專題1高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題技巧

閱讀理解之詞義猜測題英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1Theword“…”refersto/eans/couldbestbereostlielytomean______3Whatdoyouthintheeeans______

Lead-in導(dǎo)入1Definition定義法3Similarity相似法2Contrast對比法4Causeandeffect因果法5Eample例舉法8CommonSense普通常識6WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義7Contet上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreaeasily1Definition定義法：一般通過定義、定語（從句）或同位語（從句）來確定詞義。adj易碎的,脆的Theherdsman,wholoosaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayearn牧羊人●信號詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-----破折號等Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrustthesinandthendrinblood

蚊子E1◎Aaingorreals◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebacbones◎Theaybelongorshort木匠動物學(xué)家脊椎動物青春期2018年全國III卷AdultsunderstandwhatitfeelslietobefloodedwithobjectsWhydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestoidsandtheirbelongingsThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelyownidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless1Whatdoesthewords“moreismore”ineanAThemore,thebetterBEnoughisenoughCMoremoney,moreworriesDEarnmoreandsoreA2Contrast對比法：利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測詞義。表示對比的信號詞有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等。ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisnecstillremainsgrubbyJohnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty邋遢的節(jié)約的E2◎IntheedtoruninanorderlywayNow,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate◎Althoughalargenumberoftohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft混亂無辜的天生的

Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissentedv不同意3Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞（詞組）或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)猜測詞義。CleaninguoustasThejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlaeswhichhavebeenpollutedadj巨大的;極大的當(dāng)被猜的詞前后有信號詞:or,lie,as…as,thesameas等就可以通過同義詞、近義詞來確定詞義了。Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-agedMyauntwasanoldwoman,almostasother,andmuchshorter圓胖的,4CauseEffect因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因。OnewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothingThatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheehibitsinonedayadj貧窮的,窮困的adj大的因果關(guān)系信號詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelasticTheriverissoturbidthatitisimevenwhenitisshallow彈性的混濁的5Eample,suchas:such,lie,especially,include,consistof等Todayyoungcouoneyonaachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisionsn電器用具

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbraesOnthefarmtheymainlyraiseeat家禽裝置6WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：suini-極小的,微小的micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards向suanmicrowave超人nonnaturalmiselessnonsmoer無家可歸的rebuildeastwards重建Canyouguesstherightmeanings微波非煙民發(fā)錯音向東Todaytheserica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomeosteverystateWhatdoestheword“unlawful”eanAallowedbythelawCagainstthelawBinaccordancewiththelawDhavingnothingtodowiththelawPrefi前綴）usual—unusualhappy--unhappy

EgI’mgoingtobuyamicrobusmicrobus微型公共汽車Thisost neverhappenedunforeseeable不可預(yù)見的1Definition定義法3Similarity相似法2Contrast對比法4Causeandeffect因果法5Eample例舉法8CommonSense普通常識6WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義7Contet上下文Summary7Contet上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astar1）Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarAABn貓頭鷹2）

Thechildrenarelookingatanape

atthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbird

Thechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdAACn猿8Commonsense普通常識：根據(jù)普通常識和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測詞義。在閱讀的過程中，如遇到生詞，有時可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識將其推測出來。比如了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會制度等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞時，猜測詞義的能力自然就會增強(qiáng)。Whenadoctorsanoaehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthisWhenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalae,youwillwatcharietalepandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled麻藥波紋膨脹冷縮

◎Oneofsymscausedbytheicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemusteepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold癥狀易揮發(fā)的顫抖Inquiry-basedActivities探究活動Aman’songtheblac-tentenIftheyarehonored,heisalsohonoredIftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgracedThereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage宗系,andhistribeTheword“disgrace”means_________inthistetAhonorBendangerCeDTherulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanishedAfewmembersoftheSenate參議院oajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforeverTheunderlinedword“banished”mean_______Ai