Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage課件-高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

UNIT1SCIENCEFICTIONLearningAboutLanguageTopracticesomenewwordsorexpressionsbydoingexercises.Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilarmeaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.1

integrity

hadanappointmentwithdignityweredismissednotguiltyMatcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.

2Amoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,bytheorganisationheorsheisworkingforBmoneygivenforworkdone,goodsreceived,etc.Cmoneypaidforworkorservices,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasisDextraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody’swagesasarewardforhardworkorgoodperformanceEmoneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoonFmoneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganisationforadviceorservicesGmoneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,suchasthebus,train,ortaxiHmoneysavedforaspecialpurposeCompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAldevelopment.3fascinatingtestoutdismisssciencefictionmorelikedignityintelligentsciencefictiontestedoutmorelikefascinatingdignityintelligentdismissToreviewthepassivevoice1Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.Thendiscusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon’tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeristobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).被

動(dòng)

語(yǔ)

態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式是“be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”。語(yǔ)義上主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο?，主要用于需要?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者、不必要指出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的情況，或出于語(yǔ)篇銜接連貫在“be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，變化規(guī)則與系動(dòng)詞be相同。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成例

句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞Theschoolwallsarepaintedeveryyear.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was

/were+過(guò)去分詞Iwasinvitedtothetalkshowyesterday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+be+過(guò)去分詞Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞Theshiphasbeenrepaired.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞Twomenarebeingquestionedbythepolice.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was

/were+being+過(guò)去分詞TheroadswerebeingbuiltwhenIpassedby.1.常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式(1)

雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

雙賓動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

egHe

gave

her

some

money.

She

was

given

some

money.

Some

money

was

given

to

her.(2)

帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)(這時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。

egHisfathercalledhimJack.

HewascalledJackbyhisfather.(3)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。

egTheproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwoweeks.(4)“be+過(guò)去分詞+不定式”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

egHeisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.

Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.(5)“it+be+過(guò)去分詞+從句”式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

egIt’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Itisknownthat...眾所周知Itissuggestedthat...有人建議Itisbelievedthat...人們相信(6)“get+done”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用來(lái)表示狀態(tài)或情況,?？嫉男问饺纾?/p>

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

gethurt/wounded受傷

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(車(chē))軋3.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)有些不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式可表被動(dòng)意義。

a.某些連系動(dòng)詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等。

egThefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

b.某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。

egItcan’tmove.

Thedoorwon’tshut.

c.某些可與well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read,write,wash等。

egMynewpenwriteswell.

Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.b.在beworthdoing和betoblame結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

egThefilmiswellworthseeing.

Thepolicyispartlytoblameforcausing

theworstunemploymentinEurope.c.當(dāng)want,need,require表示“需要”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

egThecarpetreallywantscleaning

(=tobecleaned).

Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering

(=tobewatered).4.不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況(1)謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。(2)謂語(yǔ)是不可拆開(kāi)的takeplace,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。(3)賓語(yǔ)是無(wú)實(shí)意的代詞it。(4)賓語(yǔ)是表示身體的某一部分的名詞。(5)賓語(yǔ)是某些抽象名詞。(6)have在任何情況下都不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(7)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞-ing形式或者是不定式時(shí)不能變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(8)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果遇到這種情況時(shí)，可以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)代替。選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面句子或?qū)υ挕?.Letters_________(aresent,willbesent)bythepostmanat8everyday.2.Thisbag___________(wasfound,found)onthebusyesterday.3.Thedress_______________(doesn’twash,can’tbewashed)inhotwater.4.Thistower__________________(hasnotbeenrebuilt,hasnotrebuilt)sincethe1930’s.5.Themachine_______________(wasbeingtested,tested)justwhenthemanagercame.

aresent

wasfoundcan’tbewashed

hasnotbeenrebuiltwasbeingtested

6.Thenewplan________________(willannounce,willbeannounced)intwodays.7.Look!Yourcar_____________(isbeinglifted,islifting)offtheground.

8.WhenIstopped,mycar________(hit,washit)frombehind.9.—Whatwerewedoingat11o’clock?—We_____________________(werebeinginterviewed,wereinterviewing)byareporter.willbeannouncedisbeingliftedwashitwerebeinginterviewed用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem__________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.

(2023年全國(guó)卷I)2.Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.(2023年全國(guó)甲卷)3.

Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I____________(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.

(2023年全國(guó)甲卷)tobeliftedbeemployedwasamazedisdesignedwasbuilt

waspainted7.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic__________(call)galleriesorrooms.(2020年全國(guó)卷I)8.Readers______________(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceofourFurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.

(2020年全國(guó)卷II)9.CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanwehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct)”.(2020年新高考全國(guó)卷I)arecalledareencouragedisconstructed1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)2Janet___________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould_________tothecakemix.(add)2Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.undonewaselected木已成舟。珍妮特上個(gè)月當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。beadded蛋糕里需要加入兩百克面粉。4A3,000-seatvenue___________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)5Workingefficiency__________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage__________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)hasbeenimprovedisallowed自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。經(jīng)濟(jì)艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。willbebuilt一個(gè)擁有三千座位，供