessentialslikefoodandclothing.Whenguns52(invent),massdestructionofspecieswaspossible.Animalshavebeen,andstillare,killed53meat,clothing,medicines,feathers,eggs,trophies(戰(zhàn)利品),touristsouvenirs—andsometimesjustforamusement.Somespeciesarestillcapturedinthewildforthelivepettrade,eventhough54(they)numbersaredecreasing.

The55(extinct)ofatleast500speciesofanimalshasbeencausedbyman,mostoftheminthiscentury.Todaythereareabout5,000endangeredanimalsandatleastonespeciesdiesouteveryyear.Thereareprobablymanymorewhichbecomeextinct56anyoneknowing.

57mainthreatstospeciesthencanbecitedasillegalhunting,habitatlossandclimatechange.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNaturehasitsown“redlist”ofendangeredspecies58(range)from“l(fā)eastconcern”throughto“criticallyendangered”.Itistheirassessment59wewillrefertohere.

六、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

60．n.名譽(yù)，名望

61．vt.遇到

62．n.國籍→n.國家→adj.國家的

63．vt.使開心；逗笑→adj.好笑的，有趣的→adj.逗樂的；覺得好笑的→n.愉悅；娛樂；娛樂活動

64．vi.依賴→adj.可靠的

65．a(chǎn)dj.吃驚的，驚訝的→vt.使吃驚，使驚訝→adj.令人吃驚的，令人驚訝的→n.吃驚，驚訝

66．n.創(chuàng)造物，作品→v.創(chuàng)造→adj.創(chuàng)造(性)的；創(chuàng)作的；有創(chuàng)造力的

67．a(chǎn)dj.確信的，信服的→v.使某人相信；說服→adj.令人信服的

68．a(chǎn)dj.不幸的，倒霉的→adv.不幸地

69．vt.要求→adj.要求高的

七、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補(bǔ)全句子

Directions:Completeeachsentencebelowwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A．ceaseB．roughC．passionateD．bareE.approveF.minimumG.displayH.deserveI.impressiveJ.inquiryK.insight

70．Let’shangupsomepaintingsonthosewalls.

71．Themedicalteamtheawardfortheiractsofcourage.

72．Thegeneralorderedhistroopstofire.

73．Rawwoolisa(n)material.

74．Theouterspaceastronauts’viewoftheplanetEarthmustbe.

75．Thetwogroupshavea(n)debate.

76．Theteacherhadunusualintochildren’semotions.

77．Personnelmadea(n)abouttheapplicant’spreviousjob.

78．Theworkerscomplainthatthemillownerspaylessthanthewage.

79．Noteachercanofcheatingonexams.

八、邀請信

80．假如你是李華，ChinaDaily將舉辦以下活動，請你用英語寫信邀請你的好友交換生Peter一起參加。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右。

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：提交submission獎學(xué)金scholarship

DearPeter,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

九、概要寫作

81．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgaveapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthatadvocateexcessivethinnessbypromotingextremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupthreateninghealth.That'sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeathassomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waist.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep--andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsitalwayshasaprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:“Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.”

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelppromotenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindust