(5)-2020通則的變化國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)

2020國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則1.2020國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則(INCOTERMS2020)主要變化(1)ICCRULESFORUSEOFDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALTRADETERMS1/OINTERPRETATION(2)DPU1/0DAT(3)CIP術(shù)語:CLAUSEAVOCLAUSEC(4)明確費(fèi)用:賣方負(fù)責(zé)直至交貨時(shí)為止所發(fā)生的費(fèi)用注:看似明確實(shí)際也不明確(5)FCA:出具已裝舶提單(看似用確，實(shí)際缺乏可操作)(6)安全問題(7)其他修改

Incoterms2020:修改原因與過程ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms1.主要原因

對(duì)貨物運(yùn)輸中的安全問題的日益關(guān)注

根據(jù)貨物的性質(zhì)和運(yùn)輸靈活安排保險(xiǎn)的需要

FCA規(guī)則下銀行在特定貨物銷售融資中對(duì)已裝船提單的要求2.修改過程

2016年10月14日在巴黎總部召開的商法與慣例委員會(huì)會(huì)議上決定修改。之后通過各種途徑廣泛征求意見，先后形成三個(gè)征求意見稿，收到評(píng)論意見3000多份。

國際商會(huì)商法與慣例委員會(huì)(CLPCommission)與海關(guān)與貿(mào)易便利委員會(huì)(CustomsandTradeFacillitationCommission)、國際商公各國家委員會(huì)(NCs)、其他各專門組織(InternationalFederationofFreightForwardersAssociations，InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance,EuropeanShippersCouncil,SenegaleseShippersCouncil)合作2019年9月10日公布，作為向國際商公成立100周年的獻(xiàn)禮，將于2020年1月1日生效。Incoterms2020:修改內(nèi)容ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms1.沿用Incoterms⑧2010的標(biāo)題，以ICCPublicationNo723E出版2.與Incoterms2010相比，IncotermsR2020的實(shí)質(zhì)性變化并不大，術(shù)語總數(shù)仍為13個(gè)，只是比以往的版本更精細(xì)化，以更加簡明的方式星現(xiàn)所有的規(guī)則，包括對(duì)語言的修改3.最重要的是聚焦在如何改善呈現(xiàn)方式，以便引導(dǎo)用戶針對(duì)他們的合同正確地選擇Incoterms規(guī)則。主要是對(duì)引言和解釋的擴(kuò)充、對(duì)條款順序的重新編排，以更好地反映銷售交易的邏輯。是國際商會(huì)Incoterms規(guī)則的第一個(gè)包含“橫向”展示的版本，即將所有類似條款集中在一起，使用戶清楚地看到11個(gè)Incotermso規(guī)則在處理特定問題上的差異，使用戶使用起來更方便。ChangesfromIncoterms?2010toIncoterms?2020TheIncoterms?2020focusingonhowthepresentationcouldbeenhancedtosteeruserstowardstherightIncoterms?rulefortheirsalecontract.ThusThreegeneralchanges:1.MoredetailedIntroductiononmakingtherightchoice;2.Re-orderingwithintheIncoterms?rulesgivingdeliveryandriskmoreprominence;and3.UpgradedfromGuidanceNotesinIncoterms2010toExplanatoryNotestoeachIncoterms?rule.Furthertechnicalchanges1.FCA&BLwithanon-boardnotation2.Thewaycostsarelisted3

DifferentlevelsofinsurancecoverinCIFandCIP4.Arrangingforcarriagewithseller'sorbuyer'sownmeansoftransportinFCA,DAP,DPUandDDP5.Changeinthethree-letterinitialsforDATtoDPU6.Inclusionofsecurity-relatedrequirementswithincarriageobligations&costsRe-orderingwithintheIncoterms?RulesIncoterms2020A1/B1

GeneralObligationsA2/B2

Delivery/TakingDeliveryАЗ/ВЗ

TransferofRisksA4/B4

CarriageAS/B5

InsuranceA6/B6

Delivery/TransportDocumentA7/B7

Export/ImportClearanceA8/B8

PackagingA9/B9

AllocationofCostsA10/B10Noticesincoterms2010GeneralobligationsLicences,authorizations,securityclearancesandotherformalitiesContractsofcarrlageandinsuranceDeliveryTransferofrisksAllocationofcostsNoticesDeliverydocumentCheckingpackagingmarkingAssistancewithinformationandrelatedcostsFCA&BLwithanon-boardnotation1.WheregoodssoldFCAforcarriagebysea,sellersorbuyers(ormorelikelytheirbankswhereaLCinplace)mightwantaBLwithanon-boardnotation.2.However,deliveryunderFCAruleiscompletedbeforetheloadingofthegoodsonboardthevessel.Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesellercanobtainanon-boardBLfromthecarrier.Thatcarrierislikely,underitscontractofcarriage,tobeboundandentitledtoissueanon-boardBLonlyoncethegoodsareactuallyonboard.3.Tocaterforthissituation,FCAA6/B6ofIncoterms?2020providesforanadditionaloption.Thebuyerandthesellercanagreethatthebuyerwillinstructitscarriertoissueanon-boardBLtotheselleraftertheloadingofthegoods,thesellerthenbeingobligedtotenderthatBLtothebuyer,typicallythroughthebanks.4.ICCrecognisesthat,despitethissomewhatunhappyunionbetweenanon-boardBLandFCAdelivery,thiscatersforademonstratedneedinthemarketplace.TheWayCostsAreListed1.IntheIncoterms?2020,costsappearatA9/B9ofeachIncoterms?rule.A9/B9intheIncoterms?2020rulesareconsequentlylongerthanA6/B6intheIncoterms?2010rules.2.Thepurposeistoprovideuserswithaone-stoplistofcosts,sothatthesellerorbuyercanfindinoneplaceallthecostsforwhichitwouldberesponsibleunderthatparticularIncoterms?rule.3.However,itemsofcostarealsomentionedintheirhomearticle:thus,e.g.,thecostsinvolvedinobtainingdocumentsinFOBstillalsoappearatA6/B6aswellasatA9/B9.Thethinkingherewasthatusersinterestedindiscoveringthespecificallocationofdocumentarycostsmightbemoreinclinedtogotothespecificarticledealingwithdeliverydocumentsratherthantothegeneralarticlelistingallthecosts.

ArrangingforCarriagewithSeller'sorBuyer'sOwnMeansofTransportinFCA,DAP,DPU&DDP

IntheIncoterms2010rules,itwasassumedthroughoutthatwherethegoodsweretobecarriedfromthesellertothebuyer,theywouldbecarriedbyathird-partycarrierengagedforthepurposeeitherbythesellerorthebuyer,dependingonwhichIncoterms

rulewasused.

However,thereweresomesituationswhere,althoughthegoodsweretobecarriedfromthesellertothebuyer,theycouldbeSOcarriedwithoutanythird-partycarrierbeingengagedatall.Thus,forexample,therewasnothingstoppingaselleronaDrulefromarrangingforsuchcarriagewithoutoutsourcingthatfunctiontoathirdparty,namelybyusingitsownmeansoftransportation.Likewise,withanFCApurchase,therewasnothingtostopthebuyerfromusingitsownvehicleforthecollectionofthegoodsandfortheirtransporttothebuyer'spremises.

TheIncoterms@2020rulesbyexpresslyallowingnotonlyforthemakingofacontractofcarriage,butalsoforsimplyarrangingforthenecessarycarriage.ChangetheinitialsforDATtoDPU

1.TheonlydifferencebetweenDATandDAPinIncoterms?2010was

thatinDATthesellerdeliveredthegoodsonceunloadedfromthearrivingmeansoftransportintoaterminal";whereasinDAP,thesellerdeliveredthegoodswhenthegoodswereplacedatthe

disposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportforunloading.

2.TheGuidanceNoteforDATinIncoterms?2010definedtheword"terminal"broadlytoincludeanyplace,whethercoveredornot..."

3.ICCdecidedtomaketwochangestoDATandDAP.First,theorderinwhichthetwoIncoterms?2020rulesarepresentedhasbeeninverted,andDAP,wheredeliveryhappensbeforeunloading,nowappearsbeforeDAT.Secondly,thenameoftheruleDAThasbeenchangedtoDPU(DeliveredatPlaceUnloaded),emphasisingtherealitythatthepla